TheTamanic languages are a small group of languages ofKapuas Hulu Regency,West Kalimantan:

• Embaloh (incl. Kalis)
• Taman (Taman Dayak)

The Tamanic languages are not closely related to other languages on Borneo. Instead, they belong to theSouth Sulawesi languages, most probably in one branch together withBuginese.^[1][2][3]

Here is a list of sound changes fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian into various Tamanic languages.^[1]

• Phonemic mergers:
  • *D merges intod.
  • *j merges intos, but merges intod following*n.
  • *h,*q merge into∅, however, in word-final positions their outcomes still differ.
  • *z merges intod.
• Lenition in intervocalic positions:
  • *-b- >-w- (sometimes deletes).
  • *-d- >-r- (original*D and*z are also affected).
  • *-ŋ-,*-k- >-∅- in Taman (*takut >ataut).
  • When geminated or following a nasal consonant, the original phonemes remain.
• *l is assimilated tor beforer in the same or following syllable (*ulaR >urar "snake").
  • In Taman,*r is further dissimilated ton after*r (urar :uran).
• Development of final glottal stop (-ʔ) of mostly unexplained origin.
  • *-q >-ʔ, but*-h >*-∅
  • Other occurrences are hypothesized from an original Proto-Malayo-Polynesian phoneme-ʔ.

• *aya,aV >*a: (qi Daya > Embalohira:)
  • In Taman, it was sometimes reflected asɛ: (Malaylain >lɛ:n).
• *u was dissimilated toi before*u in the following syllable (*tumpul >timpul "blunt").
• *ay,*ey and*aw,*ew were monophthongized intoe ando, respectively.
• *-iq and*-uq became-e and-o respectively.

Some Tamanic-speaking Dayak ethnic subgroups and their respective languages inWest Kalimantan province, Indonesia:^[4][5]

Group	Language	Regency
Kalis	Kalis	Kapuas Hulu
Lau'	Lau'	Kapuas Hulu
Tamambalo	Tamambalo	Kapuas Hulu
Taman	Taman	Kapuas Hulu

There are many lexical similarities with the languages of South Sulawesi,^[1] for example:

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