Tanjungpinang | |
|---|---|
| City of Tanjungpinang Kota Tanjungpinang | |
| Regional transcription(s) | |
| • Jawi | تنجوڠ ڤينڠ |
| • Chinese | 丹戎檳榔/廖都 |
     From top, left to right: City view from Dompak Island, house of governor of theRiau Islands, tombs of Riau kings, Raja Haji Fisabilillah Monument, and Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alamsyah Museum | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: Kota Gurindam (lit. 'City ofGurindam') | |
| Motto: Jujur Bertutur, Bijak Bertindak (lit. 'Honest in Speech, Wise in Action') | |
 Location withinRiau Islands | |
| Coordinates:0°55′08″N104°27′19″E / 0.918773°N 104.455415°E /0.918773; 104.455415 | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Region | Sumatra |
| Province |  Riau Islands |
| Settled | Early 3rd century |
| Founded | 6 January 1784[1] |
| Incorporated | 21 June 2001[2] |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Lis Darmansyah [id] (PDI-P) |
| • Vice Mayor | Raja Ariza [id] |
| • Legislature | Tanjungpinang City Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) |
| Area | |
• Total | 812.7 km2 (313.8 sq mi) |
| • Land | 144.56 km2 (55.81 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 18 m (59 ft) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate[3]) | |
• Total | 234,840 |
| • Density | 1,624.5/km2 (4,207.5/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time) |
| Area code | (+62) 771 |
| Website | tanjungpinangkota |
Tanjungpinang, also colloquially written asTanjung Pinang, is thecapital city of theIndonesianprovince ofRiau Islands. It covers a land area of 144.56 km2, mainly in the southern part ofBintan Island, as well as other smaller islands such as Dompak Island and Penyengat Island.[4] With a population of 227,663 at the 2020 Census,[5] it is the second largest city of the province, afterBatam;[6] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 234,840 (comprising 118,600 males and 116,250 females).[3] Tanjungpinang is a historic city of theMalay culture, having served as the capital of bothJohor Sultanate andRiau-Lingga Sultanate.
Tanjungpinang – whose name is taken from the position of abeach tree that juts into the sea – occupies a strategic location on the south ofBintan Island, guarding the mouth of the Bintan River. Tanjungpinang hasferry andspeedboat connections toBatam,Singapore (40 km away), andJohor Bahru. The city is also served byRaja Haji Fisabilillah International Airport, located about 7 km east of the city center.
Over the centuries, Tanjungpinang came under the control of Sumatra, Malacca, the Netherlands, Britain, and Japan. These contacts each influenced its culture, also being a centre of Malay culture and trade traffic. In the 18th century, it was a capital of theJohor–Riau–Lingga Empire.
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The nameTanjungpinang is taken from the position of beach nut tree that juts into the sea.[further explanation needed] Trees that are in the Cape which is a guide for voyagers who will go to Bintan River.[clarification needed] The Tanjungpinang River is the entrance to Bintan, where theKingdom of Bentan [id][clarification needed] was based in what is now the district of Bukit Batu.
Tanjungpinang's history can be traced to the early 3rd century, when it flourished as a trading post on the India–China trade route.Srivijaya, a Sumatra-based empire which nurtured trade with China, came to dominate much of the Malay Archipelago from the 7th to 13th centuries. It declined with the rise of piracy in the region, and by the 12th centuryBintan Island became known by the Chinese as "Pirate Island".
According to theMalay Annals, a Srivijaya prince namedSeri Teri Buana, fleeing from the sacking ofPalembang, stayed on Bintan for several years, gathering his strength before founding theKingdom of Singapura (Singapore). A century later, it too was sacked by rival powers, and its king founded a new city at Malacca. TheMalacca Sultanate (1400–1511) became one of the great empires of the region, its territories including theRiau Archipelago. Malacca was captured by the Portuguese in 1511, and the exiledSultan Mahmud Shah established his capital at Bintan, from which he organized attacks and blockades against the Portuguese. In 1526, after a number of attempts to suppress the Malay forces, the Portuguese razed Bintan to the ground.
Alauddin Riayat Shah II, a son of Mahmud Shah, established theJohor Sultanate in 1528. Former-Malaccan territories were quickly brought under Johor's influence, including Bintan, where an important trading port called Bandar Riau was opened. As it prospered and a war with theJambi Sultanate threatened Johor in 1722, the capital was moved to Riau, which became a centre of trade and Islamic studies much as Malacca had been.
A conflict with the Dutch, who had taken Malacca from the Portuguese, culminated with a Dutch fleet of 13 vessels besieging and attacking Riau. On 6 January 1784, they were met in battle by Malay andBugis forces, and repelled with the destruction of the Dutch command shipMalaka's Wal Faren. Malay forces continued to harass the Dutch, and blockaded Malacca, but a defeat and succession crisis shifted power against them. The capital was moved from Riau to Lingga in 1788. The change of capitals has led to the Johor Sultanate sometimes being called the Johor–Riau–Lingga Empire.
The British gained control of Malacca from the Dutch in 1795. Attempting to increase their influence over the Strait of Malacca, the two powers each crowned a different candidate as Sultan of Johor–Riau during a succession crisis (1812–1818). This led to the partition of Johor–Riau under theAnglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which placed the territory south of the strait under Dutch control as theRiau–Lingga Sultanate.
On 11 February 1911, the Dutch deposed the sultan for defying the colonial masters, and officially annexed the sultanate which was then administered from Tanjungpinang as theRiau Residency of the Dutch East Indies. A military base was also constructed at Tanjungpinang.
During World War II, theJapanese occupiers made Tanjungpinang the government centre for the Riau Islands. Control returned to the Dutch following the Japanese surrender, and the Dutch officially withdrew in 1950. Riau became one of the last territories merged intoIndonesia, known as thedaerah-daerah pulihan (recovered regions). Tanjungpinang briefly became the capital ofRiau Province, until the capital was moved toPekanbaru in 1960. A law passed in 2001 defined Tanjungpinang as an autonomous city with effect from 21 June 2001 (separate fromBintan Regency, of which it was previously a part), and it became the capital of Riau Islands Province when that province was created in 2002, becoming its second city (afterBatam, formed as an independent city in 1999).
The city (which is administratively separate fromBintan Regency) is divided into fourdistricts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010,[7] and 2020 Censuses,[5] together with the official estimates as of mid 2023.[3]
| Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km2 | Pop'n Census 2010 | Pop'n Census 2020 | Pop'n Estimate mid 2023 | No. of Subdistricts | Post Code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bukit Bestari | 45.64 | 54,157 | 54,410 | 52,590 | 5 | 29122-124 |
| Tanjungpinang Timur (East Tanjungpinang) | 58.95 | 70,867 | 109,780 | 120,320 | 5 | 29122-125 |
| Tanjungpinang Kota (Downtown Tanjungpinang) | 35.42 | 17,026 | 19,226 | 19,220 | 4 | 29111-115 |
| Tanjungpinang Barat (West Tanjungpinang) | 4.55 | 45,309 | 44,247 | 42,710 | 4 | 29111-113 |
Tanjungpinang has atropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.
| Climate data for Tanjungpinang (Raja Haji Fisabilillah International Airport, 2000–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.8 (85.6) | 30.6 (87.1) | 31.4 (88.5) | 31.4 (88.5) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.6 (87.1) | 30.6 (87.1) | 30.8 (87.4) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.2 (86.4) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.7 (87.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.7 (76.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 24.2 (75.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 234.6 (9.24) | 142.6 (5.61) | 216.7 (8.53) | 298.9 (11.77) | 284.4 (11.20) | 230.7 (9.08) | 205.2 (8.08) | 171.1 (6.74) | 212.3 (8.36) | 259.5 (10.22) | 442.8 (17.43) | 348.2 (13.71) | 3,047 (119.97) |
| Average precipitation days | 10.2 | 6.1 | 11.1 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 13.2 | 11.3 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 14.2 | 19.6 | 15.0 | 152.5 |
| Source: Meteomanz[8] | |||||||||||||
| religion | percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Islam | 80.77% | |||
| Buddhism | 11.32% | |||
| Protestantism | 6.25% | |||
| Roman Catholicism | 1.43% | |||
| Confucianism | 0.21% | |||
| Hinduism | 0.02% | |||
Islam is the dominant religion in the city, with 80.77% of the total population identify themselves as Muslim. Other religions are Buddhism, which forms 13.58% of the total population, Christianity, which forms 7.56% of the total population, Hinduism, which forms 0.02% of the total population and Confucianism, which forms 0.27% of the total population.[10]
The cultural center for stage performances of Malay music and dances is located in Tanjungpinang. The centre regularly organises festivals and other performances, such as music and dance. RenownedBuddhist temples are located outside central Tanjungpinang in a region namedSenggarang.
The old ruler's palace and royal tombs, including the grave ofRaja Ali Haji (who was the creator and author of the firstMalay grammar book), are one of the many legacies left by the Riau–Lingga Sultanate. The old vice-royal mosque, theMasjid Raya, is still in use.
Tanjungpinang travel guide from WikivoyageRegencies and cities ofRiau Islands | ||
|---|---|---|
Capital:Tanjungpinang | ||
| Regencies |  | |
| Cities | ||
Provincial capitals inIndonesia | ||
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| Sumatra |  | |
| Java | ||
| Kalimantan | ||
| Lesser Sunda | ||
| Sulawesi | ||
| Maluku | ||
| Papua | ||
| Former provincial capitals | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
