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Teaneck, New Jersey

Coordinates:40°53′25″N74°00′41″W / 40.890317°N 74.011478°W /40.890317; -74.011478
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Township in Bergen County, New Jersey

Township in New Jersey
Teaneck, New Jersey
Teaneck High School
Official seal of Teaneck, New Jersey
Seal
Location of Teaneck in Bergen County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Bergen County in New Jersey highlighted in red (left). Interactive map of Teaneck, New Jersey
Location of Teaneck inBergen County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Bergen County inNew Jersey highlighted in red (left).
Map
Interactive map of Teaneck, New Jersey
Teaneck is located in Bergen County, New Jersey
Teaneck
Teaneck
Location inBergen County
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Teaneck is located in New Jersey
Teaneck
Teaneck
Location inNew Jersey
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Teaneck is located in the United States
Teaneck
Teaneck
Location in the United States
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Coordinates:40°53′25″N74°00′41″W / 40.890317°N 74.011478°W /40.890317; -74.011478[1][2]
CountryUnited States
StateNew Jersey
CountyBergen
IncorporatedFebruary 19, 1895
Government
 • TypeFaulkner ActCouncil-Manager
 • BodyTownship Council
 • MayorMark Schwartz (term ends December 31, 2028)[3][4]
 • ManagerJaclyn Hashmat (effective July 1, 2024)[5][6]
 • ClerkDouglas Ruccione[5]
Area
 • Total
6.24 sq mi (16.15 km2)
 • Land6.04 sq mi (15.65 km2)
 • Water0.20 sq mi (0.51 km2)  3.16%
 • Rank253rd of 565 in state
7th of 70 in county[1]
Elevation128 ft (39 m)
Population
 • Total
41,246
 • Estimate 
(2023)[9][11]
41,697
 • Rank56th of 565 in state
2nd of 70 in county[12]
 • Density6,828.7/sq mi (2,636.6/km2)
  • Rank70th of 565 in state
20th of 70 in county[12]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
Area code201[15]
FIPS code3400372360[1][16][17]
GNIS feature ID0882227[1][18]
Websitewww.teanecknj.gov

Teaneck (English pronunciation:/ˈtiːnɛk/) is atownship inBergen County, in theU.S. state ofNew Jersey. It is abedroom community in theNew York metropolitan area.[19] As of the2020 United States census, the township's population was 41,246,[9][10] an increase of 1,470 (+3.7%) from the2010 census count of 39,776,[20][21] which in turn reflected an increase of 516 (+1.3%) from the 39,260 counted in the2000 census.[22] As of 2020, Teaneck was the second-most populous among the 70 municipalities in Bergen County, behindHackensack, which had a population of 46,030.[10]

Teaneck was created on February 19, 1895, by an act of theNew Jersey Legislature from portions ofEnglewood Township andRidgefield Township, both of which are now defunct (despite existing municipalities with similar names), along with portions ofBogota andLeonia.[23] Independence followed the result of a referendum held on January 14, 1895, in which voters favored incorporation by a 46–7 margin.[24] To address the concerns of Englewood Township's leaders, the new municipality was formed as a township, rather than succumbing to theborough craze sweeping across Bergen County at the time.[24] On May 3, 1921, and again on June 1, 1926, portions of what had been Teaneck were transferred toOverpeck Township.[25]

Teaneck lies at the junction ofInterstate 95 and the eastern terminus ofInterstate 80.[26] The township is bisected into north and south portions byRoute 4 and east and west by theRiver Subdivision ofCSX Transportation. Commercial development is concentrated in four main shopping areas, on Cedar Lane, Teaneck Road, DeGraw Avenue, and West Englewood Avenue and Queen Anne Road, more commonly known as "The Plaza".[27]

Teaneck's location at the crossroads of river, road, train and other geographical features has made it a site of many momentous events across the centuries. After the American defeat at theBattle of Fort Washington,George Washington and the troops of theContinental Army retreated across New Jersey from the British Army, traveling through Teaneck and crossing theHackensack River atNew Bridge Landing, which has since been turned into a state park and historic site commemorating the events of 1776 and of early colonial life. In 1965, Teaneck voluntarily desegregated its public schools, after the Board of Education approved a plan to do so by a 7–2 vote on May 13, 1964.[28][29] Teaneck has a diverse population, with large Jewish and African American communities, and growing numbers of Hispanic and Asian residents.[30]

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]

The origin and meaning of the name "Teaneck" is not known, but speculation is that it could come from various Dutch or English words, or it could be Native American in origin, meaning "the woods".[31] An alternative is from theDutch "Tiene Neck" meaning "neck where there are willows" (from the Dutch "tene" meaning willow).[25]

The earliest uses of the word "Teaneck" were in reference to a series ofLenni LenapeNative American camps near the ridge formed by what became Queen Anne Road. ChiefOratam was the leader of a settlement called "Achikinhesacky" that existed alongOverpeck Creek in the area near what became Fycke Lane.[32]

A neighborhood variously called East Hackensack or New Hackensack was established along a ridge on the east bank of theHackensack River, site of a Native American trail that followed the river's path along what is now River Road, with the earliest known buildings constructed dating back as far as 1704. Other early European settlements were established along what became Teaneck Road, which is the site of a number ofDutch stone houses that remain standing since their construction in the 1700s, several of which have been added to theNational Register of Historic Places.[33]

Revolutionary War period

[edit]

During November 1776, General George Washington passed through Teaneck in the aftermath of theBattle of Fort Lee, as part of the hasty retreat of Colonial forces fromFort Lee on theHudson River.[33]

Phelps Estate

[edit]
William Walter Phelps

Subsequent development and house construction were focused along the perimeters of the township, with the central part of the community remaining a large property crisscrossed by 30 miles (48 km) of paved roads and trails that were constructed and improved by Phelps.[34]

Township formed

[edit]
William Weaver Bennett, chairman of the committee which formed Teaneck, and its founding mayor

TheTownship of Teaneck was established on February 19, 1895, and included portions of Englewood Township, Ridgefield Township and Bogota.[23] Teaneck's choice to incorporate as a township was unusual in an era of "Boroughitis", in which a flood of new municipalities were being formed using the decentralized and locally controlledborough form of government.[24] The other two municipalities formed in Bergen County in 1895 were both boroughs, in addition to the 26 boroughs that were formed in the county in 1894 alone.[35]

In a referendum held on January 14, 1895, 46 of 53 voters approved incorporation as aborough. Citizens of Englewood Township challenged the creation of a borough, but accepted the new municipality as a township, given its more rural character. A bill supporting the creation of the Township of Teaneck was put through theNew Jersey General Assembly on February 18, 1895, and theNew Jersey Senate on the next day.New Jersey GovernorGeorge Werts signed the bill into law, and Teaneck was an independent municipality.[24]

At its incorporation, Teaneck's population was 811.William W. Bennett, overseer of the Phelps Estate, was selected as chairman of the first three-man Township Committee, which focused in its early years on "construction of streets and street lamps (originally gaslights), trolley lines (along DeGraw Avenue), telephones and speeding traffic."[36]

Early 20th century

[edit]

The opening of the Phelps Estate in 1927 led to substantial population growth.[37] TheGeorge Washington Bridge was completed in 1931, and its connection to Teaneck viaRoute 4 brought thousands of new home buyers. From 1920 and 1930, Teaneck's population nearly quadrupled, from 4,192 to 16,513.[38]

Rapid growth led to financial turmoil, and inefficiencies in the town government resulted in the adoption of a newnonpartisanCouncil-Manager form of government under the1923 Municipal Manager Law in a referendum on September 16, 1930. A full-time Town Manager, Paul A. Volcker Sr. (the father of futureChairman of the Federal ReservePaul A. Volcker Jr.), was appointed to handle Teaneck's day-to-day business affairs. During his 20-year term, from 1930 to 1950, Volcker implemented financial management practices and a development plan that included comprehensive zoning regulations, along with acivil service system for municipal employees and a professional fire department.[33]

TheNew Jersey Supreme Court issued a ruling in 1942 upholding a Teaneck ordinance that had bannedpinball machines on the grounds that they were gambling devices rather than a form of amusement.[39]

Post–World War II

[edit]

Teaneck was selected in 1949 from more than 10,000 communities as America's model community, with theUnited States Army saying that the township was chosen because of its "fine municipal spirit and the high quality of its governmental service." Photographs were taken and a film produced about life in Teaneck, which were shown inOccupied Japan andAustria as a part of the Army's education program to show democracy in action.[40][41]

In 1953,Fairleigh Dickinson College, then with 2,800 students based inRutherford, New Jersey, merged with the 400-studentBergen Junior College, acquiring its campus in Teaneck, with the Bergen Junior College president saying that "the Teaneck property lends itself to considerable expansion".[42]

AfterWorld War II, there was a second major spurt of building and population growth. The African American population in the northeast corner of Teaneck grew substantially starting in the 1960s, accompanied bywhite flight triggered byblockbusting efforts of township real estate agencies.[43] In 1965, after a struggle to address de facto segregation in housing and education, Teaneck became the first community in the nation where a white majority voluntarily voted for school integration, without acourt order requiring the district to implement the change. The sequence of events was the subject of a book titledTriumph in a White Suburb written by township resident Reginald G. Damerell (New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1968).[44][45]

As de factoracial segregation increased, so did tensions between residents of the northeast and members of the predominantly white male Teaneck Police Department. On the evening of April 10, 1990, the Teaneck Police Department responded to a call from a resident complaining about a teenager with a gun. After an initial confrontation near Bryant School and a subsequent chase,Phillip Pannell, an African American teenager, was shot and killed by Gary Spath, a white Teaneck police officer. Spath said he thought Pannell had a gun and was turning to shoot him. Witnesses said Pannell was unarmed and had been shot in the back. Protest marches, some violent, ensued; most African Americans believed that Pannell had been killed in cold blood, while other residents insisted that Spath had been justified in his actions. Testimony at the trial claimed that Pannell was shot in the back, and that he was carrying a gun. A police officer testified to finding a modified starter's pistol with eight cartridges in Pannell's jacket pocket.[46] Spath was ultimately acquitted on charges of recklessmanslaughter in the shooting. Some months after Spath had been cleared, he decided to retire from law enforcement. The incident was an international news event that brought ReverendAl Sharpton andJesse Jackson to the community and inspired the 1995 bookColor Lines: The Troubled Dreams of Racial Harmony in an American Town, byMike Kelly.[47]

Teaneck, and the neighboring communities ofBergenfield andNew Milford, has drawn a large number ofModern Orthodox Jews who have established at least fifteensynagogues and fouryeshivas (three high schools and one for young men).[48][49] It is the functional center of the northern New Jersey Orthodox community, with nearly twenty kosher shops (restaurants, bakeries and supermarkets).[50] It is within ten minutes' driving time ofYeshiva University in New York City.

Historic homes

[edit]
Zabriskie-Kipp-Cadmus House

Several homes in Teaneck date back to the colonial era or the period subsequent toAmerican Revolutionary War and have been preserved and survive to this day. Teaneck sites on theNational Register of Historic Places and (other historic homes) include:[51][52][53]

Geography

[edit]
A view of theHackensack River, taken from the shore in Teaneck

According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 6.24 square miles (16.15 km2), including 6.04 square miles (15.65 km2) of land and 0.20 square miles (0.51 km2) of water (3.16%).[1][2]

Teaneck is bordered by eight municipalities in Bergen County, including to the west byRiver Edge andHackensack which lie across theHackensack River, to the north byNew Milford andBergenfield, to the east byEnglewood andLeonia, and to the south byRidgefield Park andBogota.[65][66][67]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township includeNew Bridge andWest Englewood.[68]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1900768
19102,082171.1%
19204,192101.3%
193016,513293.9%
194025,27553.1%
195033,77233.6%
196042,08524.6%
197042,3550.6%
198039,007−7.9%
199037,825−3.0%
200039,2603.8%
201039,7761.3%
202041,2463.7%
2023 (est.)41,697[9][11]1.1%
Population sources:
1900–1920[69] 1900–1910[70]
1910–1930[71] 1900–2020[72][38]
2000[73][74] 2010[20][21] 2020[9][10]

English is the sole home language of 72.4% of residents. Over a quarter of residents speak other languages, includingSpanish (14.5%),Tagalog (2.3%),Urdu (1.8%),Korean (1.0%), andPolish (1.0%).[75]

A 2001 study under theBerman Jewish DataBank estimated the number of Jewish households in the 07666 ZIP code of Teaneck to comprise 16.5% of the total.[76] In 2018, the number of Jewish residents in Teaneck was estimated to be about 15,000 out of a total population of 36,000-37,000.[77] A large segment of this population in Teaneck and neighboringBergenfield is comprised ofModern Orthodox Jews.[78]

2020 census

[edit]
Teaneck township, Bergen County, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 1990[79]Pop 2000[80]Pop 2010[81]Pop 2020[82]% 1990% 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)23,67720,23718,34616,84562.60%51.55%46.10%40.75%
Black or African American alone (NH)9,57310,90510,2669,18025.31%27.78%25.81%22.26%
Native American orAlaska Native alone (NH)533947460.14%0.10%0.12%0.11%
Asian alone (NH)2,0752,7913,5744,3785.49%7.11%8.98%10.61%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)N/A7218N/A0.02%0.05%0.02%
Other race alone (NH)741541505900.20%0.39%0.38%1.43%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)N/A1,0247971,351N/A2.61%2.00%3.28%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)2,3734,1036,5758,8486.27%10.45%16.53%21.44%
Total37,82539,26039,77641,246100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%

2010 census

[edit]

The2010 United States census counted 39,776 people, 13,470 households, and 10,129 families in the township. Thepopulation density was 6,622.2 per square mile (2,556.8/km2). There were 14,024 housing units at an average density of 2,334.8 per square mile (901.5/km2). The racial makeup was 53.33% (21,214)White, 27.69% (11,013)Black or African American, 0.28% (113)Native American, 9.11% (3,622)Asian, 0.06% (25)Pacific Islander, 6.04% (2,403) fromother races, and 3.48% (1,386) from two or more races.Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 16.53% (6,575) of the population.[20]

Of the 13,470 households, 34.1% had children under the age of 18; 58.0% were married couples living together; 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present and 24.8% were non-families. Of all households, 20.8% were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.88 and the average family size was 3.37.[20]

25.0% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.4% was from 18 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 89.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 84.7 males.[20]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010American Community Survey showed that (in 2010inflation-adjusted dollars)median household income was $92,107 (with a margin of error of +/− $3,556) and the median family income was $108,777 (+/− $5,024). Males had a median income of $74,055 (+/− $5,587) versus $54,959 (+/− $4,129) for females. Theper capita income for the township was $42,335 (+/− $2,061). About 5.7% of families and 6.9% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.[83]

Same-sex couples headed 126 households in 2010, an increase from the 80 counted in 2000.[84]

2000 census

[edit]

As of the2000 United States census,[16] there were 39,260 people, 13,418 households, and 10,076 families residing in the township. The population density was 6,486.2 inhabitants per square mile (2,504.3/km2). There were 13,719 housing units at an average density of 2,266.5 per square mile (875.1/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 56.3%White, 28.8%African American, 0.2%Native American, 7.1%Asian, <0.1%Pacific Islander, 4.2% fromother races, and 3.5% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino residents of any race were 10.5% of the population.[73][74]

There were 13,418 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% weremarried couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.9% were non-families. 21.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.34.[73][74]

The population distribution was 25.8% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.[73][74]

The median income for a household in the township was $74,903, and the median income for a family was $84,791. Males had a median income of $53,327 versus $40,085 for females. Theper capita income for the township was $32,212. About 2.4% of families and 4.2% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 3.7% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.[73][74]

Ancestry information reported in the 2000 Census reflects the diversity of Teaneck residents, with no single country accounting for more than a small fraction of the population. Residents listedItalian (6.2%),German (6.0%),Russian (5.3%),Irish (5.1%) andPolish (4.2%) as the most common countries of ancestry, and an additional 4.3% listed United States. 6.3% of residents identified themselves as being ofWest Indian ancestry, of which 3.4% were fromJamaica.[85]

Historical population

[edit]

After its founding as a township, Teaneck saw rapid growth in its population during the first half of the 20th century. As Teaneck changed from a sparsely populated rural area into a suburb, particularly after development of property that had been part of the Phelps Estate started in the late 1920s, Teaneck's population grew rapidly, far outpacing the growth of Bergen County.

AfterWorld War II, the 1950 Census showed growth in Teaneck (33.6%) pacing Bergen County overall (31.6%). Starting in 1960, a substantial decline in the rate of growth compared to Bergen County occurred as Teaneck reached the limits of developable land, and the township neared its peak population. Population growth in the 1970 Census was small, but positive, with Teaneck reaching its historical maximum of 42,355. Absolute declines in population followed in both the 1980 (−7.9%) and 1990 (−3.0%) data. The 2000 Census showed recovery in Teaneck's population to 39,260, though growth (3.8%) was smaller than in Bergen County overall (7.1%).[73]

With almost no land left to develop for housing, Teaneck's population is likely to remain stable for the foreseeable future. A reluctance to permit high-rise development as a means to increase population density also places a limit on growth. Changes in family size and the possibility of zoning changes to allow denser construction are some of the few influences that may affect population over time.[86]

Crime

[edit]

According to the FBI's 2016Uniform Crime Report, there were 497 crimes in the township in 2016 (vs. 490 in 2015), of which 72 were violent crimes (vs. 50 in 2015) and 425 non-violent crimes (440 in 2015). The 2016 total crime rate per thousand residents was 12.1 (vs. 12.0 in 2015). The violent crime rate per thousand residents for the State New Jersey was 2.2 and the non-violent crime rate 10.4.[87]

Gang violence hit Teaneck in July 2006 with the death of Ricky Lee Smith Jr., a teenager shot outside a house party by a member of theBloods gang who had attended the party. In June 2007, the Township Council approved the hiring of five additional officers after the Chief of Police had requested the addition of 14 new officers to Teaneck's existing 98-member police force to establish a gang unit.[88][89][90]

Teaneck has received attention in the media due to sexual crimes committed against minors by New Jersey educators. Joseph White, former principal of Teaneck High School, pleaded guilty to official child endangerment in June 2006 and was sentenced to one year in prison. White had been charged in 2002 with fondling a 17-year-old student and was subsequently acquitted.[91] James Darden, an award-winning former eighth grade teacher at Thomas Jefferson Middle School, was charged with sexual assault and misconduct in June 2007. He pleaded guilty in December 2007 to a charge ofaggravated sexual assault.[92] In 2008, James Darden was sentenced to eight years in prison, after admitting to having a two-year sexual relationship with a student that started when she was 13.[93] In 2018 another incident took place: A substitute teacher was charged with sexual assault. He was ordered to surrender his teacher's license and was sentenced to probation.[94]

The December 1975 murder of Jean Diggs and her four children has never been solved.[95] Police reported in 1977 that they had been unable to identify a perpetrator after two years and thousands of hours spent investigating the crime.[96]

A pair of killings hit Teaneck in 2010, with council watcher Joan Davis and software engineer Robert Cantor both killed in their homes, in cases that had not been solved in more than a year after the incidents.[97] A conviction for the murder of Robert Cantor was made in 2015.[98]

Based on a data analysis of 18 years, it is estimated that crime will continue to decline. In 2016, the city's crime rate was 55.76% lower than the national average of violent crime and  28.3% lower than New Jersey's crime rate. The crime rate in Teaneck Township was  57.79% lower than the national property crime average and  33.03% lower than the property crime rate in New Jersey.[99]

Economy

[edit]

Major institutions in Teaneck includeHoly Name Medical Center and the Metropolitan Campus ofFairleigh Dickinson University, the largest private university in the state.[100] TheTeaneck Armory is the home of theNew Jersey National Guard's 50th Main Support Battalion.[101]

Cognizant Technology Solutions, a majormultinational provider ofhigh-technology services, maintains its globalheadquarters operations in Teaneck,[102] located in the Glenpointe Centre, Teaneck's largest single group of commercial ratable entities, which includes a 350-roomMarriott Hotel and 650,000 square feet (60,000 m2) ofClass A office space, as well as the headquarters ofPhibro Animal Health,[103] at the intersection ofInterstate 95 andInterstate 80.[104][105]

Teaneck has four maincommercial districts: Cedar Lane, north Teaneck Road, West Englewood Avenue/The Plaza and Queen Anne Road/DeGraw Avenue.[106] Cedar Lane underwent a $3.9 million Streetscape project, completed in 2006, designed to attract additional business to the area through new sidewalk paving with brick edging, bump-outs to allow easier pedestrian crossing, old-fashioned lamp posts and street plantings.[107]

The Givaudan Fragrances Corporation Creative Fragrances Centre, a division ofGivaudan, was constructed in 1972 from a design byDer Scutt, architect of theTrump Tower.[108] Givaudan Roure vacated the building in 2009 and the facility was acquired by World of Wings, which renovated the building for use as a butterfly exhibition aimed at families.[109] World of Wings closed in November 2016 and, in June 2019, reopened as an apartment complex called Avalon Teaneck.[110][111]

Arts and culture

[edit]

The Puffin Foundation and its Puffin Cultural Forum have been leading supporters and producers of art in Teaneck, sponsoring plays and art exhibitions at its location on Puffin Way.[112]

Teaneck is home to the Ethical Culture Society of Bergen County, founded in 1953. The Bergen Society is a member organization of theAmerican Ethical Union.[113]

The Teaneck Community Band presents a series of outdoor band concerts at the Votee Park Bandshell each summer. The 69th annual series, in 2013, was sponsored by thePuffin Foundation.[114][115]

2013–2014 marked the 78th season of the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra, which performed in the auditorium of Benjamin Franklin Middle School, having been founded in 1938 as the Teaneck Symphony Orchestra.[116][117]

The now defunct Teaneck Cultural Arts Coalition had organized many community-wide cultural events, including an annualFirst Night community celebration of the arts held for several years through New Year's 2005.[118]

The Garage Theatre Group, Bergen County's first non-profit professional theatre company, stages fully professional productions, with members ofActors Equity, as well as youth conservatory productions at the Becton Theatre on the campus ofFairleigh Dickinson University.[119]

Teaneck New Theatre, founded in 1986, performs productions at St. Mark's Church in Teaneck and at the Hackensack Cultural Arts Center.[120]

Black Box Studios is a theater group based in Congregation Beth Shalom, that has a relationship with the Bergen PAC in Englewood. The actors are mostly children and teens ages 10–16, with a 7–9 year old workshop, and an adult workshop. There are two to three performances presented in the first two or three weeks of January, and the first two weeks of June. Drama and musical theatre summer camps are offered.[121]

Teaneck Cinemas had been the township's lone movie theater, and had also hosted live performances on its stage by local performance groups, until it closed its doors in November 2012, with theater operator Majestic Entertainment citing costs that could run to as much as $500,000 to modernize the projection systems on all four screens to use digital technology rather than 35mm reels of film.[122] New owner Matthew Latten signed a lease in April 2013 and undertook extensive renovations that included new seating, modern digital projection systems and digital signage.[123] After hosting theTeaneck International Film Festival in November, the reopening of the renamed Teaneck Cinemas was delayed until December 2013, with added time needed to complete the work needed to add modern features and conveniences while retaining the Art Deco character of a theater first constructed in 1937.[124] For a number of years, the theater was main venue for screenings forHoboken International Film Festival.[125] TheNortheast Film Festival, also takes place at Teaneck Cinemas.

Teaneck has been the site of many films, includingThe Family Man, the 2000 film starringNicolas Cage, andArmageddon Time, the 2022 film starringAnthony Hopkins,Anne Hathaway andJeremy Strong.[126][127] The Teaneck Armory has been used for films includingSweet and Lowdown, and for interior scenes ofYou've Got Mail.[128][129]

The music video for Bon Jovi's 2025 single "Red, White, and Jersey" features multiple Teaneck locations on Cedar Lane, including Teaneck Cinemas, Cedar Market, and Lark Street Music.[130]

In 2007, two non-fiction volumes appeared dealing,inter alia, with Teaneck's Orthodox Jewish community. InForeskin's Lament, writerShalom Auslander describes living in Teaneck and finding the Jewish community stifling and claustrophobic.[131] In contrast, Rifka Rosenwein, inLife in the Present Tense, describes the close-knit community as a gift she could not imagine when living in Manhattan.[132]

TheAfrican American music groupThe Isley Brothers foundedT-Neck Records, named for their base in the township.[133] Other musicians from the township includePhoebe Snow, the rock bandThe Wrens and rappersDMX andThe Notorious B.I.G.[134][135][136]

Sports

[edit]
Teaneck Armory

TheBrooklyn Nets professionalbasketball team was founded as theNew Jersey Americans in Teaneck for the 1967–1968 season, as charter members of theAmerican Basketball Association. The team played their home games at the Teaneck Armory for that one season, and was scheduled to play a one-game playoff at the armory. However, the circus had been booked for the week, and the game was relocated to a court inCommack, New York that was unplayable, and the game had to be forfeited. After the one season in Teaneck, the team relocated toLong Island and was renamed the New York Nets.[137] Following the Long Island run, the Nets moved back to New Jersey in 1977 to be named as the New Jersey Nets until 2012, when they moved back to New York and became theBrooklyn Nets.[138]

In 1977, Teaneck hosted the "JuniorBiddy National Basketball Tournament" with American teams from as far asDallas, Texas attending and an international one from Puerto Rico. The tournament championship was won by a team fromNew Orleans, Louisiana.[139]

Portions ofFairleigh Dickinson University's Metropolitan Campus are located in Teaneck, with most of the school's athletic facilities located across the river in Hackensack. The school's University Stadium, home for its men's and women's soccer teams, lies on theHackensack River, just north of Route 4. The 1,100-seat stadium has hosted NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament games in recent years.[140] The natural grass field was resurfaced withFieldTurf in 2004.[141]

TheNaimoli Family Baseball Complex is situated between Route 4 and University Stadium. Fairleigh Dickinson received a $1 million bequest from FDU alumnusVince Naimoli, founding owner of theTampa Bay Rays, to establish a 500-seat stadium with artificial turf and lighting on the site of the current facility.[142]

Parks and recreation

[edit]

Teaneck has 24 municipal parks, of which 14 are developed.[143] Votee Park, the township's largest, covers 40.51 acres (16.39 ha), surrounded by Queen Anne Road, Palisade Avenue, Court Street and Colonial Court. Including baseball fields, soccer fields, playgrounds and the township's inground swimming facility, the park was renamed in honor of former mayor Milton Votee in 1958.[144] A Sportsplex was opened at the southern end of Votee Park in 2014, which includes two synthetic turf full-size soccer fields, one of which is also lined for use for football.[145]

The Friends of the Hackensack River Greenway Through Teaneck work to preserve and develop the 3.5-mile (5.6 km) greenway along the Hackensack River from Terhune Park at the Bogota border in the south north to Brett Park on theNew Milford border, encouraging the growth of native plants and providing a verdant area along the river for residents and visitors.[146] A series of 16 laminated signs were created by Teaneck artist Richard Mills along the Greenway, depicting details of history and the flora and fauna of the river in a series called "Hackensack River Stories" that was installed in 2000.[147] The Greenway in Teaneck became the fourthNational Recreation Trail in the state when it received the designation by theUnited States Department of the Interior at ceremonies held in Brett Park in June 2009.[148]

Established in 2001 in conjunction with the Puffin Foundation, the Teaneck Creek Conservancy has restored a plot of degraded land east of Teaneck Road near the intersection of Interstates 80 and 95, removing decades of debris and creating a network of 1.3 miles (2.1 km) of trails.[149]

Overpeck features a pedestrian bridge.

Overpeck County Park, along the shores of Overpeck Creek, a tributary of the Hackensack River, is more than 800 acres (3.2 km2) in size, of which about 500 were donated by Teaneck, and which is also in portions of Englewood, Leonia, Ridgefield Park andPalisades Park.[150][151]

Government

[edit]
Teaneck Municipal Building

Local government

[edit]
See also:Mayors of Teaneck, New Jersey

Teaneck is governed within theFaulkner Act (formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law) under theCouncil-Manager form of government. The council-manager system was adopted by referendum in 1988.[152][153] The council's seven members are elected at-large in nonpartisan elections to serve staggered, four-year terms of office. Following a municipal election, the Township Council holds a Reorganization Meeting where the winners are sworn in, and the council elects a mayor and two deputy mayors from among its own members. Under the council-manager system, the mayor's chief role is to preside over the council. The mayor (and deputy mayors) vote on all matters as regular members of the council, and the position is not an executive one. The mayor does, however, execute bonds, notes, contracts and written obligations of the Township and is empowered to perform marriages.[154][155]

The chief executive of the Township of Teaneck is theTownship Manager, who is hired by the council and is present at meetings of the council but does not have voting power. The manager implements council policies, enforces ordinances and is responsible for appointing and directing department heads. The Township Manager is also responsible for preparing and submitting the budget to the council.[5]

The Township Council serves as Teaneck's governing body, setting policies and passing ordinances. It adopts an annual budget and approves contracts and agreements for services. The Council appoints the town officials, including the Manager, Clerk, Auditor, Attorney, Magistrate and Assessor. The Council appoints seven members of the Planning Board, the members of the Board of Adjustment, and all other statutory and advisory boards.[156][155]

As of January 2025 the Township Council was comprised as follows:[157]

PositionNameTerm beganTerm endsNotes
MayorMark J. SchwartzJanuary 1, 2025December 31, 2028Unanimous vote
Deputy Mayor 1Karen Lew OrgenJanuary 1, 2025December 31, 2028Vote of 5–2
Deputy Mayor 2Denise BelcherJanuary 1, 2023December 31, 2026Vote of 5–2
CouncilmemberElie Y. KatzJanuary 1, 2023December 31, 2026
CouncilmemberDanielle GeeJanuary 1, 2023December 31, 2026
CouncilmemberHillary GoldbergJanuary 1, 2023December 31, 2026
CouncilmemberMichael PaganJanuary 1, 2025December 31, 2028

As of July 2024, the Township Manager is Jacklyn Hashmat.[5]

Following its founding in 1895, Teaneck used the traditionaltownship form of government, led by a three-member Township Committee (later expanded to five seats) elected on a partisan basis. On September 16, 1930, Teaneck residents voted to establish anon-partisan Council-Manager form of government under the terms of the1923 Municipal Manager Law, with five members elected concurrently on an at-large basis. In 1962, the Council expanded to its current size of seven members and the position of Deputy Mayor was created. In 1987, a referendum to alter the form to a Faulkner Act Council-Manager form of government was approved, providing for staggered terms for the council. The township is one of 42 municipalities (of the 565) statewide that use this form of government.[158]
Until 2021, council elections took place in even years on the second Tuesday in May. Following a referendum that passed in 2021, the date of Township Council elections was moved to November to be held with the state-wide elections.[7][159][160]

In May 2000, three women ran for Township Council, and all three, incumbent Jackie Kates and newcomers Marie Warnke and Deborah Veach, were elected.[161] Kates, Warnke and Veach completed their four-year terms and then ran for re-election in May 2004.[162] Jackie Kates and Deborah Veach were re-elected and became Mayor and Deputy Mayor, respectively. Ms. Veach resigned her position in October 2005 and was appointed to be the Township's Municipal Prosecutor.[163]

On May 13, 2008, the township voted to re-elect Monica Honis to the council (with 2,981 votes). Elnatan Rudolph (2,852) lost his bid for re-election, falling 38 votes behind his running mate, Mohammed Hameeduddin. Barbara Toffler (leading the voting with 3,356 votes) and Mohammed Hameeduddin (2,890) were elected and took office on July 1, 2008, filling the seats left by Rudolph and former mayor Jackie Kates, who did not run for re-election.[164]

In the 2010 municipal elections, Adam Gussen, Elie Y. Katz and Lizette Parker were re-elected to office, with former councilmember Emil "Yitz" Stern taking the seat vacated by former mayor Kevie Feit, who did not run for a second term. At its July 1, 2010, reorganization meeting the council selected Mohammed Hameeduddin to serve as mayor, making him one of the state's first Muslim mayors, while Adam Gussen was chosen as deputy mayor.[165][166]

In the May 2012 municipal election, Mohammed Hameeduddin won a second term in office (with 4,374 votes) and was the only incumbent to win re-election, with challengers Mark J. Schwartz (3,150) and Henry Pruitt (2,872) taking the seats of Dr. Barbara Ley-Toffler (2,526) and Monica Honis (2,238), who lost their bids for re-election and came in fourth and fifth respectively, while Alexander Rashin came in sixth (1,049).[167]

In the May 2018 municipal election, Elie Y. Katz won a sixth term in office (with 3,822 votes) and Gervonn Romney Rice, who was selected to replace Mayor Lizette Parker (after her death in 2016), won reelection (with 4,480 votes). Challengers Keith Kaplan (with 3,191 votes) and James Dunleavy (with 3,360 votes) defeated incumbent Alan Sohn (with 2,483 votes) and challengers Clara Williams (with 2,303 votes) and Dr. Charles Powers (with 2,282 votes).[168]

In the May 2020 municipal elections, Mark J. Schwartz won reelection (with 5,076 votes), with his running mates Karen Orgen (with 5,061 votes), and Michael Pagan, who was the highest vote getter (with 5,107 votes). Challengers Denise Belcher (with 4,726 votes), Ardie Walser (with 4,597 votes), and Gina Gerszberg (with 4,631 votes).[169]

The November 2022 municipal elections were the first Municipal election held in November.[170] The November 2022 Municipal Elections, challengers Danielle Gee (6,639), Denise Belcher (6,532), and Hillary Goldberg (6,309) defeated incumbent Keith Kaplan (with 4,747 votes), their fourth running mate Chondra Young (with 6,179 votes) came in 109 votes behind six term council memberElie Y. Katz, who won a seventh term in office (with 6,288 votes). Challenger Danielle Gee, Denise Belcher, and Hillary Goldberg also defeated Latisha Garcia (with 4,060) votes, Desiree Ramos Reiner (with 4,436 votes), and Anthony Bruno (with 1,106) votes.[171]

In the November 2024 municipal election, incumbents Mark J. Schwartz (8,668 votes), Karen Orgen (8,701 votes), and Michael Pagan (6,853 votes) all won reelection against challengers Chondra Young (3,957 votes), Duane Harley (6,638 votes), Reshma Khan (6,621 votes), and Ardie Walser (6,061 votes).[172]

Federal, state, and county representation

[edit]
Teaneck Main Post Office

Teaneck is in the 5th Congressional District[173] and is part of New Jersey's 37th state legislative district.[174][175][176]

Prior to the 2010 Census, all of Teaneck had been part of the 9th Congressional District, a change made by theNew Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections, making Teaneck one of 14 municipalities (and the only one in Bergen County) to be split across districts, down from the 29 that had been split after the 2000 Census.[177][178] As part of the redistricting that took effect in 2013, 32,023 (about 80%) of Teaneck residents were placed in the new 5th District, with the remaining 7,753 residents (about 20%) mostly in areas of the township east of Teaneck Road and south of Bedford Avenue placed in the 9th District.[179]

For the119th United States Congress,New Jersey's 5th congressional district is represented byJosh Gottheimer (D,Wyckoff).[180] New Jersey is represented in theUnited States Senate byDemocratsCory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027) andAndy Kim (Moorestown, term ends 2031).[181]

For the2024-2025 session, the37th legislative district of theNew Jersey Legislature is represented in theNew Jersey Senate byGordon M. Johnson (D,Englewood) and in theGeneral Assembly byShama Haider (D,Tenafly) andEllen Park (D,Englewood Cliffs).[182]

Bergen County is governed by a directly electedCounty Executive, with legislative functions performed by aBoard of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are electedat-large to three-year terms in partisan elections on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November; a Chairman and Vice Chairman are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held every January. As of 2025[update], the county executive is James J. Tedesco III (D,Paramus), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026.[183]

Bergen County's Commissioners are: Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D,Montvale, 2025),[184]Chair Germaine M. Ortiz (D,Emerson, 2025),[185]Joan Voss (D,Fort Lee, 2026),[186]Vice Chair Mary J. Amoroso (D,Mahwah, 2025),[187]Rafael Marte (D,Bergenfield, 2026),[188] Steven A. Tanelli (D,North Arlington, 2027)[189] and Tracy Silna Zur (D,Franklin Lakes, 2027).[190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197]

Bergen County's constitutional officials are: Clerk John S. Hogan (D,Northvale, 2026),[198][199]Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D,Englewood, 2027)[200][201] and Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D,Cresskill, 2026).[202][203][193][204]

Politics

[edit]
United States presidential election results for Teaneck Twp
2024[205] 2020[206] 2016[207] 2012[208] 2008[209] 2004[210]
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
20248,25237.12%13,27759.73%7013.15%
20206,14126.59%16,73772.48%2140.93%
20164,22921.35%15,05375.98%5302.68%
20125,25627.28%13,87572.01%1360.71%
20085,62127.42%14,78572.12%950.46%
20045,67229.85%13,25469.74%780.41%

Teaneck is a Democratic stronghold, with Democratic registration higher than that of Republicans. As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 24,862 registered voters in Teaneck Township, of which 12,646 (50.9% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered asDemocrats, 2,332 (9.4% vs. 21.1%) were registered asRepublicans and 9,872 (39.7% vs. 47.1%) were registered asUnaffiliated. There were 12 voters registered asLibertarians orGreens.[211] Among the township's 2010 Census population, 62.5% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 83.4% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide).[211][212]

United States Gubernatorial election results for Teaneck[213]
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
20213,34525.97%9,46173.46%730.57%
20171,93718.90%8,16479.67%1461.42%
20134,43941.39%6,19757.78%900.84%
20093,24224.99%9,34772.05%3842.96%
20052,57320.98%9,52677.67%1661.35%

In the2016 presidential election, DemocratHillary Clinton received 15,053 votes (75.2% vs. 54.2% countywide), ahead of RepublicanDonald Trump with 4,229 votes (21.1% vs. 41.1%) and other candidates with 729 votes (3.6% vs. 4.6%), among the 20,152 ballots cast by the township's 28,631 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.4% (vs. 72.5% in Bergen County).[214] In the2012 presidential election, DemocratBarack Obama received 13,875 votes (71.5% vs. 54.8% countywide), ahead of RepublicanMitt Romney with 5,256 votes (27.1% vs. 43.5%) and other candidates with 136 votes (0.7% vs. 0.9%), among the 19,394 ballots cast by the township's 27,145 registered voters, for a turnout of 71.4% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County).[215][216] In the2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 14,785 votes (71.6% vs. 53.9% countywide), ahead of RepublicanJohn McCain with 5,621 votes (27.2% vs. 44.5%) and other candidates with 95 votes (0.5% vs. 0.8%), among the 20,642 ballots cast by the township's 26,294 registered voters, for a turnout of 78.5% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County).[217][218]

In the2013 gubernatorial election, DemocratBarbara Buono received 57.8% of the vote (6,197 cast), ahead of RepublicanChris Christie with 41.4% (4,439 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (90 votes), among the 10,991 ballots cast by the township's 25,615 registered voters (265 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.9%.[219][220] In the2009 gubernatorial election, DemocratJon Corzine received 9,347 ballots cast (71.8% vs. 48.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 3,242 votes (24.9% vs. 45.8%), IndependentChris Daggett with 343 votes (2.6% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with 41 votes (0.3% vs. 0.5%), among the 13,027 ballots cast by the township's 25,513 registered voters, yielding a 51.1% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county).[221]

United States Senate election results for Teaneck1[222]
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
20246,55832.38%12,80863.23%8904.39%
20183,10720.69%11,58577.15%3242.16%
20123,45719.80%13,79579.00%2101.20%
20063,03223.86%9,56675.27%1110.87%
United States Senate election results for Teaneck2[223]
YearRepublicanDemocraticThird party(ies)
No. %No. %No. %
20205,82425.78%16,39372.57%3711.64%
20141,91117.15%9,13181.94%1020.92%
20131,53716.90%7,51582.63%430.47%
20083,76120.25%14,63078.78%1800.97%

Taxation

[edit]

TheTax Foundation determined that Bergen County had the third-highest median property tax burden in the nation ($8,708 vs. a New Jersey median of $6,579 and a national median of $1,917) and the fourth-highest level of property taxes as a percentage of median income (8.59% vs. 7.45% statewide and 3.03% nationally), based on an analysis of data from the 2009American Community Survey conducted by theUnited States Census Bureau for all 792 counties in the United States with more than 20,000 residents.[224] As of 2010, Teaneck's effective tax rate of $2.492 per $100 of equalized value was the 12th-highest of the 70 municipalities in Bergen County, which had a countywide median effective rate of $2.115 per $100, ranging from a low of $.596 inAlpine to a high of $3.005 inRidgefield Park.[225]

As of 2013[update], just under 55% of a Teaneck property owner's real estate taxes goes to support the local school system, 36.7% goes to municipal taxes (including an open space tax) and the remaining 8.4% to cover county services (which also assesses an open space tax). In the decade from 2003 to 2013, municipal taxes had risen at an annual rate of just over 4.5% and school taxes by almost 2.8%, while theconsumer price index for the New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island area had gone up 2.6% during that time span.[226]

The 2013 tax rate was set at $2.486 per $100 of assessed value (an overall increase of 3.7% from 2012), which includes school taxes of $1.365 (up almost 3.3%), municipal taxes of $0.871 (an increase of 5.8%), a library tax of $.031 (down 3.1%) and county taxes of $0.206 (down 0.5%), plus a municipal open space tax of $0.010 and a county open space tax of $0.003 (both unchanged).[226][227][228] The owner of a median-valued home in Teaneck, assessed at $465,300, paid 2011 property taxes of $11,190, which would include $6,244 in school taxes, $3,992 in municipal taxes and $949 to the county (including open space levies).[228][229]

During 2006, Teaneck underwent arevaluation of all privately owned real estate, as required periodically by the state. This revaluation adjusted property values to market prices, ensuring that taxes are equitably allocated. The average property in Teaneck was assessed at approximately $417,900, an increase of 132.1% from the prior year's average. The new valuations took effect for the 2007 tax year.[230] In the wake of the revaluation implemented in 2007, a wave of tax appeals hit the township, resulting in a loss of about $110 million in ratables and costs to the township of $2.2 million for the 2012 tax year.[231] The township agreed to complete a revaluation by October 2014 that would go into effect in 2015, awarding a $710,000 contract to perform the necessary home visits and determine property values.[232]

The Teaneck Public Schools had a Budgetary Per Pupil Cost of $18,417 in its 2012–2013 budget, 26.8% higher than the average of $14,519 budgeted that year by districts in the same grouping of grades and enrollment, ranked as the 101st highest among the 106 K–12 districts in the state with more than 3,500 students.[233]

At the April 2006 school elections, voters rejected the proposed $84.8 million budget for the Teaneck Public Schools for the 2006–2007 school year by a 1,644 to 1,336 margin. Based on recommendations specified by the Township Council, the Board of Education approved $544,391 in cuts.[234] The school budget was rejected again in 2009, with the Council cutting $1 million from the $94.8 million originally proposed.[235] After the 2010 school budget failed, the Township Council removed $6.1 million from the $95 million budget proposed by the school district, zeroing out what would have been an 8.2% increase in the school tax levy.[236] The school board eliminated 77 positions to meet the cuts approved by the council.[237]

Education

[edit]

Public schools

[edit]
Teaneck High School

TheTeaneck Public Schools serves students inpre-kindergarten throughtwelfth grade.[238][239] As of the 2023–24 school year, the district, comprised of eight schools, had an enrollment of 3,487 students and 305.2 classroom teachers (on anFTE basis), for astudent–teacher ratio of 11.4:1.[240] Schools in the district, with 2023–24 enrollment data from theNational Center for Education Statistics,[241] are Bryant Elementary School[242] with 265 students in PreK and Kindergarten,Theodora Smiley Lacey Elementary School[243] with 134 students in PreK and Kindergarten, Hawthorne Elementary School[244] with 324 students in grades K–4, Lowell Elementary School[245] with 305 students in grades K–4, Whittier Elementary School[246] with 373 students in grades K–4, Benjamin Franklin Middle School[247] with 485 students in grades 5–8, Thomas Jefferson Middle School[248] with 525 students in grades 5–8 andTeaneck High School[249] with 1,261 students in grades 9–12.[250][251][252][253]

Longfellow Elementary school was closed in 1998.[254] Other elementary schools that closed prior to 1998 included Emerson and Eugene Field School, which had been used by the Board of Education for its central administrative offices until 2020, when it reopened as Theodora Smiley Lacey School with room for 180 kindergarten students.[255]

2011–2012 total spending for the district was $91,382,911, a Total Spending per Pupil of $22,894 based on 3,991.6 students, ranking 96th highest of the 106 K–12 districts statewide with more than 3,500 students, with the average district spending $18,047 per pupil. Based on the 2012–2013 budget, the district planned to spend a Budgetary Per Pupil Cost of $18,417 (a measure that excludes out-of-district tuition payments for special education, transportation costs, legal judgments and certain other expenditures), ranking 101st highest among its grouping of districts, compared to a statewide average of $14,519. Of the 2012–2013 Budgetary Per Pupil Cost, $11,394 per student was allocated to classroom instruction (104th highest of K–12 districts in the state with more than 3,500 students, with a statewide average of $8,588), $3,012 per student to Total Support Services (ranked 96th, average of $2,338), $1,662 to Total Administrative Costs (ranked 93rd, average of $1,448) and $2,031 to Total Operations and Maintenance of Plant (ranked 89th, average of $1,787). The district's 2012–2013 Median Classroom Teacher Salary of $77,614 is ranked 98th in the state in its grouping, the Median Support Service Salary was $92,539 (97th), while the Median Administrator Salary was $140,497 (95th).[233][256][257]

As of the 2010No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Report, Teaneck High School had satisfied theAdequate Yearly Progress measure and had a graduation rate of 97.0% for the class of 2009–2010, compared to a statewide average of 94.7%. On theHigh School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA), 9.4% were partial proficient, 79.5% proficient and 11.1% advanced proficient in Language Arts Literacy (vs. statewide averages of 10.3% partial, 75.7% proficient and 14% advanced). In Mathematics, 24.8% were partial proficient, 61.8% proficient and 13.4% advanced proficient (vs. statewide averages of 18.4% partial, 57.9% proficient and 23.7% advanced).[258]

The Teaneck Community Charter School (TCCS) had a 2017–2018 enrollment of 322 students and 25.9 classroom teachers (on anFTE basis), for astudent–teacher ratio of 12.4:1.[259] TCCS is acharter school that operates independently of the Teaneck Public Schools under a charter granted by the Commissioner of theNew Jersey Department of Education, which was renewed for five years in 2012.[260] Admission is open to the public for available slots (after returning students and siblings of existing students are entered) and offers an after school program and summer camp. As the school is a public school, no tuition is charged. Funding comes from the Teaneck Public Schools (and the home districts of non-resident students), which provides 90% of its cost per pupil in the district; the balance of funding comes directly from the state of New Jersey.[261] The school moved to a new building at 563 Chestnut Avenue in the 2009–2010 school year, from a space it had rented on Palisade Avenue.[262]

2009–2010 total spending for the TCCS was $5,050,613, a Total Spending per Pupil of $16,614 based on 304 students, ranking 51st highest of the 77 charter schools statewide, with the average district spending $17,836 per pupil. Based on the 2010–2011 budget, the TCCS planned to spend a Budgetary Per Pupil Cost of $14,210, ranking 54th highest among the 77 districts, compared to a statewide average of $13,609. Of the 2010–2011 Budgetary Per Pupil Cost, $8,112 per student went to classroom instruction (57th highest of charter schools in the state, with a statewide average of $8,004), $1,124 per student to Total Support Services (ranked 14th, average of $2,116), $1,690 to Total Administrative Costs (ranked 4th, average of $1,453) and $3,282 to Total Operations and Maintenance of Plant (ranked 70th, average of $1,698). The district's 2010–2011 Median Classroom Teacher Salary of $55,860 is ranked 57th in the state in its grouping, the Median Support Service Salary is $82,433 (54th), while the Median Administrator Salary is $103,750 (56th).[256][257][263]

Public school students from the township, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by theBergen County Technical Schools, which include theBergen County Academies inHackensack, and theBergen Tech campus in Teterboro orParamus. The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district.[264][265]

The 2017–2018 total spending for the district was $101,642,004, a Total Spending per Pupil of $27,670.[266]

Private schools

[edit]

Teaneck is home to the Metropolitan Campus ofFairleigh Dickinson University, which straddles theHackensack River in Teaneck andHackensack. The campus served 4,114 undergraduates and 2,350 graduate students.[267]

Teaneck is also home to four privateOrthodoxJewish day schools and/or high schools. Those schools includeTorah Academy of Bergen County (for boys in grades 9–12)[268] which completed an $8 million expansion project at the start of the 2013–2014 school year that doubled the size of the school, adding new classrooms and an additional gym to accommodate the record enrollment of 293 students, with room for expansion for the several years ahead.[269][270] TheSINAI Special Needs Institute, a school specializing in the education of students withlearning disabilities and otherspecial needs, is hosted in the same building.[271]Ma'ayanot Yeshiva High School, located on the same section of Palisade Avenue, serves girls in grades 9–12.[272] In 2016, Yeshivat He'atid, a private K–8 Jewish day school, moved from Bergenfield to Teaneck, taking over an emptydata center building near TABC and Ma'ayanot.[273] The school employs ablended learning model.[274] With enrollment growing from 116 to 600 students in under a decade, the school began an expansion project in 2021.[275] Yeshivas Heichal HaTorah, another high school, opened in September 2013 at the Teaneck Jewish Center with an initial enrollment of 17 students.[276] A post high school program, called Yeshivas Bais Mordechai (and formerly called Yeshiva Gedolah of Teaneck), opened in 2005 on Palisade Avenue.[277]

The Community School is a private school, founded in 1968 to serve the bright child with learning and attentional disabilities. Both thelower school andhigh school are in Teaneck.[278]

Teaneck was home to theMetropolitan Schechter High School, a co-edConservative Jewish high school, which closed its doors in August 2007 due to fundraising problems.[279]

Al-Ghazaly High School, a co-ed religious day school forseventh throughtwelfth grades founded in 1984, was located on 441 North Street, serving theMuslim community from the greater Teaneck area. The school relocated to a larger facility inWayne and opened its doors to students in September 2013, with the Teaneck facility repurposed to serve students in pre-Kindergarten through eighth grade with the name of Academy of Greatness and Excellence, which is also an Islamic school.[280][281]

Media

[edit]

WVNJ AM-1160 (licensed toOakland, New Jersey) maintains studios at 1086 Teaneck Road.[282]WFDU FM-89.1 operates from studios atFairleigh Dickinson University, and there was a defunct AM Carrier Current version of WFDU on 640 through some time in the 1980s.[283]

Public services

[edit]

The Richard Rodda Community Center, located near Route 4 at the south end of Votee Park, is a 50,900-square-foot (4,730 m2) community and recreation center completed in 1998. The facility includes two full sized gyms, a dance studio, a kitchen and several multipurpose rooms.[284] The Teaneck Recreation Department offers educational, sports and arts programs throughout the year.[114] The Rodda Center is home to the Senior Citizens Service Center, which offers educational and fitness activities for adults ages 55 and up, and serves hot lunch daily, provided by the Bergen County Division of Senior Services.[285]

Police and law enforcement

[edit]

The Teaneck Police Department had 96 sworn officers in 2012, in addition to 13 civilian employees, three parking enforcement officers and 25 school crossing guards[286] out of a total of 106 authorized uniformed positions. Robert Wilson was named Chief as of July 2008, filling the acting chief role previously held by Deputy Chief Fred Ahearn, who had been serving in that position after the departure of Paul Tiernan in 2007.[287] The department hired its first two officers in 1914; Freddie Greene, its first African-American officer, joined the department on September 15, 1962, and its first female officer began serving on January 4, 1981.[288][289] In 1990, a Teaneck officerfatally shot Phillip Pannell, an armed African American man with his hands raised above his head while facing away from the officer.[290] In 2012, the Teaneck Police Department received accreditation from theCommission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA), following a two-year-long process that documented the department's compliance with 112 standards established by the organization as best practices. The department became the ninth in the state to receive CALEA accreditation.[291]

Fire department

[edit]
Main article:Teaneck Fire Department

TheTeaneck Fire Department was established in 1915, making it one of the oldest in the county.[292]

Medical

[edit]

The Teaneck Volunteer Ambulance Corps (TVAC) was created in 1939 to serve the residents of Teaneck.[293] TVAC has always been Teaneck's only emergency ambulance service and includes over 100 volunteers and five ambulances.[294]

Holy Name Medical Center is a fully accredited,not-for-profit community hospital. Founded and sponsored bythe Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace in 1925, the hospital has grown to become a comprehensive 361-bed medical center. Affiliation withNewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System further brings the advantages of large urban hospitals to the community, with access to clinical trials and expanded education for its physicians. Holy Name Medical Center has undertaken an ambitious effort to provide comprehensive health care services tounderinsured and uninsured Korean patients from a wide area with its growing "Korean Medical Program", including attracting 1,500 people to its annual seventh annual Korean health fair in 2014.[295][296] To accommodate the township'sOrthodox Jewish community, the hospital offers aShabbat elevator, a room prepared for families of patients staying at the hospital duringShabbat and Jewish holidays, as well as a lounge offering kosher food.[297]

Transportation

[edit]
View south along I-95 at the junction with I-80 in Teaneck

Roads and highways

[edit]

As of May 2010[update], the township had a total of 119.41 miles (192.17 km) of roadways, of which 103.95 miles (167.29 km) were maintained by the municipality, 10.70 miles (17.22 km) by Bergen County, 3.47 miles (5.58 km) by theNew Jersey Department of Transportation, and 1.29 miles (2.08 km) by theNew Jersey Turnpike Authority.[298]

Teaneck is situated along a number of major transportation routes, including theNew Jersey Turnpike (a portion ofInterstate 95). It is known for being the Eastern endpoint ofInterstate 80, which stretches west toSan Francisco since the dedication of a segment inSalt Lake City on August 22, 1986, marking the completion of the first transcontinental portion of the Interstate Highway System.[299] As the second-longest Interstate route, the highway stretches nearly coast-to-coast for 2,899.54 miles (4,666.36 km), shorter than onlyInterstate 90.[300] The easternmost 0.9 miles (1.4 km) of Interstate 80 runs fromBogota to the junction with Interstate 95.[301]

NJ Route 4 traverses east–west through Teaneck, running 2.5 miles (4.0 km) fromHackensack toEnglewood.[302] Unlike all other municipalities situated along the highway, there is no commercial development or billboards, with the open space along the highway maintained by the Township Council's Preserve the Greenbelt Committee.[303] Route 4 narrows from three lanes in each direction on a section between Belle Avenue and Englewood, causing rush-hour traffic backups that may extend for miles. TheNew Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) has discussed a series of proposed replacement projects for bridges over the highway, pending completion of feasibility studies and design work. While the township has indicated its willingness to cede space along the Greenbelt for a third lane, the lack of space for a shoulder may preclude the creation of a full three-lane route through Teaneck.[304] In November 2013, NJDOT informed Teaneck officials that it had no plans to widen the highway, as the need to focus the limited funds available on replacing and repairing deteriorating bridges and infrastructure precluded the implementation of a widening project.[305]

Interstate 95 heads north for 1.3 miles (2.1 km) through Teaneck fromRidgefield Park toLeonia.[306] New Jersey's other main trunk route, theGarden State Parkway, can be reached just a few miles west of Teaneck. Access toNew York City is available for motorists by way of theGeorge Washington Bridge inFort Lee (via Route 4 or Interstate 95), or through theLincoln Tunnel inHudson County (via the NJ Turnpike) intoMidtown Manhattan.[citation needed]

County roads in Teaneck include Teaneck Road, Queen Anne Road, River Road and Fort Lee Road. Cedar Lane, another county road, crosses the Hackensack River and connects to Hackensack over theAnderson Street Bridge.[307]

Public transportation

[edit]

NJ Transit bus service is available in Teaneck, with frequent service on Teaneck Road, Route 4 and Cedar Lane, and less-frequent service on other main streets. NJ Transit bus service is offered to thePort Authority Bus Terminal inMidtown Manhattan on the155,157,165R,167 and168 routes; to theGeorge Washington Bridge Bus Station inUpper Manhattan on the171,175,178,182 and186 routes; and to other New Jersey communities served on the83,751,753,755,756,772 and780 routes.[308] Scheduled bus service is also available fromRockland Coaches to the Port Authority Bus Terminal, 11T/11AT fromStony Point, New York.[309][310]Spanish Transportation and several other operators provide frequent jitney service along Route 4 betweenPaterson, New Jersey and the George Washington Bridge Bus Station.[311]

While there is currently no passenger train operation in Teaneck, train service is available across the Hackensack River at theNew Bridge Landing station inRiver Edge[312] and at theAnderson Street station inHackensack.[313] NJTransit'sPascack Valley Line runs north–south toHoboken Terminal, with connections to thePATH train from the Hoboken PATH station, and with NJT connecting service toPenn Station inMidtown Manhattan via theSecaucus Junction transfer station. At Hoboken Terminal, connections are also available toNY Waterway ferry service (to theWorld Financial Center and other destinations) and to theHudson-Bergen Light Rail system (serving locations along theHudson River inHudson County).[314]

Teaneck is split east and west by railroad tracks, which currently provide freight service byCSX Transportation. Until 1959, passenger train service was provided on these same tracks by theWest Shore Railroad, with Teaneck stations at Cedar Lane and West Englewood Avenue. Commuter service was available from these stations, with 44 passenger trains operating daily to and fromWeehawken, where Hudson River ferry service was available to New York City at42nd Street and at theFinancial District inLower Manhattan.[315] Train service from Teaneck was also available north toAlbany, along the west shore of the river. Efforts are ongoing to restore some passenger train service on this line for commuters heading toward New York City, including extension of the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail service via theNorthern Branch to Englewood orTenafly.[316]

Teaneck's closest airport in New Jersey with scheduled passenger service isNewark Liberty International Airport, 20 miles (32 km) away (about 27 minutes) inNewark /Elizabeth.[317]New York City'sLaGuardia Airport is 15 miles (24 km) away inFlushing, Queens via theGeorge Washington Bridge, an estimated 22 minutes in ideal conditions.[318]John F. Kennedy International Airport inQueens is 26 miles (42 km) and 34 minutes from Teaneck.[319]Teterboro Airport offersgeneral aviation service, and is a 9-mile (14 km) drive (about 13 minutes).[320]

Notable people

[edit]
Main article:List of people from Teaneck, New Jersey

References

[edit]
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  86. ^Gale, Pat."Diverse By Design",Cooperator News New Jersey, October 2010. Accessed November 21, 2023. "Encompassing just over six square miles and having little land left to develop, the township is limited in its ability to grow; its population has remained fairly steady over the past half-century, after dipping during a period of racial turmoil in the 1960s."
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  88. ^Fallon, Scott."Vigil recalls a life ended far too soon"Archived 2012-11-04 at theWayback Machine,The Record, July 10, 2007. Accessed March 5, 2009. "Smith, 15, was shot dead by then 17-year-old Zechariah Eaton after a late night house party had broken up. Eaton and three alleged members of the Bloods street gang who also attended the party got involved in one of several scuffles that broke out in front of the house at the end of the night, police said at the time."
  89. ^Aberback, Brian."Chief wants anti-gang unit"Archived 2012-11-04 at theWayback Machine,The Record, May 10, 2007. Accessed March 5, 2009.
  90. ^Salazar, Carolyn and Tsai, Jason."Report: Police hype gangs to score funding"Archived 2012-11-04 at theWayback Machine,The Record, July 19, 2007. Accessed March 5, 2009. "Teaneck recently approved hiring five more officers to form an anti-gang unit. Police are seeking $500,000 in funding for the initiative, making them one of several departments that are looking to tap state and federal grants. 'We're definitely seeing an increase in gang activity over the years,' Teaneck Police Chief Paul Tiernan said Wednesday. 'But we realize that we're not going to arrest our way out of the problem. We're also doing a lot of outreach efforts and prevention efforts.' Retired Teaneck Officer Fred Greene said he, for one, isn't convinced. 'They are hyping the gang problem,' said Greene, who attended a recent gang presentation in town. 'It really has to do with getting more equipment and manpower than having an actual problem.'"
  91. ^Markos, Kibret."Ex-principal in Teaneck gets 1 year"Archived 2012-11-04 at theWayback Machine,The Record, November 3, 2007. Accessed March 5, 2009.
  92. ^Markos, Kibret."Teaneck teacher admits classroom sex with student"Archived 2012-11-04 at theWayback Machine,The Record, December 18, 2007. Accessed March 5, 2009.
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  95. ^Sullivan, Ronald."5 Murders Make Violence a Teaneck Reality",The New York Times, December 8, 1975. Accessed October 8, 2019. "The murder of a mother and her four children plunged this suburban Bergen County township and the communities that surround it into deep and incredulous shock today. The bodies of Jean Diggs and her four children were discovered late yesterday shot to death in their comfortable stucco and brick home here."
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  97. ^Rimbach, Jean."Unsolved killings haunt Teaneck",The Record, May 28, 2011. Accessed December 9, 2011. "Windows of the charred Elm Avenue home where Robert Cantor lived and died are boarded up. An orange sign declaring the house unsafe for occupancy is stuck on the padlocked front door and fading rhododendron blossoms hover over an untended lawn.... Nearly three months after Cantor was shot and his two-story house set ablaze, there has been no arrest in the case. Meanwhile, the August slaying of longtime political watchdog Joan Davis, who was found stabbed, hands bound in her burning home, also remains unsolved."
  98. ^Pries, Allison."Jailhouse interview: Killer in love-triangle murder of Teaneck man breaks silence",The Record, February 25, 2016. Accessed October 8, 2019. "It's in that bedroom, with the small window and the red and white down comforter, that Tung shot Robert Cantor in the back of the head in March 2011, doused him with grain alcohol and set the Teaneck house ablaze, murdering the 59-year-old software engineer, a jury determined late last year after a two-month trial in state Superior Court in Hackensack."
  99. ^"Teaneck Township Crime Statistics: New Jersey (NJ) - CityRating.com".www.cityrating.com. RetrievedOctober 10, 2019.
  100. ^Schemo, Diana Jean."Tackling Foreign Students' Visa Troubles, Fairleigh Dickinson Finds Errors in I.N.S. Database",The New York Times, November 17, 2002. Accessed September 30, 2009. "The largest private university in New Jersey, Fairleigh Dickinson found itself tangled in bureaucracy over the last two months, as a problem in the I.N.S. computer system blocked foreign students accepted for admission this January from obtaining visas."
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  106. ^Aberback, Brian."Charting Teaneck's business growth"Archived 2012-11-03 at theWayback Machine,The Record, January 8, 2007. Accessed March 5, 2009. "The report includes various suggestions for each of the township's four business districts – Cedar Lane, north Teaneck Road, West Englewood/The Plaza, and DeGraw Avenue/Queen Anne Road – including that each district have an executive director."
  107. ^Aberback, Brian."Work to start on Teaneck's Cedar Lane improvements"Archived 2012-11-03 at theWayback Machine,The Record, April 15, 2005. Accessed July 5, 2007.
  108. ^Chadderdon, Lisa."The Sweet Smell of Success: A building in Teaneck, New Jersey is the source of some of the world's most popular fragrances. Meet Givaudan Roure's perfumers, the 'ghostwriters' behind your favorite scents.",Fast Company, March 1998. Accessed December 25, 2013. "In fact, more than 30% of the world's fine perfumes for women can be traced to Givaudan Roure – and to an inconspicuous brick building set back from the street in suburban Teaneck, New Jersey. Inside the building, designed by Der Scutt (architect of the Trump Tower) and constructed in 1972, is an environment that fosters creativity."
  109. ^Cohen, Noah."Insect-themed Entertainment Center Planned for Windsor Road: Butterfly conservatory to be built at former Givaudan building.",TeaneckPatch, September 20, 2011. Accessed December 25, 2013. "An entertainment center featuring insect exhibits and a live butterfly conservatory is planned at the former Givaudan building on Windsor Road, near the Teaneck border with Bergenfield. The former fragrance company complex was sold to a "children's education organization called World of Wings," according to Givaudan corporate spokesman Jeff Peppet."
  110. ^Giovanny Pinto, Fausto (February 9, 2017)."Butterfly museum to metamorphose into housing development".NJ.com. RetrievedJanuary 4, 2024.
  111. ^Burd, Joshua."AvalonBay unveils Teaneck community, amid surging demand from renters – Real Estate NJ".RealEstateNJ. RetrievedJanuary 4, 2024.
  112. ^Aberback, Brian. "Puffin founders give artists a voice",The Record, June 20, 2007.
  113. ^Ethical Culture Society of Bergen County
  114. ^abRecreation Department, Township of Teaneck. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  115. ^Teaneck Community Band's 69th Summer Concert SeriesArchived 2013-12-19 at theWayback Machine, Township of Teaneck. Accessed December 18, 2013. "The Teaneck Recreation Department and the Puffin Foundation, Ltd. are pleased to announce another outstanding season of the Teaneck Community Band Summer Concert Series. This summer's series marks the 69th continuous year of the Summer Concert Series and, once again, the Teaneck Recreation Department welcomes the generous support of the Puffin Foundation as we invite residents to sit back, relax, and join us for this delightful concert series."
  116. ^Our HistoryArchived 2013-12-19 at theWayback Machine, Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. Accessed December 18, 2013. "In 1936, a dream became a reality when the Teaneck Symphony Orchestra was formed."
  117. ^VenueArchived 2013-12-19 at theWayback Machine, Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  118. ^Beckerman, Jim."A First Night leap for Teaneck"Archived 2012-11-03 at theWayback Machine,The Record, December 19, 2004. Accessed March 5, 2009. "In fact, Teaneck's seventh annual First Night celebration will be chock-full of traditional after-dark events beginning at 6:30 p.m., and most of them, like the circus, illustrate this year's First Night theme, 'East Meets West.'"
  119. ^HistoryArchived 2011-09-07 at theWayback Machine Garage Theatre Group. Accessed July 16, 2011.
  120. ^HistoryArchived 2008-03-31 at theWayback Machine, Teaneck New Theatre. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  121. ^About, Black Box Studios. Accessed December 25, 2013.
  122. ^Baker, Rebecca."Cedar Lane Cinemas in Teaneck goes dark; owner says cost of going digital too high",The Record, November 30, 2012. Accessed December 18, 2013. "Teaneck's iconic movie theater has shut down indefinitely, showing its last film a week ago, the latest in a string of small theaters across the country to close because they are unable or unwilling to upgrade technology."
  123. ^Cohen, Noah."Teaneck Movie Theater Aims To Open by October; New owner working to modernize Teaneck's lone cinema", TeaneckPatch, August 4, 2013. Accessed August 13, 2013. "The owner of the new Teaneck Cinemas, Matthew Latten, is aiming to open in mid-September, with a target opening set by Oct. 1, the post said. Latten told Patch in May that he initially hoped to open in July or August, but faced some paperwork delays."
  124. ^Beckerman, Jim."Teaneck theater reopens Friday with new look and name",The Record, December 17, 2013. Accessed December 18, 2013. "Teaneck Cinemas – formerly Cedar Lane Cinemas – is slated to reopen Friday with a new name, a new management, new state-of-the-art digital projectors, new high-back seats, new marquee and a new retro art-deco look."
  125. ^Robb, Adam (June 3, 2010)."Hoboken International Film Festival set ... for Teaneck".The JerseyJournal.
  126. ^Graham, Bob."Cage's Wonderful Lives",San Francisco Chronicle, December 22, 2000. Accessed December 25, 2013. "Jack slowly discovers that he has traded Manhattan for Teaneck, N.J., his penthouse for a four-bedroom house and mortgage, his Ferrari for a minivan."
  127. ^"Anthony Hopkins films movie in Teaneck".North Jersey Media Group. RetrievedJanuary 4, 2024.
  128. ^Davis, Tom.A Place For Troops, Troupes, Hoops: Teaneck Armory Still VitalArchived March 6, 2012, at theWayback Machine, copy of article fromThe Record, January 2, 2002. Accessed June 6, 2007.
  129. ^Ivry, Bob."Filmmakers Descending on New Jersey",The Record, June 17, 1998. Accessed June 6, 2007. "When Randy Sokol Sweeney was asked to find a New York–area spot in which to shoot the indoor scenes of "You've Got Mail," a romantic comedy starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, she tried the usual studios in Queens, but they were booked. Then she checked out Teaneck."
  130. ^"'Red, White, and Jersey.' Jon Bon Jovi shows love to home state of NJ in new music video".
  131. ^McGrath, Charles."Shalom Auslander: An Orthodox Jewish outsider grapples with his past",International Herald Tribune, October 3, 2007. Accessed December 25, 2013.
  132. ^Wiener, Julie."Rifka's Words Still Speak To Me",The Jewish Week, December 5, 2007. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  133. ^Inductees Profile of The Isley BrothersArchived September 19, 2015, at theWayback MachineRock and Roll Hall of Fame. Accessed December 23, 2013. "The Isley Brothers took business matters into their own hands in 1969 by re-establishing their own label, T-Neck (named for their home base of Teaneck, New Jersey)."
  134. ^LaGorce, Tammy."Music; Once More to the Abyss For the Wrens",The New York Times, May 7, 2006. Accessed August 4, 2018. "Members of The Wrens, 16-year-old band from Teaneck, NJ, comment on their careers and new CD..."
  135. ^Marriott, Michel (March 17, 1997)."The Short Life of a Rap Star, Shadowed by Many Troubles".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedJanuary 4, 2024.
  136. ^Giovanny Pinto, Fausto (September 27, 2016)."The hip-hop homes of Bergen County".NJ.com (NJ Advance Media). RetrievedJanuary 4, 2024.
  137. ^Wojnarowski, Adrian."Warped floors, lumbering elephants"Archived 2012-11-03 at theWayback Machine,The Record, June 1, 2003. Accessed March 5, 2009.
  138. ^Bondy, Stefan."The Nets have finally found a home in Brooklyn;From J to Deron Williams, from Teaneck to Long Island, and through the swamps of Jersey, the Nets arrive at the Barclays Center",New York Daily News, October 28, 2012. Accessed October 28, 2015.
  139. ^Winfield, Paul (May 15, 1977)."Biddy Basketball: Knicks of Future?".The New York Times.
  140. ^Men's Soccer 2013 Quick Facts,Fairleigh Dickinson University. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  141. ^"Fairleigh Dickinson University Installs FieldTurf at University Stadium; Knights' men's and women's soccer teams scheduled to begin play on new surface this fall.",Fairleigh Dickinson University press release, dated August 3, 2004. Accessed December 18, 2013. "The Fairleigh Dickinson University men's and women's soccer teams will have a new surface to play on at University Stadium this fall as installation of FieldTurf is underway. The project is scheduled to be completed in September. University Stadium has played host to NCAA Men's Soccer Tournament First Round games in each of the last two seasons as well as the ECAC Women's Soccer Tournament semifinals last year."
  142. ^Staff. "FDU baseball complex gets bequest",The Record, December 18, 2007.
  143. ^Parks MapArchived October 8, 2019, at theWayback Machine, Township of Teaneck. Accessed October 8, 2019.
  144. ^Milton Votee Park, Teaneck Public Library. Accessed February 4, 2014.
  145. ^"Township to Dedicate Votee Park Sportsplex"Archived 2015-09-10 at theWayback Machine, Township of Teaneck, June 13, 2014. Accessed December 16, 2014.
  146. ^IntroductionArchived 2013-12-09 at theWayback Machine, Friends of the Hackensack River Greenway through Teaneck. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  147. ^Nash, Margo."ART; With His Art, One Can Find A River's History on a Sign",The New York Times, September 10, 2000. Accessed December 18, 2013. "When Richard Mills, a Teaneck artist and environmentalist, takes children on tours of the Hackensack River, he likes to ask them to draw pictures of what paradise looks like.... He did research, talked to old-timers and local historians, and created a series of 16 signs he callsHackensack River Stories.The vinyl laminated signs will be posted this week near the river in Teaneck along the Greenway, which runs from Bogota to New Milford."
  148. ^Prosnitz, Howard."U.S. names Greenway as National Recreation Trail",Teaneck Suburbanite, July 1, 2009. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  149. ^Home Page, Teaneck Creek Conservancy. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  150. ^Overpeck Park Background. Accessed February 4, 2014.
  151. ^Overpeck County ParkArchived December 17, 2013, at theWayback Machine, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed February 4, 2014. "More than 50 years ago, five Bergen County municipalities- Englewood, Leonia, Palisades Park, Ridgefield Park and Teaneck- donated hundreds of acres of land surrounding Overpeck Creek to the county for the creation of a park. Land that once contained brownfields and landfills has been transformed into a multi-use recreational venue."
  152. ^"The Faulkner Act: New Jersey's Optional Municipal Charter Law",New Jersey State League of Municipalities, July 2007. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  153. ^Teaneck Municipal Services 2003Archived December 19, 2013, at theWayback Machine, Township of Teaneck. Accessed December 18, 2013. "In 1987, a referendum to alter the form was approved, creating staggered terms for the Council. As part of the change, Council elections now take place every two years on the second Tuesday in May. Seven members serve four-year terms which expire in even numbered years as follows: three will expire in 2004, four will expire in 2006, etc."
  154. ^"Forms of Government in NJ".NJLM New Jersey League of Municipalities. RetrievedJanuary 28, 2020.
  155. ^abTownship Council – General, Township of Teaneck. Accessed December 18, 2013.
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  160. ^Fox, Joey (November 3, 2021)."Teaneck will move local elections from May to November".New Jersey Globe.Archived from the original on February 6, 2023. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  161. ^Sampson, Peter J.; and Stancavish, Don."Teaneck Elects 3 Women To Council – Sole Incumbent Tops Crowded Field"Archived 2015-09-24 at theWayback Machine,The Record, May 10, 2000. Accessed December 3, 2014. "Deputy Mayor Jacqueline Kates, Deborah Veach, and Marie Warnke easily outpolled five other candidates Tuesday to win four-year terms on the Township Council."
  162. ^Johnson, Paul H."5 candidates vying for 3 seats on Teaneck Council"Archived 2015-09-24 at theWayback Machine,The Record, May 8, 2004. Accessed December 3, 2014. "Five candidates are facing off for three seats. They are Mayor Jacqueline Kates, who is seeking her third term, Deborah Veach and Marie Warnke, who are both running for their second term, and challengers Monica Honis and Eric Cinotti."
  163. ^Aberback, Brian."Teaneck's deputy mayor resigns to become its prosecutor – Veach first elected to council in 2000"Archived 2015-09-24 at theWayback Machine,The Record, October 9, 2005. Accessed December 3, 2014. "Deputy Mayor Deborah Veach has resigned her council seat to become the township prosecutor."
  164. ^Ax, Joseph. "Rivals split the vote",The Record, May 14, 2008. "Challenger Barbara Toffler surged to victory in Tuesday's bitterly contested council election, finishing first in a field of eight, and Councilwoman Monica Honis and newcomer Barbara Toffler also captured four-year terms."
  165. ^Ax, Joseph."Teaneck picks first Muslim mayor",The Record, July 1, 2010. Accessed July 7, 2010.
  166. ^Dwyer, Devin."N.J. Town Picks Muslim for Mayor, Orthodox Jew as Deputy",ABC News, July 6, 2010. Accessed July 7, 2010.
  167. ^Superville, Denisa R."Two challengers join Teaneck council",The Record, May 8, 2012. Accessed July 10, 2012. "Hameeduddin received the highest number of votes — 4,374, according to preliminary results from the township clerk's office. He will be joined on the council by Mark Schwartz, a member of the Planning Board and the volunteer ambulance corps who received 3,150 votes, and Henry J. Pruitt, a school board member and retired educator who received 2,872 votes. Voters rejected the re-election bids of two councilwomen, Barbara Toffler and Monica Honis. Toffler, a retired professor, received 2,526 votes, while Honis, who teaches English as a second language in Clifton, received 2,238 votes. A sixth candidate, Alexander Rashin, a scientist in computational molecular biophysics, got 1,049 votes."
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  172. ^"Official 2024 November Election Results".Bergen County Board of Elections.
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  178. ^Sullivan, S.P."Teaneck mayor: New congressional map, which splits town in two, 'a complete surprise'",The Star-Ledger, January 5, 2012. Accessed January 16, 2012. "The town of Teaneck finds itself, quite literally, in the middle of the confusion. The re-drawn congressional map splits the town between Garrett's 5th congressional district and the 9th, which is a combination of districts previously held by Rothman and Pascrell."
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  180. ^https://montclairlocal.news/custom/josh-gottheimer/
  181. ^States in the Senate: New Jersey,United States Senate. Accessed January 23, 2025. "Cory A. Booker (D) Hometown: Newark; Andy Kim (D) Hometown: Moorestown"
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  183. ^County Executive, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  184. ^Vice Chairman Commissioner Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
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  186. ^Commissioner Chair Pro Tempore Dr. Joan M. Voss, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  187. ^Commissioner Mary J. Amoroso, Bergen County, New Jersey. Accessed March 16, 2023.
  188. ^Cattafi, Kristie."Democrats pick Bergenfield councilman to fill vacancy on Bergen County commissioners board",The Record, March 13, 2023. Accessed March 16, 2023. "A Democratic councilman from Bergenfield will be sworn in as a Bergen County commissioner Wednesday night, filling a vacancy on the governing body for almost 1 million residents. Rafael Marte will serve until Dec. 31, taking on the unexpired term left by former Commissioner Ramon Hache, a Democrat who resigned last week to lead the Ridgewood YMCA as its chief executive officer."
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  226. ^abAbbott, Tom.Teaneck NJ Property Taxes – 1991 to 2013Archived 2014-02-23 at theWayback Machine, TomAbbott.net. Accessed February 4, 2014.
  227. ^2013 Abstract of Ratables for the County of Bergen, Bergen County Board of Taxation. Accessed February 4, 2014.
  228. ^ab2013 Municipal Budget Resolution, TomAbbott.net. Accessed February 4, 2014.
  229. ^Prosnitz, Howard."Teaneck Council approves $65M budget",Teaneck Suburbanite, May 18, 2011. Accessed November 18, 2011. "The owner of the average house in Teaneck assessed at $465,300 will pay $3,946 in municipal taxes in 2011, an increase of $111 over 2010."
  230. ^Aberback, Brian; and Sheingold, David."Teaneck's seismic tax shift"Archived 2012-11-03 at theWayback Machine,The Record, February 13, 2007. Accessed March 5, 2009.
  231. ^Superville, Denisa. R."Teaneck looks to ease tax-appeal pain",The Record, March 13, 2013. Accessed August 13, 2013. "The township is counting on state permission to spread the payment of about $2.2 million in tax appeal judgments over three years and avoid hitting homeowners with a much greater tax increase this year. ... Tax appeals are proving to be extremely nettlesome to the township: Between 2012 and 2013, the borough's ratables declined to $5.91 billion from $6.02 billion, largely as a result of reduced assessments from successful tax appeals."
  232. ^Burrow, Megan."Teaneck approves revaluation contract",Teaneck Suburbanite, August 29, 2013. Accessed February 4, 2014. "After paying nearly $2.2 million in tax appeal refunds this year, the Teaneck Council awarded a $712,470 contract last week to Appraisal Systems Inc., which will perform a revaluation of properties in town next year.... But because of the number of properties in town and inspection requirements, the township has informed the county Board of Taxation it will not be able to complete the revaluation by the Oct. 1 deadline and requested an extension to Oct. 1, 2014 for the tax year of 2015."
  233. ^abTaxpayers' Guide to Education Spending 2013,New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 19, 2013.
  234. ^Aberback, Brian."Teaneck school board OKs budget cuts"Archived 2012-11-03 at theWayback Machine,The Record, May 18, 2006. Accessed March 5, 2009.
  235. ^Ax, Joseph."Teaneck Council slashes $1 million from school budget"Archived 2012-11-03 at theWayback Machine,The Record, May 13, 2009. Accessed September 30, 2009. "The Township Council on Tuesday formally cut $1 million from the defeated $94.8 million school budget. "
  236. ^Prosnitz, Howard."Teaneck cuts $6M from school budget",Teaneck Suburbanite, May 20, 2010. Accessed December 9, 2011. "The council cut the defeated $95 million school budget by more than $6.1 million, eliminating five assistant principals, several curriculum supervisors and staff development coordinators. In all, approximately 40 positions were cut, on top of 20 that had previously been eliminating by the Board of Education."
  237. ^Prosnitz, Howard."Teaneck's BOE cuts $6.1 million from budget",Teaneck Suburbanite, June 20, 2010. Accessed December 9, 2011. "More than a hundred persons, including parents, current and former Teaneck High School students and teachers wearing union T-shirts, were present at the special board of education meeting on June 2, at which the board voted 8–0 to cut $6.1 million from the 2010–11 school budget.... A total of 77 positions were eliminated, including the director of School/Community Relations, two librarian/media specialists, two curriculum supervisors, the manager of information systems, three secretaries, three maintenance workers and 21 paraprofessionals."
  238. ^About, Teaneck Public Schools. Accessed July 1, 2025.
  239. ^Teaneck Board of Education District Bylaw 0110 - Identification, Teaneck Public Schools, adopted March 14, 2013. Accessed July 1, 2025. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-Kindergarten through twelve in the Teaneck School District. Composition: The Teaneck School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Teaneck."
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  242. ^Bryant Elementary School, Teaneck Public Schools. Accessed July 1, 2025.
  243. ^Theodora Smiley Lacey Elementary School, Teaneck Public Schools. Accessed July 1, 2025.
  244. ^Hawthorne Elementary School, Teaneck Public Schools. Accessed July 1, 2025.
  245. ^Lowell Elementary School, Teaneck Public Schools. Accessed July 1, 2025.
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  253. ^New Jersey School Directory for the Teaneck Public Schools,New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.
  254. ^Stancavish, Don."For Teaneck's Longfellow School, a day of history and sadness",The Record, May 23, 1998. Accessed November 21, 2023, viaNewspapers.com.
  255. ^"Reopening New Jersey: School named after civil rights icon holds grand opening ceremony",WABC-TV, September 17, 2020. Accessed November 21, 2023. "The Theodora Smiley Lacey School houses nine kindergarten classrooms, servicing about 180 students."
  256. ^abTaxpayers' Guide to Education Spending: Introduction – 2013,New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 19, 2013.
  257. ^abTaxpayers' Guide to Education Spending May 2011: State Average for All Operating Types,New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 19, 2013.
  258. ^2010 NCLB Report for Teaneck High SchoolArchived 2014-08-28 at theWayback Machine,New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 22, 2011.
  259. ^District information for Teaneck Community Charter School,National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed November 1, 2019.
  260. ^"Department of Education Continues Aggressive Oversight of Charter Schools to Ensure Students are Getting Results",New Jersey Department of Education, March 2, 2012. Accessed March 2, 2012.
  261. ^About TCCS, Teaneck Community Charter School. Accessed December 22, 2011.
  262. ^Ax, Joseph."Charter school plan killed",The Record, April 16, 2010. Accessed December 22, 2011. "The town's only charter school, the Teaneck Community Charter School, serves students fromKindergarten througheighth grade. The school's organizers had planned to house it in a rented space on Palisade Avenue formerly occupied by the Teaneck Community Charter School, which moved into a new building on Chestnut Avenue last fall."
  263. ^Taxpayers' Guide to Education Spending May 2011 for the Teaneck Community Charter School,New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 22, 2011.
  264. ^About UsArchived October 14, 2013, at theWayback Machine,Bergen County Technical Schools. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  265. ^AdmissionsArchived 2013-12-07 at theWayback Machine,Bergen County Technical Schools. Accessed December 18, 2013.
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  267. ^Metropolitan Campus > About the CampusArchived October 2, 2013, at theWayback Machine,Fairleigh Dickinson University. Accessed December 22, 2011.
  268. ^About TABCArchived 2013-12-19 at theWayback Machine,Torah Academy of Bergen County. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  269. ^Schwartz, Bracha."Tabc Doubling In Size",The Jewish Link of Bergen County, May 2, 2013. Accessed December 18, 2013. "When the students of Torah Academy of Bergen County (TABC) start the 2013–14 school year, they will enter a building that doubled in size over the summer.... The cost is estimated at $8 million and $2.6 million has been raised."
  270. ^Schwartz, Bracha."TABC Chanukat HaBayit in Time For Chanukah",The Jewish Link of Bergen County, November 28, 2013. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  271. ^Palmer, Joanne (November 17, 2016)."Sinai to open new school".Jewish Standard.
  272. ^Welcome,Ma'ayanot Yeshiva High School. Accessed December 22, 2011.
  273. ^Pinzow, Anne Phyllis (June 25, 2015)."'Soft' Commercial Building Boom Hits Teaneck".jewishlinknj.com. RetrievedJune 2, 2022.
  274. ^Kessler, E.J. (March 14, 2018)."Embraced by low-tuition Jewish schools, 'blended learning' now catching on more widely".Jewish Telegraphic Agency. RetrievedJune 2, 2022.
  275. ^Rosenberg, Michal."Yeshivat He’Atid Looks to the Future",Jewish Link, July 1, 2021. Accessed June 2, 2022. "The school brought its novel approach to the Bergen County community in 2012, starting out with 116 students—just six classes—in a rented space in Bergenfield. When He’Atid moved into its new building five years ago, and Rav Tomer Ronen came in as head of school, that number had risen to 300 students. Now the school has doubled its numbers again, in just five years, to over 600 students and has graduated its second eighth-grade class this year."
  276. ^Chasan, Aliza."Heichal HaTorah Joins Ranks of Local High Schools",The Jewish Link of Bergen County, August 9, 2013. Accessed December 18, 2013. "Heichal HaTorah opens in Teaneck at the start of this upcoming academic year with 17 students who are making the most of it.... The school will be located in the Teaneck Jewish Center which is already outfitted with classrooms, laboratories, a gym and a pool."
  277. ^Neff, Andrew (May 9, 2009)."From Bear Stearns to Bava Metzia".Aish.com. RetrievedJanuary 4, 2024.
  278. ^Facts & Highlights,Community School, Teaneck, New Jersey. Accessed February 4, 2014.
  279. ^Spence, Rebecca."Families Mourn as School Abruptly Closes",The Jewish Daily Forward, August 29, 2007. Accessed August 29, 2007. "Less than two weeks before the Metropolitan Schechter High School in Teaneck, N.J., was set to begin the academic year, the board announced to a shocked audience of parents, teachers and students that the school had not met its fundraising goals and would therefore be forced close its doors for good."
  280. ^Burrow, Megan."Al-Ghazaly Elementary School in Teaneck readies for opening",Teaneck Suburbanite, August 29, 2013. Accessed December 19, 2013. "Iman El-Dessouky, a board member at Al-Ghazaly School, said the change was precipitated when the school secured a bigger building for its high school students in Wayne.... Originally, El-Dessouky said, the school planned to use the Teaneck campus for pre-kindergarten through first grade students, but after the school held an open house for parents and prospective students earlier this month, the board decided to expand its offerings up to third grade."
  281. ^Al-Ghazaly High School, The Islamic Education Foundation of New Jersey. Accessed December 19, 2013.
  282. ^Contact WVNJ,WVNJ. Accessed July 17, 2008.
  283. ^Contact Us, WFDU. Accessed December 24, 2013.
  284. ^Community Center InformationArchived 2013-12-19 at theWayback Machine, Township of Teaneck. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  285. ^Senior ProgramsArchived December 19, 2013, at theWayback Machine, Township of Teaneck. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  286. ^Township Manager's 2012 Annual Report, Township of Teaneck. Accessed December 19, 2013.
  287. ^Ax, Joseph."Teaneck gives top police job to acting chief",The Record, July 3, 2008. Accessed December 19, 2013. "The 'interim' tag has been removed from the title of Police Chief Robert Wilson, one of a series of administrative moves at the police department that took effect this week."
  288. ^Prosnitz, Howard. "Council approves five new officers",Teaneck Suburbanite, June 27, 2007, p. 1.
  289. ^Ax, Joseph."Frederick Greene, first black cop in Teaneck",The Record, May 17, 2008. Accessed December 19, 2013. "But it was breaking through the color line in 1962 that remains his lasting legacy, former colleagues said."
  290. ^John Kifner,"Evidence Shows Youth's Hands Up When Teaneck Officer Killed Him",The New York Times, August 2, 1990.
  291. ^Cohen, Noah."Teaneck Police Earn National Recognition"Archived 2014-01-07 at theWayback Machine,TeaneckPatch copy of post on Teaneck web site, August 22, 2012. Accessed December 19, 2013.
  292. ^Robertson, Larry .A Brief History Of The Teaneck Fire Department, Township of Teaneck. Accessed June 19, 2025.
  293. ^Teaneck Volunteer Ambulance Corps, accessed May 8, 2011.
  294. ^Overview • History • Annual Reports • Call Statistics, Teaneck Volunteer Ambulance Corps. Accessed December 22, 2011.
  295. ^Morrison, Aaron."Korean Medical Program draws 1,500 to Holy Name Medical Center in Teaneck",The Record, September 27, 2014. Accessed December 16, 2014. "Saturday marked the seventh year that the Korean Medical Program at Holy Name Medical Center in Teaneck hosted its health festival. It drew more than 1,500 Korean-Americans, who were seen by nearly 80 Korean-speaking physicians from the tri-state area."
  296. ^Williams, Barbara."Annual Korean health fair draws crowds at Holy Name Medical Center in Teaneck",The Record, October 20, 2012. Accessed December 18, 2013. "Hundreds of Koreans, hailing from all parts of New Jersey, Manhattan and New York State, flooded Holy Name Medical Center in Teaneck on Saturday for the hospital's annual Korean Medical Program's health fair.... More than 1,000 Korean patients underwent blood tests two weeks ago — part of the hospital's massive undertaking to provide health care to uninsured or underinsured Korean residents. By 10 a.m., more than 500 people had already entered the hospital and fair organizers were expecting between 1,500 and 2,000 by the end of the day."
  297. ^Larson, Hilary."Teaneck's Youth Movement; Modern Orthodox twenty- and thirty-somethings carving out their niche in established community.",Jewish Week, August 24, 2010. Accessed December 18, 2013. "Indeed, Holy Name has outreach programs tailored to its surrounding populations; for its large observant Jewish clientele, there is a Sabbath elevator and a Sabbath family room with a fully stocked kosher lounge, and it is the only area hospital accredited by Jewish Hospice, Kates noted."
  298. ^Bergen County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction,New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  299. ^"Previous Interstate Facts of the Day", Eisenhower Interstate Highway System. Accessed December 18, 2013. "I-80 (Teaneck, New Jersey, to San Francisco, California) was the first transcontinental Interstate highway to be completed. The final segment — between Redwood Road and 5600 West in Salt Lake City, Utah — was dedicated in a ceremony on August 22, 1986."
  300. ^Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways,Federal Highway Administration. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  301. ^Interstate 80 Straight Line Diagram,New Jersey Department of Transportation, March 2010. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  302. ^Route 4 Straight Line Diagram,New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  303. ^Boards and CommissionsArchived 2013-12-19 at theWayback Machine, Township of Teaneck. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  304. ^Aberback, Brian."Teaneck road project timeline set"Archived 2012-11-03 at theWayback Machine,The Record, February 20, 2007. Accessed March 5, 2009.
  305. ^Kleimann, James."State refuses to widen Route 4 to clear bottleneck in Teaneck",NJ.com, November 13, 2013. Accessed December 18, 2013. "According to Teaneck Patch, in a letter to township officials who requested the change, the transit agency claims it doesn't have the funds available to relieve commuters of the congestion. Route 4 is only two lanes in both directions between Belle Avenue and Englewood before expanding to three lanes on each side. Between that stretch, the highway often resembles a parking lot."
  306. ^Interstate 95 / New Jersey Turnpike Straight Line Diagram,New Jersey Department of Transportation, October 2001. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  307. ^General Development Plan: The Circulation Plan, Teaneck Public Library. Accessed November 21, 2023.
  308. ^Bergen County Bus / Rail connections,New Jersey Transit, backed up by theInternet Archive as of January 11, 2010. Accessed December 22, 2011.
  309. ^Commuter RoutesArchived January 8, 2019, at theWayback Machine,Rockland Coaches. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  310. ^Available Schedules from Teaneck, NJ to New York, NY[permanent dead link],Rockland Coaches.
  311. ^Jitney Transportation Along New Jersey's Route 4 Corridor,Columbia University Urban Transportation Policy, December 2006. Accessed July 29, 2013.
  312. ^New Bridge Landing stationArchived October 16, 2013, at theWayback Machine,New Jersey Transit. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  313. ^Anderson Street stationArchived October 16, 2013, at theWayback Machine,New Jersey Transit. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  314. ^Pascack Valley LineArchived January 7, 2017, at theWayback Machine,New Jersey Transit. Accessed December 18, 2013.
  315. ^Kates, Jacqueline.The Sad Story of Trains in Teaneck[permanent dead link],New Jersey Municipalities, January 2007. Accessed December 22, 2011. "In the 1950s Teaneck residents and local businesses were well-served by 44 passenger and 40 freight trains on the West Shore line daily, but by 1959, ferry service to New York was discontinued, train ridership dropped, and passenger service was eliminated."
  316. ^Northern Branch Corridor Project,New Jersey Transit. Accessed December 22, 2011. "The Northern Branch is a freight rail line owned by CSX Transportation that runs through the Hudson and Bergen County communities of Tenafly, Englewood, Leonia, Palisades Park, Ridgefield, Fairview and North Bergen."
  317. ^Google Maps: Teaneck, NJ to EWR. Accessed March 15, 2007.
  318. ^Google Maps: Teaneck, NJ to LGA. Accessed March 15, 2007.
  319. ^Google Maps: Teaneck, NJ to JFK. Accessed March 15, 2007.
  320. ^Google Maps: Teaneck, NJ to TEB. Accessed March 15, 2007.

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