Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Taxodium

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of conifers

Taxodium
Temporal range:Late Cretaceous–Present
Bald cypress forest
in a centralMississippi lake
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Gymnospermae
Division:Pinophyta
Class:Pinopsida
Order:Cupressales
Family:Cupressaceae
Subfamily:Taxodioideae
Genus:Taxodium
Rich.
Type species
Taxodium distichum
(L.)Rich.
Species
Synonyms
  • Schubertiade Mirbel 1812 non Mart. 1824 non Blume 1826
  • CuprespinnataNelson

Taxodium/tækˈsdiəm/[1] is agenus of one to threespecies (depending ontaxonomic opinion) of extremelyflood-tolerantconifers in the cypress family,Cupressaceae. The name is derived from theLatin wordtaxus, meaning "yew", and theGreek wordεἶδος (eidos), meaning "similar to."[2] Within the family,Taxodium is most closely related toChinese swamp cypress (Glyptostrobus pensilis) andsugi (Cryptomeria japonica).

Species ofTaxodium occur in the southern part of theNorth American continent and aredeciduous in the north and semi-evergreen toevergreen in the south. They are largetrees, reaching 100–150 ft (30–46 m) tall and 6.5–10 ft (2–3 m) (exceptionally 36 ft or 11 m) trunk diameter. The needle-likeleaves, 0.2–0.8 in (0.5–2 cm) long, are borne spirally on theshoots, twisted at the base so as to appear in two flat rows on either side of the shoot. Thecones are globose, 0.8–1.4 in (2–3.5 cm) diameter, with 10–25 scales, each scale with one or twoseeds; they are mature in 7–9 months afterpollination, when they disintegrate to release the seeds. The male (pollen) cones are produced in pendulousracemes, and shed their pollen in early spring.Taxodium species growcypress knees, when growing in or beside water. The function of these knees is currently a subject of ongoing research.

Species

[edit]

The three extanttaxa ofTaxodium are treated here as distinct species, though somebotanists treat them in just one or two species, with the others considered as varieties of the first described. The three are distinct inecology, growing in different environments, buthybridise where they meet.

ImageNameCommon nameDistribution
Taxodium ascendensBrongn.pond cypressOccurs within the range of bald cypress, but only on the southeastern coastal plain fromNorth Carolina toLouisiana. It occurs in stillblackwater rivers, ponds and swamps withoutsilt-rich flood deposits.
Taxodium distichum(L.)Rich.bald cypressNative to much of thesoutheasternUnited States, fromDelaware toTexas, especiallyLouisiana and inland up theMississippi River to southernIndiana. It occurs mainly along rivers with silt-rich flood deposits.
Taxodium mucronatumTen.Montezuma cypress, ahuehuete, sabinoOccurs from the LowerRio Grande Valley south to the highlands ofGuatemala, and differs from the other two species in being substantially evergreen. A specimen inSanta María del Tule, Oaxaca, theÁrbol del Tule, is 43 m (141 ft) tall and has the greatest trunk thickness of all trees, 11.42 m (37.5 ft) in diameter. It is ariparian tree, occurring on the banks of streams and rivers, not in swamps like the bald and pond cypresses.

Formerly placed here

[edit]

Uses

[edit]
Cypress knees at low water, Wee Tee Lake, South Carolina

The trees are especially prized for theirwood, of which theheartwood is extremelyrot- andtermite-resistant. The heartwood contains asesquiterpene called cypressene,[4] which acts as a naturalpreservative. It takes decades for cypressene to accumulate in the wood, so lumber taken fromold-growth trees is more rot resistant than that from second-growth trees.[5] However, age also increases susceptibility to Pecky Rot fungus (Stereumtaxodii), which attacks the heartwood and causes some damaged trees to become hollow and thus useless for timber. Bald Cypress wood was much used in former days in the southeastern United States forroof shingles.[6] The shreddedbark of these trees is used as amulch.

Evolution

[edit]
Fossil leaf ofTaxodium dubium, 8 Mil. years old, Hambach lignite open pit mine, Germany

In earth's historyTaxodium was much more widespread in the Northern Hemisphere than today.[7] The oldest fossils were found inLate Cretaceous deposits from North America. The trees persisted in Europe until around 2.5 million years ago, during thePliocene.[8]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  2. ^Everett, Thomas H. (1982).The New York Botanical Garden Illustrated Encyclopedia of Horticulture. Vol. 10. Taylor & Francis. p. 3299.ISBN 978-0-8240-7240-7.
  3. ^"GRIN Species Records ofTaxodium".Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved2010-11-30.
  4. ^Buchanan, M. A. (1965-10-07)."The Fatty Materials in Southern Cypress Wood"(PDF). Institute of Paper Chemistry: 3. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved2009-10-11.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
  5. ^Sternberg, Guy; James Wesley Wilson (2004).Native trees for North American landscapes: from the Atlantic to the Rockies. Timber Press. p. 476.ISBN 978-0-88192-607-1.
  6. ^Toliver, L. P.; Wilhite, J. R. (1990)."Taxodium distichum". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).Conifers.Silvics of North America. Vol. 1.Washington, D.C.:United States Forest Service (USFS),United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved2009-10-11 – via Southern Research Station.
  7. ^McNair, D.M.; D.Z. Stults; B. Axsmith; M.H. Alford; J.E. Starnes (2019)."Preliminary investigation of a diverse megafossil floral assemblage from the middle Miocene of southern Mississippi, USA"(PDF).Palaeontologia Electronica.22 (2).doi:10.26879/906.
  8. ^Eckenwalder, James E. (14 November 2009).Conifers of the World. Timber Press. p. 591.ISBN 978-0-88192-974-4.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toTaxodium.
Wikispecies has information related toTaxodium.
Classification ofAcrogymnospermae (livingGymnosperms)
Ginkgoidae
Ginkgoales
Ginkgoaceae
Cycadidae
Cycadales
Cycadaceae
Zamiaceae
Diooideae
Zamioideae
Pinidae
Gnetales
Ephedraceae
Gnetaceae
Welwitschiaceae
Pinales
Pinaceae
Abietoideae
Pinoideae
Araucariales
Araucariaceae
Podocarpaceae
Phyllocladoideae
Podocarpoideae
Cupressales
Sciadopityaceae
Taxaceae
Cephalotaxeae
Taxoideae
Cupressaceae
Cunninghamioideae
Taiwanioideae
Athrotaxidoideae
Sequoioideae
Taxodioideae
Callitroideae
Cupressoideae
ExtantCupressaceae species
SubfamilyAthrotaxidoideae
Athrotaxis
SubfamilyCallitroideae
Actinostrobus
Austrocedrus
Callitris
Diselma
Fitzroya
Libocedrus
Neocallitropsis
Papuacedrus
Pilgerodendron
Widdringtonia
SubfamilyCunninghamioideae
Cunninghamia
SubfamilyCupressoideae
Callitropsis
Calocedrus
Chamaecyparis
Cupressus
Hesperocyparis
Fokienia
Juniperus
SectionJuniperus
SectionSabina
Microbiota
Platycladus
Tetraclinis
Thuja
Thujopsis
Xanthocyparis
SubfamilySequoioideae
Metasequoia
Sequoia
Sequoiadendron
SubfamilyTaiwanioideae
Taiwania
SubfamilyTaxodioideae
Cryptomeria
Glyptostrobus
Taxodium
Taxodium
Authority control databases: NationalEdit this at Wikidata
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taxodium&oldid=1248246972"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp