Tamil Canadians

கனேடிய தமிழர்
Population distribution of Tamil Canadians by province/territory, 2021 census
Total population
237,890[1][a] 0.7% of the total Canadian population (2021)
Regions with significant populations
Greater Toronto,Greater Montreal,Greater Vancouver,Calgary Region,Edmonton Region,National Capital Region
Languages
Tamil,Canadian English,Canadian French
Religion
Predominantly: Hinduism (75.8%) Minorities: Christianity (17.4%) Irreligion (5.5%) Islam (1.0%) Buddhism (0.13%) Sikhism (0.04%) Judaism (0.02%) Indigenous (0.01%) Others (0.1%) [2][b]
Related ethnic groups
Indian Tamils,Sri Lankan Tamils

Tamil Canadians, orCanadian Tamils, areCanadians ofTamil ethno-linguistic origin. Much of Canada'sTamil diaspora consists ofSri Lankan Tamil refugees who sought to flee the ethnic tensions during theSri Lankan Civil War between the 1970s and 2000s, while economic Tamil migrants also originate from India,Singapore and other parts ofSouth Asia.

Canada's Tamil population is among the largest in theWestern world, withToronto being home to one of the largestTamil-speaking populations outside of Asia.

From a population of fewer than 150 in 1983, Tamils have become one of the largest ethnic groups within theGreater Toronto Area, and form an increasing share of the overall Canadian population. As per the2021 Canadian census, Tamil Canadians number approximately 240,000 and account for roughly 0.7% of Canada's population.^[1][a]

With the outbreak ofriots and eventualcivil war in Sri Lanka in 1983, Tamil migration to Canada increased significantly. In 2000, Sri Lanka was the sixth largest source country of immigrants to Canada, sending 5,841 people or 2.57% of Canada's immigrant total. Between 1991 and 2001, Sri Lanka was the fifth largest source country of immigrants to Canada, afterChina, India, thePhilippines, andHong Kong.^[3]

Between 2001 and 2010 Sri Lanka's rank dropped to 17 in the list of immigrant source countries to Canada. Well behind the major source countries China (327,317), India (277,819) and Philippines (191,121).^[4] In 2010 immigrants from Sri Lanka consisted of only 1.4% of Canada's immigrant total of 280,681.

Most permanent residents from Sri Lanka came as either independent immigrants, refugees, or family class sponsored immigrants.

Refugee claimants are an independent category of Tamils from Sri Lanka who arrived in Canada and are claiming protection under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. After 2001 there have been no Government of Canada or private sponsored Tamil refugees to Canada. There are 141,074 UNHCR recognized Tamil refugees in non-signatory countries. There are a total of 589,639 refugees from Sri Lanka in 2011 who have registered with the UNHCR in non-signatory countries.^[5]

Tamil Canadians byprovince and territory (1991−2021)^[a]

Province/ territory	2021[1]		2016[7]		2011[8]		2006[9]		2001[10]		1996[11]		1991[12]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Ontario	192,890	1.37%	157,700	1.19%	149,030	1.17%	117,390	0.98%	92,465	0.82%	67,085	0.63%	29,270	0.29%
Quebec	20,050	0.24%	17,245	0.22%	19,460	0.25%	13,965	0.19%	13,180	0.18%	9,440	0.13%	5,315	0.08%
Alberta	10,105	0.24%	7,195	0.18%	3,995	0.11%	1,940	0.06%	1,630	0.06%	1,255	0.05%	940	0.04%
British Columbia	9,740	0.2%	5,445	0.12%	5,345	0.12%	4,230	0.1%	3,270	0.08%	1,710	0.05%	865	0.03%
Nova Scotia	1,570	0.16%	450	0.05%	350	0.04%	155	0.02%	210	0.02%	165	0.02%	130	0.01%
Saskatchewan	1,120	0.1%	635	0.06%	335	0.03%	390	0.04%	230	0.02%	300	0.03%	180	0.02%
Manitoba	1,100	0.08%	655	0.05%	330	0.03%	360	0.03%	360	0.03%	475	0.04%	455	0.04%
New Brunswick	725	0.1%	190	0.03%	125	0.02%	45	0.01%	75	0.01%	60	0.01%	45	0.01%
Prince Edward Island	140	0.09%	40	0.03%	50	0.04%	0	0%	10	0.01%	0	0%	0	0%
Newfoundland and Labrador	80	0.02%	245	0.05%	150	0.03%	175	0.03%	130	0.03%	135	0.02%	105	0.02%
Northwest Territories	80	0.2%	20	0.05%	25	0.06%	10	0.02%	15	0.04%	20	0.03%	15	0.03%
Yukon	40	0.1%	45	0.13%	20	0.06%	15	0.05%	10	0.04%	0	0%	0	0%
Nunavut	25	0.07%	20	0.06%	10	0.03%	0	0%	0	0%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Canada	237,890	0.65%	189,860	0.55%	179,465	0.54%	138,675	0.44%	111,580	0.38%	80,635	0.28%	37,330	0.14%

Based on Census 2016^[13]

1.Scarborough—Rouge Park, ON - 13.94% (14,255)
2.Scarborough North, ON - 12.23% (12,080)
3.Markham—Thornhill, ON - 10.61% (10,515)
4.Scarborough-Guildwood, ON - 9.45% (9,680)
5.Scarborough Centre, ON - 9.40% (10,590)
6.Markham—Stouffville, ON - 6.71% (8,460)
7.Scarborough—Agincourt, ON - 5.18% (5,465)
8.Ajax, ON - 5.12% (6,125)
9.Brampton East, ON - 5.08% (6,195)
10.Mississauga—Malton, ON - 3.95% (4,675)
11.Scarborough Southwest, ON - 3.65% (4,025)
12.Brampton West, ON - 3.35% (4,360)
13.Mississauga East—Cooksville, ON - 2.41% (2,895)
14.Humber River—Black Creek, ON - 2.36% (2,555)
15.Mississauga Centre, ON - 2.34% (2,925)
16.Etobicoke North, ON - 2.31% (2,730)
17.Brampton North, ON - 2.22% (2,620)
18.Toronto Centre, ON - 2.21% (2,295)
19.Brampton South, ON - 2.18% (2,645)
20.Markham—Unionville, ON - 2.14% (2,645)
21.Pierrefonds—Dollard, QC - 2.08% (2,255)
22.Saint-Laurent, QC - 2.03% (2,010)

Much of the Tamil language media in Canada is based inToronto, while some centres operate inMontreal. A community magazine,Thamizhar Mathiyil (Amidst Tamils), has been published since 1990 and has grown to several hundred pages in length. Tenalternative weekly Tamil language newspapers are distributed primarily in Toronto and Montreal. TheMonsoon Journal and theTamil Mirror are English language newspapers created and targeted at Tamils. Four Tamil language radio stations broadcast out of Toronto and Montreal as well. Three Tamil language online News (The Tamil Journal தமிழ் இதழ்), television stations (Tamil Vision International,Tamil One, andTamil Entertainment Television) are based in Toronto.^[14]

Various political, social and religious organizations exists among the Tamil Canadian community. One such organization isCanadian Tamil Congress, which works as a community and lobby group to communicate on behalf of some Tamil Canadians at the municipal, provincial, federal, and international levels.^{[citation needed]} The Canadian Tamil Congress is the largest of these organizations with 11 chapters in the country.^{[citation needed]} The smaller organizations are geared towards organizingkin and village groups from Sri Lanka, as well as supporting various political parties such as theLiberal Party of Canada,New Democratic Party andConservative Party of Canada. Tamil candidates have participated in the political process representing various parties at municipal, provincial and federal level. In 2011,Rathika Sitsabaiesan was elected as the first Tamil-Canadian Member of Parliament, as a New Democrat inScarborough-Rouge River. In 2018,Vijay Thanigasalam was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario^[15] and currently representsScarborough-Rouge River as a member of theProgressive Conservative Party of Ontario.^[16] During his time as a member, he has taken upon numerous initiatives in the Tamil Community and the Scarborough-Rouge River Riding as a whole. Some of his achievements include introducingBill 104, An Act to proclaim Tamil Genocide Education Week in Ontario.^[17] Previously,Logan Kanapathi was the first Tamil Canadian candidate to win election to large municipal government.^{[18][14][19][20]} He currently serves his second term as Ward 7 councilor in the town ofMarkham. Many Hindu Temples have been built by the community to cater to its religious needs.Hindu Youth Network, an organization founded by Sri Lankan Tamils, is currently the largest Hindu youth movement in Canada with thousands of Hindu Tamil students and over 80% of the Hindu student groups in the country under its umbrella.^[21] There are also Christian churches that cater particularly to the Tamil community in Canada.^[22]

Tamil Canadians have run multiple campaigns encouraging the donation of blood to the Canadian Blood Services organized by various Canadian Tamil organizations.^{[citation needed]} The community also undertook a recent campaign to help SickKids Hospital, which treats 100,000 children every year. These campaigns were organized by the Canadian Tamil Congress, with the support of many social and community organizations.^{[citation needed]}

A unanimous decision was made at the House of Commons on October 5, 2016 declaring the month of January as Tamil Heritage Month under M-24. The motion will "recognize the contributions that Tamil-Canadians have made to Canadian society, the richness of the Tamil language and culture, and the importance of educating and reflecting upon Tamil heritage for future generations by declaring January, every year, Tamil Heritage Month.".^[23][24][25]

Canada has attracted a number of internationally renowned writers from Sri Lanka, includingShyam Selvadurai. Despite his family's relative privilege and urban base, his family left Sri Lanka because of the1983 riots. Canadian Tamils have also contributed to the sports fields such as the formerly ranked Canadiantennis playerSonya Jeyaseelan andcricketerSanjayan Thuraisingam.Pradeeban Peter-Paul multipleGuinness World Records holderSuresh Joachim Tamil Canadian table tennis player has been part of the Canadian National Team for the past 12 years. He was one of two Canadians who qualified to represent Canada at the2008 Summer Olympics inBeijing,China. Soccer and cricket are two of the main sports played by the Tamil population in Canada.

A law named "Tamil Heritage Month Act, 2014" was passed by the Ontario government to proclaim January as Tamil heritage month. This law is for remembering, celebrating and educating future generations about the inspirational roles that Tamil Canadians have played.^[26] Bill 104 passed in January 2021 and establishes the week of May 18 as the Tamil Genocide Education Week in Ontario. This Bill was passed to encourage Ontario to learn more about the Tamil Genocide that occurred in Sri Lanka.^[27]

Tamil cuisine in Canada has been represented through several take-out, fast-food, and catering restaurants that have been operated by the Tamil diaspora since the 1980s, particularly in Toronto and Montreal.^[28] Karaikudi Chettinad Restaurant,^[29] and Nantha Caters.^[30] Dishes originating from all Tamil-speaking nations, includingkothu roti,mutton rolls,idiyappam with coconutsambal, are popular among Tamil restaurants.^[31] Tamil cuisine is also represented by Indian restaurants in Canada which feature Tamil-origin dishes, such asidly,dosa,vada, and various vegetarian and non-vegetariancurries that originate fromTamil Nadu. Tamil flavours are also represented in Tamil fusion restaurants that serve dishes such asJaffnaFrench fries,mac and cheese rolls, andchilli chicken kothu roti.^[32]

• List of Eelam Tamils
• Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America
• List of Tamil-language radio stations
• In Our Translated World

• Selvadurai, Shyam.Funny Boy (novel).McClelland & Stewart, 1994.ISBN 0-7710-7951-6
• Ratnavel, Roy.Prisoner #1056: How I Survived War and Found Peace.Penguin Canada, 2023.ISBN 9780735245730

• Canadian Tamil Business Directory
• TAMIL STAR FM - Tamil radio in Canada
• Tamil Canadian Inside
• Tamils in Canada from Ravindiran Vaitheespara,The Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples
• Canadian Tamil Congress

• Tamil diaspora in Canada
• Tamil diaspora by country
• Canadian people of Tamil descent
• South Asian diaspora in Canada

• CS1 errors: missing periodical
• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation
• Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters
• All articles with unsourced statements
• Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014
• Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010