Tarafa | |
|---|---|
| Born | Tarafa ibn al-‘Abd ibn Sufyān ibn Sa‘d Abū ‘Amr al-Bakrī al-Wā’ilī c. 543 |
| Died | c. 569 Bahrain, Arabia |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Language | Arabic |
| Nationality | Arabian |
| Period | Pre-Islamic |
| Genre | Panegyrics, Satire |
| Notable works | Mu'allaqat |
Tarafa (Arabic:طرفة بن العبد بن سفيان بن سعد أبو عمرو البكري الوائلي /ALA-LC:Ṭarafah ibn al-‘Abd ibn Sufyān ibn Sa‘d Abū ‘Amr al-Bakrī al-Wā’ilī; 543–569), was anArabian poet of the tribe of theBakr. He is one of the seven poets of the most celebrated anthology ofancientArabic poetry, known as theMuʿallaqāt, however just one of his poems is included. His fellow poets preserved in this work areAl-Nabigha,Antarah ibn Shaddad,Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma,'Alqama ibn 'Abada andImru' al-Qais.
Ṭarafah was the half-brother or nephew of the elegistAl-Khirniq bint Badr.[1] He traveled with his uncleAl-Mutalammis to the court of the king of Al-Hirah, ʿAmr ibn Hind, and there became companion to the king's brother. According to one legend, having ridiculed the king in some verses he was sent with a letter to the ruler of Bahrayn, and, in accordance with the instructions contained in the letter, was buried alive.[2]
Tarafa's bitter tongue was destined to cost him dear.
Fatigued and disgusted by the rigid ceremony of the court, heimprovised a satire in which he said:-
- "Would that we had instead of 'Amr
- A milch-ewe bleating round our tent"
Shortly afterwards he happened to be seated at table opposite the king's sister. Struck with her beauty, he exclaimed:-
- "Behold, she has come back to me,
- My fair gazelle whose ear-rings shine;
- Had not the king been sitting here,
- I would have pressed her lips to mine !"
'Amr b. Hind was a man of violent and implacable temper. Tarafa's satire had already been reported to him, and this new impertinence added fuel to his wrath. Sending for Tarafa and Mutalammis, he granted them leave to visit their homes, and gave to each of them a sealed letter addressed to the governor ofBahrayn. When they had passed outside the city the suspicions of Mutalammis were aroused. As neither he nor his companion could read, he handed his own letter to a boy ofHira and learned that it contained orders to bury him alive. Thereupon he flung the treacherous missive into the stream and implored Tarafa to do likewise. Tarafa refused to break the royal seal. He continued his journey to Bahrayn, where he was thrown into prison and executed.[3]
— Nicholson, A literary history of the Arabs
While some of his poems have been translated intoLatin with notes byB. Vandenhoff (Berlin, 1895),[5] both Tharafa and the poet Imru al-Qais were not included byTheodor Nöldeke in hisFünf Moallaqat, übersetzt und erklärt (Vienna, 1899-1901).
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tarafa".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 415. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Thatcher, Griffithes Wheeler (1911). "Tarafa". InChisholm, Hugh (ed.).Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 415.| International | |
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