Taoyuan City 桃園市[I] | |
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| Coordinates:24°59′28.6″N121°18′51.58″E / 24.991278°N 121.3143278°E /24.991278; 121.3143278 | |
| Country |  Republic of China (Taiwan) |
| Seat | Taoyuan District |
| Districts | |
| Government | |
| • Body | |
| • Mayor | Chang San-cheng (KMT) |
| Area | |
| 1,220.95 km2 (471.41 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 1,140 km2 (440 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 14 of 22 |
| Population (March 2023)[3] | |
| 2,293,509 | |
| • Rank | 5 of 22 |
| • Density | 1,878.46/km2 (4,865.20/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 8,535,000 |
| • Urban density | 7,490/km2 (19,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (National Standard Time) |
| Postal code | 320-338 |
| ISO 3166 code | TW-TAO |
| Bird | Formosan blue magpie (Urocissa caerulea) |
| Flower | Peach blossom |
| Tree | Peach tree |
| Website | www (in English) |
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| Taoyuan City | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 桃園市 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 桃园市 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Taoyuan[I] (/ˌtaʊjuːˈɛn/) is aspecial municipality located in northwesternTaiwan, neighboringNew Taipei City to the north-east,Yilan County to the south-east, andHsinchu County to the south-west.Taoyuan District is the seat of the municipal government and which, along withZhongli District, forms a largemetropolitan area. Taoyuan developed from asatellite city ofTaipei metropolitan area to become thefourth-largest metropolitan area, and fifth-largest populated city in Taiwan. "Taoyuan" literally means "peach garden" in Chinese, since the area used to have many peach trees. Formerlya county, Taoyuan became the latest new founding special municipality in 2014.
Taoyuan City is home to manyindustrial parks and tech company headquarters. Due to the city's proximity toTaipei, and the lowercost of living, Taoyuan has had the fastest population growth of any city in Taiwan in recent decades.[5] The city is also home to 116,000foreign workers, with many coming fromSoutheast Asia and working in factories or ashousehold caregivers.[6][7]Taoyuan International Airport, which serves the capital,Taipei and the rest of northern Taiwan, is located in this city.
In ancient times, the Taoyuan plateau was the home of theTaiwanese plains aborigines. In prehistory, theKetagalan people settled inNankan [zh]. In the early years ofDutch colonization,Spanish colonization, andZheng He of theMing Dynasty, there were no large-scale cultivation or industrial activities. During theQing era, a number of people fromFujian Province andGuangdong province began to immigrate into present-day Taoyuan to develop and farm the land. They planted peach trees, which, when fully bloomed in spring, were so beautiful that the people named the landToahong (Chinese:桃仔園;pinyin:Táozǐyuán;Pe̍h-ōe-jī:Thô-á-hn̂g;lit. 'peach orchard').
In November 1901,during Japanese era, a local administrative office,Toshien Chō (Japanese:桃仔園廳), was established in the area, and renamedTōen Chō (桃園廳) in 1905. In 1920, theTōen area was incorporated intoShinchiku Prefecture.
During the Japanese era, the staged migration policy caused Taoyuan to develop into a city with a variety of cultures. For example, temples and worship paths (currently theTaoyuan Martyrs Shrine) symbolized cultural systems.Butokuden (武德殿) were used to represent military systems, and the old Taoyuan City Office signified political systems.
After the transfer from Japan to the Republic of China, the present day-area of Taoyuan City was incorporated underHsinchu County. In 1950,Taoyuan County was established by separating it from Hsinchu County. On 21 April 1971,Taoyuan City was made the county seat of Taoyuan County. It had 6cities, 1urbantownship and 6rural townships.
In June 2009, theExecutive Yuan approved the plan to upgrade Taoyuan from a county to a special municipality.[8] On 25 December 2014, Taoyuan County was upgraded into aspecial municipality ofTaoyuan City (桃園市).
Taoyuan is located approximately 40 km (25 mi) southwest ofTaipei, in northern Taiwan, and occupies 1,220 km2 (470 sq mi). It is made up of low-lying plains, interconnected mountains andplateaus. Its shape has a long and narrow southeast-to-northwest trend, with the southeast in theXueshan Range and the far end on the shores of theTaiwan Strait.
There are many irrigation ponds atTaoyuan Plateau, which caused Taoyuan to earn the nickname "Thousand-pond Township" (千塘之鄉).[9]
Taoyuan has ahumid subtropical climate, with mild to warm winters and hot summers, typical of northern Taiwan.
| Climate data for Taoyuan (Taoyuan District) (2008–2020 normals, extremes 2008–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.8 (83.8) | 30.2 (86.4) | 32.6 (90.7) | 34.8 (94.6) | 36.3 (97.3) | 38.1 (100.6) | 39.0 (102.2) | 39.2 (102.6) | 39.8 (103.6) | 36.1 (97.0) | 32.9 (91.2) | 29.8 (85.6) | 39.8 (103.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.2 (72.0) | 26.1 (79.0) | 29.7 (85.5) | 32.5 (90.5) | 34.6 (94.3) | 34.1 (93.4) | 32.3 (90.1) | 28.0 (82.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 20.3 (68.5) | 27.0 (80.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) | 16.2 (61.2) | 18.2 (64.8) | 21.8 (71.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 29.9 (85.8) | 29.5 (85.1) | 27.9 (82.2) | 24.4 (75.9) | 21.6 (70.9) | 17.2 (63.0) | 22.9 (73.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) | 13.6 (56.5) | 15.1 (59.2) | 18.5 (65.3) | 22.3 (72.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 24.9 (76.8) | 21.9 (71.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 14.8 (58.6) | 20.1 (68.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) | 5.0 (41.0) | 7.7 (45.9) | 7.5 (45.5) | 13.5 (56.3) | 18.1 (64.6) | 21.5 (70.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 16.4 (61.5) | 12.5 (54.5) | 7.8 (46.0) | 6.1 (43.0) | 2.9 (37.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 88.6 (3.49) | 152.2 (5.99) | 155.6 (6.13) | 147.4 (5.80) | 214.0 (8.43) | 277.4 (10.92) | 135.9 (5.35) | 227.0 (8.94) | 167.6 (6.60) | 101.0 (3.98) | 64.1 (2.52) | 84.2 (3.31) | 1,815 (71.46) |
| Average precipitation days | 12.1 | 12.3 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 8.1 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 11.2 | 134.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 76.6 | 78.9 | 75.6 | 73.8 | 74.7 | 73.5 | 67.8 | 70.8 | 70.9 | 73.5 | 75.9 | 76.8 | 74.1 |
| Source 1: Central Weather Administration[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Atmospheric Science Research and Application Databank (precipitation 1991–2020, precipitation days and humidity 2000–2024)[11] | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1985 | 1,211,249 | — |
| 1990 | 1,355,175 | +11.9% |
| 1995 | 1,524,127 | +12.5% |
| 2000 | 1,732,617 | +13.7% |
| 2005 | 1,911,161 | +10.3% |
| 2010 | 2,002,060 | +4.8% |
| 2015 | 2,105,780 | +5.2% |
| 2020 | 2,252,835 | +7.0% |
| Source:"Populations by city and country in Taiwan".Ministry of the Interior Population Census. Archived fromthe original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved1 May 2016. | ||
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As of most of the cities and urban towns of Taiwan,Minnan people (Hoklos) are one of the largest ethnic groups of Taoyuan, most of whom live in northern Taoyuan (北桃園) which comprises the northern districts of Taoyuan, including Taoyuan city centre,Bade,Daxi,Dayuan,Guishan andLuzhu, and the city seat of government,Taoyuan District citycentre.
TheHakka are the second-largest ethnic group in the city after the Minnan ethnicity (Hoklo) who won against the Hakkas in clan wars moved to the poor mountainous regions in southern Taoyuan, most of the Hakka people live in the rural peasant village areas of southern Taoyuan (南桃園), which includesZhongli,Pingzhen,Yangmei,Longtan,Guanyin andXinwu districts. With more than 785,000 Hakka people, Taoyuan hosts the largest Hakka population among all of Taiwan's administrative divisions.
After theChinese Civil War, many people from mainland China (unaffectionately referred to as "Waishengren") settled in the then-Taoyuan County after the retreat of thenationalist government in 1949. Most of them live inmilitary dependents' villages in Zhongli, Pingzhen and Guishan.Longgang is well known for its immigrants fromYunnan, featuring many Yunnan-style restaurants.
MostTaiwanese indigenous peoples in the city live inFuxing District, with most of them belonging to theAtayal people. Outside of theFuxing District, Taoyuan is the one Special Municipality of Taiwan that has no Aboriginal populations, appearing on related maps as empty.[citation needed]
Taoyuan is one of Taiwan's top industrial and technological cities. High-tech companies includingQuanta,MiTAC,Inotera,Nanya Technology,HTC,CPT andAU Optronics have all opted to build or expand their factories in Taoyuan. Taoyuan has now become a bastion of electronics andsemiconductor manufacturing. Over 200 of Taiwan's top 500 manufacturing companies have factories in Taoyuan. Taoyuan has also led Taiwan in terms of industrial output for nine straight years.[citation needed]
There are now 29 registered industrial areas with 3,696 ha (9,130 acres) of non-urban industrial land and 3,131 ha (7,740 acres) of urban industrial land. There are over 6,827 ha (16,870 acres) of land available for factories and industrial use in the city, representing the fact that Taoyuan's development bureau is based on industry and commerce. There are also 9 sites (57 ha; 140 acres) for mixed industrial-commercial use, the most of any county and city in Taiwan.[12]
On 26 March 2010,China Airlines (Taiwan'sgovernment-owned airline) moved into its new headquarters on the grounds ofTaipei Taoyuan International Airport and inDayuan Township in Taoyuan County (now Dayuan District, Taoyuan).[13][14]EVA Air maintains its headquarters inLuzhu District.[15] Evergreen Airlines Services Corporation, Evergreen Aviation Technologies Corp., and Evergreen Air Cargo Services Corporation, subsidiaries ofEvergreen Group, are headquartered in Dayuan.[16][17][18]
On 25 December 2016, The Asia Silicon Valley Development Agency (ASVDA) was inaugurated in northern Taoyuan City, in a governmental effort to foster innovation, promote theInternet of Things (IoT) sector and attract top-class technology talent. TheAsia Silicon Valley Development Plan aimed to transform Taiwan into an R&D hub for the IoT sector as well as a global center of entrepreneurship.[19]
A formerRCA facility is located in the city. The RCA facility is the source of significanttrichloroethylene contamination.[citation needed]
TheTaoyuan City Government is the municipal government of Taoyuan. TheTaoyuan City Council is the elected municipal council of Taoyuan, the council composes of 60 councillors elected once every four years by single non-transferable vote.
In 2001,Eric Chu of theKuomintang defeatedDemocratic Progressive Party incumbent Peng Shao-Chin in the race for Taoyuan County magistrate. Peng had inherited the magistrate position afterAnnette Lu vacated the post to serve as vice president. Chu ran for re-election in 2005 and defeated DPP challenger Pao-Ching Cheng, CEO of theTaiwan Salt Company.
In 2009,John Wu of the KMT defeated his DPP opponent,Cheng Wen-tsan and became the Magistrate of Taoyuan County.
In 2014, following the upgrade of Taoyuan County to Taoyuan City,Cheng Wen-tsan of the DPP won theTaoyuan City mayoral election and became the city's first mayor.[20]
In2022 Taoyuan City mayoral election,Chang San-cheng of the KMT was elected as the new mayor.
Taoyuan City is divided into 12 municipaldistricts and 1 mountain indigenous district.[21][22][23] The city government is located withinTaoyuan District.
| Type | Name | Chinese | Taiwanese | Hakka | Formosan | Area (km2) | Population (March 2023) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Bade | 八德區 | Pat-tek | Pat-tet | 33.71 | 210,857 | |
| Daxi | 大溪區 | Tāi-khe | Thai-hâi | 105.14 | 94,549 | ||
| Dayuan | 大園區 | Tōa-hn̂g | Thai-yèn | 87.39 | 86,026 | ||
| Guanyin | 觀音區 | Koan-im | Kôn-yîm | 87.98 | 73,443 | ||
| Guishan | 龜山區 | Ku-soaⁿ | Kuî-sân | 72.01 | 174,258 | ||
| Longtan | 龍潭區 | Liông-thâm | Liùng-thâm | 75.23 | 125,446 | ||
| Luzhu | 蘆竹區 | Lô·-tek | Lù-tsuk | 75.50 | 167,729 | ||
| Pingzhen | 平鎮區 | Pêng-tìn | Phìn-tsṳ́n | 47.75 | 228,513 | ||
| Taoyuan | 桃園區 | Thô-hn̂g | Thò-yèn | 34.80 | 465,606 | ||
| Xinwu | 新屋區 | Sin-ok | Sîn-vuk | 85.02 | 49,282 | ||
| Yangmei | 楊梅區 | Iûⁿ-mûi | Yông-muì | 89.12 | 178,385 | ||
| Zhongli | 中壢區 | Tiong-le̍k | Chûng-la̍k | 76.52 | 426,326 | ||
| Mountain indigenous district | Fuxing | 復興區 | Ho̍k-heng | Fu̍k-hîn | PyasanAtayal | 350.78 | 13,089 |
Colors indicate the common language status ofHakka andFormosan languages within each division.
Prior to becoming a municipality on 25 December 2014, Taoyuan County used to have 6county-administered cities (Bade, Luzhu, Pingzhen, Taoyuan, Yangmei, Zhongli), 1urban township (Daxi), 5rural townships (Dayuan, Guanyin, Guishan, Longtan, Xinwu), and 1 Mountain indigenous township (Fuxing).
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Taoyuan Main Public Library is the central library of Taoyuan, located in Taoyuan Zhongzheng Arts and Cultural Business District. The new library building opened in December 2022. It was designed by T.C.K. Architect Engineer Planner andAzusa Sekkei [ja]. It is the largest local public library in Taiwan.
TheTaoyuan International Baseball Stadium is home to theRakuten Monkeys of theChinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). Taoyuan also has two professional basketball teams, theTaoyuan Leopards of theT1 League[26] and theTaoyuan Pauian Pilots of theP. League+ (shared withChanghua County).[27]
The Taoyuan County Stadium, built in 1993, is a multi-use stadium used mostly forfootball matches that also has anathletics track. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 spectators.[28] It is within walking distance southwest fromTaoyuan Senior High School Station of theTaiwan Railway Administration.
TheTaoyuan Arena, also built in 1993, is anindoor sporting arena located inTaoyuan District. The concept of its roof structure was based on the bicycle structure, the outer ring (to bear pressure) and inner tire (to bear tensile strength) of the bicycle wheels are connected by cable wires. It occupies an area of 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) with a capacity of 15,000 spectators.[29] It is used to host indoor sporting events, such asbasketball andvolleyball.
The then-Taoyuan County is also the birthplace of Taiwaneseprofessional golferYani Tseng andtaekwondo athleteChu Mu-Yen.
Recent major sporting events held by Taoyuan include:
The rapid transit system of the city isTaoyuan Metro and is operational since April 2017.
| Line | Termini | Length (km) | Total Length (km) | Status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taoyuan Airport MRT | Taipei | Huanbei | 51.03 | 53.09 | In operation | ||
| Huanbei | Zhongli | 2.06 | Under construction | ||||
| Zhongli | Zhongli Sports Park | TBD | Planning | ||||
| Green | Main Line | Bade | Kengkou | 27.8 | 39.33 | Under construction | |
| Hengshan | |||||||
| Zhongli Extension | Bade | Zhongli Sports Park | 7.2 | Planning | |||
| Daxi Extension | Bade | Puding | 4.33 | Planning | |||
| Orange | Taoyuan-Pingzhen Line | Taoyuan Arena | TBD | 21 | 29 | Planning | |
| Pingzhen-Longtan Line | TBD | Longtan | 8 | Planning | |||
| Brown | Main Line | Taoyuan | Huilong | 11.38 | 15.28 | Planning | |
| Urban Extension | Taoyuan | Zhonglu | 3.9 | Planning | |||
| New Taipei Metro: Sanying Line | Dingpu | Yingtao Fude | 14.29 | 18.17 | Under Construction | ||
| Yingtao Fude | Da'nan | 3.88 | Planning | ||||
National Highway No. 1 and3 are nearby and connect via local highways to the city itself.National Highway No. 2 connects toTaoyuan International Airport. Bridges in the city areLuofu Bridge.
Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport atDayuan District is the largest airport in Taiwan. It serves as the main international hub forChina Airlines andEVA Air. Taiwan Taoyuan handled 25,114,418 passengers in 2010. It is the fifteenth-busiest air freight hub in the world and thirteenth-busiest by international passenger traffic. Taipei Taoyuan International Airport currently has two terminals which are connected by two, short people movers. A third terminal and a rapid transit system linking the terminals together underground are currently under construction.
Miaoli City, Taiwan (2006)
Incheon, South Korea (2009)
Narita,Chiba, Japan (2016)
Ramat Gan, Israel (2016)
Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia (2017)[32][33]
Grenoble, France (2018)Miyazaki,Miyazaki, Japan (2018)
Aur Atoll, Marshall Islands (2018)
Long Beach, California, United States (2022)[34]Alameda County,California,United States (1977)[35]Hartford County, Connecticut, United States (1982)Dallas County, Texas, United States (2007)
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)(in Chinese)
Media related toTaoyuan City at Wikimedia Commons
Taoyuan, Taiwan travel guide from Wikivoyage(in English)
Geographic data related toTaoyuan, Taiwan atOpenStreetMap| International | |
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