 | This article needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2011) |
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| Team information | ||
|---|---|---|
| UCI code | THR | |
| Registered | USA | |
| Founded | 1989 (1989) | |
| Disbanded | 2011 (2011) | |
| Discipline | Road | |
| Status | UCI ProTeam | |
| Bicycles | Specialized | |
| Key personnel | ||
| General manager | Bob Stapleton | |
| Team name history | ||
1989 1990 1991–2003 2004–2007 2007–2008 2008 2009 2010 2011 | Stuttgart-Merckx-Gonsor Stuttgart-Mercedes-Merckx-Puma Team Telekom T-Mobile Team Team High Road Team Columbia Team Columbia–High Road Team Columbia–HTC Team HTC–Columbia HTC–Highroad | |
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HTC–Highroad (UCI team code:THR) was a former professionalcycling team competing in internationalroad bicycle races. Their last title sponsor wasHTC Corporation, a Taiwanese manufacturer of smartphones but dissolved at the end of the 2011 season from a failure to find a new sponsor.[1] High Road Sports was the management company of team managerBob Stapleton. Past title sponsors includeColumbia Sportswear andDeutsche Telekom.
The team was founded in 1991 asTeam Telekom, sponsored by Deutsche Telekom. In 2004 their name changed to theT-Mobile Team. The team was under the management ofBob Stapleton andRolf Aldag. Former leaders includedOlaf Ludwig,Walter Godefroot and Eddy Vandenhecke (managers), Luuc Eisenga (spokesperson) andBrian Holm, Valerio Piva (sports directors).
At the end of 1988, former World ChampionHennie Kuiper set up a Germancycling team that was sponsored by the city ofStuttgart and rode onEddy Merckx Cycles. The team was calledStuttgart-Merckx-Gonsor for the 1989 season and had nine riders (which includedUdo Bölts). At that time when there were no German cycling teams and the country's main cycling event, theRund um den Henninger Turm had not been won by a German since Rudi Altig in 1970. During its first year of existence team riderDariusc Kajzer brought the team its first success in the National Road Race Championships in Germany. The team becameStuttgart-Mercedes-Merckx-Puma in 1990 and Bölts continued the success of the team by becoming road race champion of Germany.
Deutsche Telekom came in as the main sponsor in 1991 and the team was known asTelekom-Mercedes-Merckx-Puma.[2] According to an interview with Godefroot, it was Bölts’ 17th place at the1991 Vuelta a España that prompted him to accept the Telekom management's offer to take over the running of the team. Godefroot signed several riders including Classics specialist and 1991Paris–Roubaix winnerMarc Madiot. Bölts who was involved with the team since its beginnings in 1989 would stay with the team until 2003, continued building on the successes of the team by winning stage 19, the Queen stage of the1992 Giro d'Italia. Jens Heppner continued this streak with his overall tenth place at the1992 Tour de France.[3]
The Telekom team signed all the promising cyclists that were coming from Germany at that time and who were becoming successful. These includedJens Heppner andChristian Henn in 1992,Erik Zabel,Rolf Aldag andSteffen Wesemann in 1993 andJan Ullrich in 1994. Many of these riders would ride for more than ten years with the team.Olaf Ludwig also signed in 1993 and finished his career with the team. In 1994, Zabel won the firstUCI Road World Cup victory in the history of the team, theParis–Tours.
In 1993, the team again achieved success in the national championship road race in Germany. This was the start of the team's 11 year domination and possession of the German champion's jersey. Many of the successful team riders that spent many years of their career with Telekom would become German national champions – Bernd Gröne in 1993, Jens Heppner in 1994, Bölts in 1990, 1995 and 1999, Christian Henn in 1996, Jan Ullrich in 1997 and 2001, Erik Zabel in 1998 and 2003, Rolf Aldag in 2000, Danilo Hondo in 2002 and finally Andreas Klöden in 2004.
The team soon became an important presence on the international cycling stage. However the team was not invited to the1995 Tour de France. Eventually the organisers of the Tour agreed that six Telekom members, namely Rolf Aldag, Udo Bölts, Jens Heppner, Vladimir Pulnikov, Erik Zabel and Olaf Ludwig would join with three members of the ZG Mobili to form a composite team. Zabel went on to win two stages in the race.
The next two years saw the international breakthrough of the team. Godefroot brought in theDanish rider,Bjarne Riis, the third-place finisher of the 1995 Tour and he went on to win the1996 Tour de France, with the then 22-year-old German support riderJan Ullrich finishing in second place. In addition, Zabel won the first of six green jerseys for winning the points competition. Bolts won the Clásica de San Sebastián and Wesemann won his second and the first of four wins with the Telekom team of thePeace Race.
The1997 Tour de France saw the emergence of Ullrich as he won the race with support from Riis, who in turn had won the World Cup race,Amstel Gold Race earlier in 1997. Team Telekom also won the team classification, as the overall strongest team of the 1997 Tour. In addition, Bolts won theCritérium du Dauphiné Libéré, Zabel wonMilan–San Remo for the first of four times with the team. Ullrich also won the Championships of Hamburg semi-classic. The following year this race was elevated to the status of World Cup. In addition the Deutschland Tour returned in 1999 – evidence of the continuing popularity of cycling in Germany at the time. While Ullrich had a crash in the race and was forced to retire, Team Telekom did win the first edition of the race with Heppner and would win the race again withAlexander Vinokourov in 2001.
Ullrich finished second in the1998 Tour de France but went on to win the 1999Vuelta a España, although he missed the1999 Tour de France due to a knee injury. After winning the Vuelta, Ullrich became World time trial champion which enabled him to wear the rainbow jersey during time trials. He would win this again in 2001. The next year, Zabel won the overall World Cup victory, having won the Milan–San Remo and Amstel Gold Race, while Ullrich was placed second again in the2000 Tour de France toLance Armstrong. Ullrich won the gold medal in the Olympic road race and the silver medal in the Olympic time trial. In 2001, Zabel won Milan–San Remo for the fourth time. Ullrich came in second in the2001 Tour de France, while Zabel won six stages combined in the 2001 Tour and Vuelta.Kazakh riderAlexander Vinokourov won theParis–Nice stage race in 2002, a feat he would duplicate in 2003, also winning the Amstel Gold Race andTour de Suisse that year. As Ullrich left the team to formTeam Bianchi in 2003, Vinokourov became team leader for the2003 Tour de France. He finished in third place, just below the second placed Ullrich. Zabel won the 2003 Paris–Tours, while Italian riderDaniele Nardello took theZüri-Metzgete.
The team had a continuous presence at the top of the professional peloton and continued to sign the emerging German cyclists of the times includingAndreas Klöden in 1998,Jörg Jaksche in 1999, Matthias Kessler in 2000 and Stefan Schumacher in 2002. In addition, the team also signed many successful non-German riders such asGeorg Totschnig,Alexander Vinokourov,Cadel Evans,Santiago Botero andPaolo Savoldelli.
In 2005 a film titledHell on Wheels was released. It is a record of the 100th anniversary (but only the 90th running because of World War I and World War II) of the 2003 Tour de France in from the perspective of the then-Team Telekom.[4]
From 2004, the team changed its name toT-Mobile. Jan Ullrich returned to the team. The team achieved a great number of success, among which wasSteffen Wesemann's win in theTour of Flanders. Coming up to the2004 Tour de France, Kloden became German road race champion and Ullrich won theTour de Suisse and raced the2004 Tour de France as team leader, while Vinokourov did not ride the Tour de France for the team. Jan Ullrich finished fourth, whileAndreas Klöden was the best placed rider of the team in second place. T-Mobile Team won the team classification, as the overall strongest team of the 2004 Tour. In the spring season of 2005, Vinokourov won theLiège–Bastogne–Liège classic race. Ullrich, as the team leader, finished 3rd overall in the2005 Tour de France. Alexander Vinokourov rode in support, and finished fifth as he won two stages, including the final stage on theChamps-Élysées. Italian riderGiuseppe Guerini also won a stage and T-Mobile Team matched their 2004 feat by once again winning the team classification in 2005. Zabel won theParis–Tours for the third time at the end of the season.
In July 2005, during the 2005 Tour, Vinokourov's contract was running out and speculation was abundant if he was to stay with T-Mobile. With four days left of the 2005 Tour, he made an announcement that he would leave the team to pursue his own chances of winning the Tour de France as a team captain[5] and after the Tour he joined theLiberty Seguros team.[6] After 13 years with Team Telekom and T-Mobile Team, Erik Zabel also left in 2005 to ride for the newly formedTeam Milram.[7] Before the 2006 season, Walter Godefroot stepped down and Olaf Ludwig became the new T-Mobile team manager.
In the most controversial scandal since the1998 tour, thirteen riders were expelled from the2006 Tour de France stemming froma Spanish doping scandal, on the eve of Strasbourg prologue to the 93rd edition. Jan Ullrich, one of the favorites to win the race, was among those excluded from the Tour. Another T-Mobile rider,Óscar Sevilla, was also expelled, leaving the team starting with only seven riders.
On July 9, the team announced the dismissal of its sporting director, Rudy Pevenage, for his implication with former Tour de France winner Jan Ullrich in a Spanishblood doping scandal. "The contract linking T-Mobile to Pevenage has been retrospectively stopped on June 30", the team's general manager, Olaf Ludwig, said.[8]
On July 21, 2006, T-Mobile fired Jan Ullrich from the team pending the doping investigation.[9]
At the2006 Tour de France, T-Mobile won the team classification for the third consecutive year,Andreas Klöden reached the podium (3rd place) for the second time,Matthias Kessler won Stage 3,Serhiy Honchar won twoindividual time trials (Stages 7 and 19) and wore theyellow jersey for 3 days (after Stages 7–9).
After the Tour de France, the team changed significantly; team manager,Olaf Ludwig left the team and was replaced byBob Stapleton.Rolf Aldag,Allan Peiper andTristan Hoffman becamedirecteur sportifs. As already discussed Ullrich, Sevilla and Pevenage were dismissed from the team. Several riders who had been with the team for a long time such asSteffen Wesemann,Andreas Klöden andMatthias Kessler left. However, the reason is unclear. Jörg Ludewig was put on suspension and his contract was not increased in connection with intention to dope previously in his career and before he joined T-Mobile.Eddy Mazzoleni who was in his first year for the team also left. The contracts of Bram Schmitz and Bas Giling were not renewed.[10] Dr. Lothar Heinrich, the team doctor since 1995, and Dr. Andreas Schmid set up a new comprehensive testing system. Following the revelations that came out of the Operación Puerto investigation, Heinrich allegedly nearly quit the sport but instead he joined with Stapleton and other team staff to create a new system of internal controls and health checks that he insisted would demonstrate that T-Mobile riders were clean and to restore credibility to the sport.[11]
In May 2007, several former riders admitted to using banned substances (includingEPO) while riding for the team in the mid-1990s, includingErik Zabel,Rolf Aldag,Brian Holm,[12]Bjarne Riis,[13] Bert Dietz,Udo Bölts andChristian Henn including the seasons in which Riis and Ullrich won the Tour de France.[14] Team doctors Andreas Schmid and Lothar Heinrich also confessed to participating and administering banned substances. The latter was Team Telekom's sporting director until May 3, 2007, when he was suspended following allegations published in former team member Jef d'Hont's book.[15] Jef d'Hont had worked as a massage therapist for Team Telekom in 1992–96, and revealed in his book how the doping system had been organized at the team, throughout those years.[16]
In an effort to present a renewed image the team brought a young team to the2007 Tour de France, and promoted a drug-free attitude and image. Despite this, team memberPatrik Sinkewitz tested positive for elevated testosterone during a training camp.[17] The test results were only announced when Sinkewitz had dropped out of the Tour because of injury. He was still in hospital when he was suspended from Team T-Mobile, and was dismissed on July 31, 2007.
In November 2007, Deutsche Telekom AG announced that it was to end sponsorship of professional cycling with immediate effect. The team continued under the name "Team High Road" through June 2008.[18] The team changed nationality in February 2008, switching from Germany to the United States.[19]The team continued due to the funding from the team owner, Bob Stapleton, as the team did not have enough time to gather sponsors for the new year. The team had a successful start to the year with Luxembourg rider,Kim Kirchen winning the classic La Flèche Wallonne. Results like this and also High-Road's performance at theGiro d'Italia helped the team secure a sponsor for the end of the year.
On June 15, 2008Columbia Sportswear announced a three-year sponsorship of the team beginning on July 5, the start of theTour de France, changing the name to "Team Columbia". The sponsorship included both the men's and women's teams.[20] The team went on to have a highly successful Tour, winning 5 stages (four of which went to British sprinterMark Cavendish) and team leaderKim Kirchen lead theoverall classification for four days and thepoints competition for three.
On June 29, 2009HTC announced a three-year sponsorship of the team beginning with the 2009Tour de France.[21] The team's new name was "Team Columbia–HTC." Like theColumbia Sportswear sponsorship, the HTC sponsorship included both the men's and women's teams. The team enjoyed great success at the2009 Tour de France withMark Cavendish winning 6 stages over the course of the 3 weeks. The most memorable of these was his victory on theChamps-Élysées in Paris where he won by a huge margin; almost 30m, with his own lead out man,Mark Renshaw having enough time to come in 2nd with his arms raised. A documentary film calledChasing Legends was later released that covered the 2009 tour through the eyes of HTC–Columbia.
August proved a very good month for Norwegian all-rounderEdvald Boasson Hagen, with two stage wins and a podium finish in theTour of Poland and two more stage wins and the GC win in theEneco Tour. After stage wins in the other two Grand Tours of 2009, it took the team only three days to win yet another in theVuelta, whereGregory Henderson took home the flowers.
Despite its many successes, Team Columbia did not seem to be able to afford as many top riders as they had, and due to their many victories, a lot of riders were targeted by other teams for the 2010 season. Notable riders such asKim Kirchen,Edvald Boasson Hagen,Michael Barry,George Hincapie andThomas Lövkvist elected to leave the team. As replacements, a lot of young talented riders, such asJan Ghyselinck, Rasmus Guldhammer andMartin andPeter Velits were contracted.
On October 17, 2010, Team Columbia HTC announced a tie up withSpecialized for 2011. Specialized would supply the team's frames, forks, and helmets. The men would race the S-Works Tarmac for most road races, the S-Works Roubaix for cobbled classics, and the Shiv TT in time trials. The all-new S-Works Prevail and TT3 helmets would protect the riders in road and TT applications, respectively.[22]
On August 4, 2011, General Manager, Bob Stapleton announced that Team HTC–Highroad were to fold at the end of the2011 season after failing to find a new sponsor.[1]
The team's final event was theChrono des Nations, in October 2011. The men's and women's teams both finished with victories, Tony Martin winning the men's 48 km time trial, while Amber Neben won the women's 20 km event. This gave the team 121 victories in its final year.[23]
HTC–Highroad was voted 2011 Team of the Year by Cyclingnews.com,[24] and won the Best Team and Best Women's Team awards at the Velonews awards for 2011.[25]
German Road Race,Dariusz Kajzer German Road Race,Udo Bölts German Road Race,Jens Heppner German Road Race,Udo Bölts German Time Trial,Jan Ullrich
Danish Road Race,Bjarne Riis Danish Time Trial,Bjarne Riis
Austrian Road Race,Georg Totschnig Austrian Time Trial,Georg Totschnig German Road Race,Jan Ullrich German Road Race,Erik Zabel
UCI World Champion Time Trial,Jan Ullrich German Road Race,Udo Bölts German Road Race,Rolf Aldag German Road Race,Jan Ullrich UCI World Champion Time Trial,Jan Ullrich
Kazakhstan Road Race,Andrey Mizurov German Road Race,Danilo Hondo German Road Race,Erik Zabel German Road Race,Andreas Klöden Kazakhstan Road Race,Alexander Vinokourov
Russian Road Race,Sergei Ivanov Austrian Road Race,Bernhard Kohl German Time Trial,Bert Grabsch
Italian Time Trial,Marco Pinotti
Australian Time Trial,Adam Hansen
Norwegian Time Trial,Edvald Boasson Hagen
Luxembourg Time Trial,Kim Kirchen Italian Time Trial,Marco Pinotti
Czech Time Trial,František Raboň German Time Trial,Bert Grabsch UCI World Champion Time Trial,Bert Grabsch Australian Time Trial,Michael Rogers Italian Time Trial,Marco Pinotti Norwegian Time Trial,Edvald Boasson Hagen Czech Time Trial,František Raboň Luxembourg Time Trial,Kim Kirchen German Time Trial,Bert Grabsch
Belgian Time Trial,Maxime Monfort
US Road Race,George Hincapie
Belarusian Time Trial,Kanstantsin Sivtsov German Time Trial,Tony Martin Italian Time Trial,Marco Pinotti
Latvian Road Race,Aleksejs Saramotins
Slovak Time Trial,Martin Velits
New Zealand Road Race,Hayden Roulston Belarusian Time Trial,Kanstantsin Sivtsov German Time Trial,Bert Grabsch
Irish Road Race,Matthew Brammeier Irish Time Trial,Matthew Brammeier Latvian Time Trial,Gatis Smukulis UCI World Road Race,Mark Cavendish
