Talk:Frog
Page contents not supported in other languages.
| This is thetalk page for discussing improvements to theFrog article. This isnot a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. |
Article policies |
| Find sources: Google (books ·news ·scholar ·free images ·WP refs) ·FENS ·JSTOR ·TWL |
| Archives:1,2,3,4,5 |
 | This article iswritten inBritish English, which has its own spelling conventions (colour,travelled,centre,defence,artefact,analyse) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from othervarieties of English. According to therelevant style guide, this should not be changed withoutbroad consensus. |
 | Frog is afeatured article; it (or a previous version of it) has beenidentified as one of the best articles produced by theWikipedia community. Even so, if you can update or improve it,please do so. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | This article appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page asToday's featured article on March 27, 2006. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This level-4 vital article is ratedFA-class on Wikipedia'scontent assessment scale.It is of interest to multipleWikiProjects. | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between24 August 2020 and5 December 2020. Further details are availableon the course page. Student editor(s):Honorherring. Peer reviewers:Javenemani,Dkwillsey.
Above undated message substituted fromTemplate:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment byPrimeBOT (talk)21:30, 17 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are availableon the course page. Peer reviewers:Gayani s.
Above undated message substituted fromTemplate:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment byPrimeBOT (talk)21:54, 16 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Frogs can be used to biologically control or deplete uncontrolled growth of invasive alien plants— Precedingunsigned comment added by146.141.1.90 (talk)21:12, 9 August 2014 (UTC)[reply]
The image captioned "Dissected frog..." is showing an anatomical model of a dissected frog, undoubtedly over life-size. Perhaps for the sake of accuracy the caption should be modified.Urselius (talk)20:15, 21 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]
It looks great!!— Precedingunsigned comment added by98.221.103.239 (talk)09:59, 29 July 2016 (UTC)[reply]
It says that frogs characterized by the presence of a "urostyle", which is wikilinked to the article aboutcoccyx, the vestigial tailbone of humans and tail-less apes. Nothing there related to amphibians or says what a "urostyle" is, at all.Lathamibird (talk)00:47, 7 February 2015 (UTC)[reply]
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 2 external links onFrog. Please take a moment to reviewmy edit. You may add{{cbignore}} after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add{{nobots|deny=InternetArchiveBot}} to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set thechecked parameter below totrue orfailed to let others know (documentation at{{Sourcecheck}}).
This message was posted before February 2018.After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored byInternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other thanregular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editorshave permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see theRfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template{{source check}}(last update: 5 June 2024).
Cheers.—cyberbot IITalk to my owner:Online16:14, 29 March 2016 (UTC)[reply]
 | Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
Extended content |
|---|
FrogFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the group of amphibians. For other uses, see Frog (disambiguation).FrogsTemporal range:Early Jurassic - Present, 200–0 MaPreЄЄOSDCPTJKPgNAnoures.jpgVarious types of frogs.Scientific classification eKingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:ChordataClass:AmphibiaClade:SalientiaOrder:AnuraDuméril, 1806 (as Anoures)SubordersArchaeobatrachiaMesobatrachiaNeobatrachia –List of Anuran familiesDistribution.anura.1.pngNative distribution of frogs (in green)Frogs are a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek an-, without + oura, tail). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests. There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders.The body plan of an adult frog is generally characterized by a stout body, protruding eyes, cleft tongue, limbs folded underneath, and the absence of a tail in adults. Besides living in fresh water and on dry land, the adults of some species are adapted for living underground or in trees. The skin of the frog is glandular, with secretions ranging from distasteful to toxic. Warty species of frog tend to be called toads but the distinction between frogs and toads is based on informal naming conventions concentrating on the warts rather than taxonomy or evolutionary history; some toads are more closely related to frogs than to other toads. Frogs' skins vary in colour from well-camouflaged dappled brown, grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or yellow and black to advertise toxicity and warn off predators.Frogs typically lay their eggs in water. The eggs hatch into aquatic larvae called tadpoles that have tails and internal gills. They have highly specialized rasping mouth parts suitable for herbivorous, omnivorous or planktivorous diets. The life cycle is completed when they metamorphose into adults. A few species deposit eggs on land or bypass the tadpole stage. Adult frogs generally have a carnivorous diet consisting of small invertebrates, but omnivorous species exist and a few feed on fruit. Frogs are extremely efficient at converting what they eat into body mass. They are an important food source for predators and part of the food web dynamics of many of the world's ecosystems. The skin is semi-permeable, making them susceptible to dehydration, so they either live in moist places or have special adaptations to deal with dry habitats. Frogs produce a wide range of vocalizations, particularly in their breeding season, and exhibit many different kinds of complex behaviours to attract mates, to fend off predators and to generally survive.Frogs are valued as food by humans and also have many cultural roles in literature, symbolism and religion. Frog populations have declined significantly since the 1950s. More than one third of species are considered to be threatened with extinction and over one hundred and twenty are believed to have become extinct since the 1980s.[1] The number of malformations among frogs is on the rise and an emerging fungal disease, chytridiomycosis, has spread around the world. Conservation biologists are working to understand the causes of these problems and to resolve them.Contents [hide] 1Etymology and taxonomy2Evolution3Morphology and physiology3.1Feet and legs3.2Skin3.3Respiration and circulation3.4Digestion and excretion3.5Reproductive system3.6Nervous system3.7Sight3.8Hearing3.9Call3.10Torpor4Locomotion5Life history5.1Reproduction5.2Life cycle5.2.1Eggs / frogspawn5.2.2Tadpoles5.2.3Metamorphosis5.2.4Adults5.3Parental care6Defence7Distribution and conservation status8Uses8.1Culinary8.2Scientific research8.3Pharmaceutical9Cultural beliefs10References10.1Notes10.2Bibliography11External links |
74.100.77.197 (talk)05:16, 25 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]
Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. — JJMC89 (T·C)06:12, 25 May 2016 (UTC)[reply]I live in Taiwan and there are several Aboriginal tribes along the East Coast that use frog urine as a medicine to help broken bones mend. I recently broke my arm falling off a tree and tried this "tea" treatment. I did not like having to kill 75 to 100 small frogs by dunking them in boiling water. This is what is suppose to extract the urine. I'm guessing that would scare the piss out of me too. So many people do this to shell fish for the pleasure of eating I thought I would do this for scientific and medical research purposes. I've drank the tea but did not eat the frogs, eating them is recommended. I am entering my fourth week mending and will let you know what happens in the next few weeks. In addition to the frogs, basil, garlic, splash of rice wine and a pinch of salt was used, the flavor was OK.— Precedingunsigned comment added by36.236.162.19 (talk)02:45, 18 July 2016 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
change "froges"
2602:306:83F1:6B00:8106:3E5:20CB:B45B (talk)23:52, 8 August 2016 (UTC)[reply]
Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Cannot find "froges" in article when using Ctrl-FEvergreenFir(talk)00:59, 9 August 2016 (UTC)[reply]Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified one external link onFrog. Please take a moment to reviewmy edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visitthis simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
This message was posted before February 2018.After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored byInternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other thanregular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editorshave permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see theRfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template{{source check}}(last update: 5 June 2024).
Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot(Report bug)22:26, 5 January 2017 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
89.240.190.200 (talk)14:01, 1 May 2017 (UTC)[reply]
Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format.Murph9000 (talk)14:53, 1 May 2017 (UTC)[reply]
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 4 external links onFrog. Please take a moment to reviewmy edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visitthis simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
This message was posted before February 2018.After February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored byInternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other thanregular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editorshave permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see theRfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template{{source check}}(last update: 5 June 2024).
Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot(Report bug)18:48, 20 September 2017 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
Frog metamorphosis
From an aquatic tadpole to a jumping frog, the changes that you see in the physiology, behavior, and morphology is immense. The swimming tadpole changes its aquatic-adapted swimming body form into a frog with fore- and hindlimbs within a span of 30-60 days depending on the species. This change requires coordination between organs and the environment. Many studies have been focused on the hormonal control behind these changes.Gayani s (talk)15:40, 12 December 2017 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
Frog metamorphosis
From an aquatic tadpole to a jumping frog, the changes that you see in the physiology, behavior, and morphology is immense. The swimming tadpole changes its aquatic-adapted swimming body form into a frog with fore- and hindlimbs within a span of 30-60 days depending on the species. This change requires coordination between organs and the environment. Many studies have been focused on the hormonal control behind these changes (e.g., Shi et al., 2005; Brown & Cai, 2007; Mukhi et al., 2010). The change from a tadpole to a frog is sudden, which happens during the period called "metamorphic climax." Metamorphic climax highlights the period when the tadpole develops its front legs, until the period when it fully absorbs the tail (usually 6-8 days). During this period, the tail gets absorbed, the notochord degenerates, legs emerge, the intestine remodels, skin glands form - from having tadpole-specific organs and cells, a transformation happens to adult-specific cells and organs. Recent studies have highlighted the "gene-switch" phenomena during this period, where the same type of cells expresses different genes during the metamorphic climax. As an example, the fibroblasts (surrounding the notochord), change in secreting collagen (growth program) to secreting proteolytic enzymes (death program). Also, epithelial cells change from secreting DG118 (tadpole-specific) to PM7 (adult-specific). Intestinal-epithelial cells secrete BMP4 during the metamorphic climax, but not in tadpole stages. Also, red blood cells change from expressing tadpole-globin to adult-globin. These are some of the instances, which have been highlighted in showing gene-switching at metamorphosis. However, further studies are required to observe these interesting phenomena of frogs and to see if it is conserved across vertebrates.Gayani s (talk)16:05, 12 December 2017 (UTC)[reply]
Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. There is already a metamorphosis section (section 5.2.3) so it is not clear if you are proposing and addition or replacement of that section with the text you have placed here. Also, there is only one poorly-formed reference in this text. Please includereliable sources for proposed text changes withcorrectly-formed references.Eggishorn(talk)(contrib)16:52, 12 December 2017 (UTC)[reply] | Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
Frog metamorphosis
From an aquatic tadpole to a jumping frog, the changes that you see in the physiology, behavior, and morphology is immense. The swimming tadpole changes its aquatic-adapted swimming body form into a frog with fore- and hindlimbs within a span of 30-60 days depending on the species. This change requires coordination between organs and the environment. Many studies have been focused on the hormonal control behind these changes (e.g., Shi et al., 2005; Brown & Cai, 2007; Mukhi et al., 2010). The change from a tadpole to a frog is sudden, which happens during the period called "metamorphic climax." Metamorphic climax highlights the period when the tadpole develops its front legs, until the period when it fully absorbs the tail (usually 6-8 days). During this period, the tail gets absorbed, the notochord degenerates, legs emerge, the intestine remodels, skin glands form - from having tadpole-specific organs and cells, a transformation happens to adult-specific cells and organs. Recent studies have highlighted the "gene-switch" phenomena during this period, where the same type of cells expresses different genes during the metamorphic climax. As an example, the fibroblasts (surrounding the notochord), change in secreting collagen (growth program) to secreting proteolytic enzymes (death program). Also, epithelial cells change from secreting DG118 (tadpole-specific) to PM7 (adult-specific). Intestinal-epithelial cells secrete BMP4 during the metamorphic climax, but not in tadpole stages. Also, red blood cells change from expressing tadpole-globin to adult-globin. These are some of the instances, which have been highlighted in showing gene-switching at metamorphosis. However, further studies are required to observe these interesting phenomena of frogs and to see if it is conserved across vertebrates.Gayani s (talk)17:11, 12 December 2017 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
To add into the "Call" section, first paragraph: "Additionally, some species have been found to use man-made structures such as drain pipes for artificial amplification of their call." Source: Tan, W., Tsai, C., Lin, C. and Lin, Y. K. (2014), Storm drains enhance calls of a tree frog. J Zool, 294: 77-84. doi:10.1111/jzo.12154Link:https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12154, checked 2018-04-27.
I propose to add the text to the end of the first paragraph, after the words "up to the miles away."— Precedingunsigned comment added by2a01:e35:8b58:c2d0:c1c7:496c:82af:e083 (talk •contribs)21:29, 27 April 2018 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
Hi I would like to share my knowledge on what type of frogs there are and how many there are out thereDefinitely Not Michael (talk)14:16, 14 May 2018 (UTC)[reply]
Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide areliable source if appropriate.JTP(talk •contribs)14:22, 14 May 2018 (UTC)[reply]Possibly worth adding:"Frogs return to U.S. stamps, this time in a starring role".Linn's Stamp News. June 13, 2019. Retrieved2019-06-17.Eastmain (talk •contribs)15:19, 17 June 2019 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
AL-MAYYAHI2004 (talk)00:31, 7 August 2019 (UTC)[reply]
i found a new kind of frogs that are called Murtaza
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
frogs come before tadpoles. they developed as a frog then get smaller.107.77.237.7 (talk)00:26, 2 December 2019 (UTC)[reply]
Already done —IVORKTalk00:52, 2 December 2019 (UTC)[reply] | Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
Some species like the dusky Gropher frog Have been depleted by human encroachment on their habitats.2409:4065:495:B9F4:1CBE:D366:6C33:6B (talk)17:41, 27 April 2020 (UTC)[reply]
Not done. It's not clear what changes you want to make (or how this specific bit of info would fit into such a high-level article about frogs). –Deacon Vorbis (carbon • videos)17:57, 27 April 2020 (UTC)[reply] | Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
In this sentence:
An apparently lifeless, frozen frog can resume respiration and the heart beat can restart when conditions warm up.
Please change "heart beat" to "heartbeat". TheCardiac cycle article always uses "heartbeat" and never "heart beat".2601:5C6:8081:35C0:8042:624:2FAC:7EA8 (talk)00:41, 27 July 2020 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
Can I edit thisFireworkBurst (talk)20:34, 30 August 2020 (UTC)[reply]
The "Native distribution of frogs" grapic seems to suggest there are no frogs in Saudi Arabia. But what about the Arabian toad? It seems to be found all over western Saudi Arabia. Is this a mistake?
under the section "adults" the frog is described in a section as "xenopus laevis" or african clawed frog going through metamorphosis, but i can recognize that the frog in the video linked is an african dwarf frog or the hymenochirus. can this be fixed?Fernfrogs (talk)15:20, 16 June 2021 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
In the section "morphology and physiology" the citation no. 48 is a research by Tyrone Hayes which is controversial & has not been replicated. As stated in the amphibian section of articleAtrazine, his research has been declared by EPA and APVMA as not properly conducted, and EPA, DEWHA, APVMA and Independent researchers from japan were unable to replicate his research:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19008211/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16082954/https://web.archive.org/web/20100704154517/http://www.apvma.gov.au/news_media/chemicals/atrazine.php. Since the study is controversial, kindly remove that source(citation no. 48).
Also, removing that source/citation doesn't change any content of the article as what is stated in the article is correct, but the study on whether atrazine does it is controversial & not clear. Also other 3 sources(citation no.46,47 & 49) are enough, so citation no.48 is redundant.
So kindly remove citation no.48 as it is controversial, redundant & not been replicated.
Thank you.2409:4042:2D90:AE40:F932:A62F:2F05:757A (talk)12:32, 1 July 2021 (UTC)[reply]
Done Seems reasonable. Now removed.Martinevans123 (talk)12:38, 1 July 2021 (UTC)[reply]@Martinevans123 Always happy to help. Actually that study was poorly conducted.
Also appreciate your co-operation.— Precedingunsigned comment added by2409:4042:2D90:AE40:F932:A62F:2F05:757A (talk)14:36, 1 July 2021 (UTC)[reply]
@Martinevana123 Okay I'll be careful, but I'm not sure which two papers you're referring to. If you're talking about citation 182 that's from a different person named Floyd E. Hayes & I'm not sure about the other.2409:4042:2D9F:AC09:1E6:E462:BBA8:8DA3 (talk)09:37, 3 July 2021 (UTC)[reply]
disable (roasts and antisocial activites)activate games— Precedingunsigned comment added by2A02:C7F:F4DF:7700:79BA:945:96E8:52F0 (talk)22:20, 19 January 2022 (UTC)[reply]
The article claims that "Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history.", however, toad does technically refer to the family: Bufonidae. Non-bufonid warty frogs being refered to as toads is just an error regarding terms, much like a person calling Bonobos a type of monkey, isn't it?StewardOtto (talk)01:58, 14 March 2022 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
There is a typo in ' In traditional Chinese myths, the world rests on a giant frog, who would try to shallow the moon' it should say 'swallow' or else it does not make sense.Hailtoad (talk)15:09, 30 June 2022 (UTC)[reply]
There is a mistake2A00:23C6:191E:A701:ADA5:842C:E8EC:D3DF (talk)15:50, 2 July 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Could you please specify where this mistake is?Skullovitch (talk)18:34, 5 September 2022 (UTC)[reply]
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
162.17.91.205 (talk)18:02, 1 November 2022 (UTC)[reply]
dancein is what to do making my moves danceing
Not done: – dudhhr talk contribs (he/they)19:09, 1 November 2022 (UTC)[reply] | Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
The statistic "these include over 7500 species" link to Frost (2021) has been updated to 8,596 species, or over 8500 for readability. I recommend updating this number to include the more recent 2023 version of the source.Alwafibuno (talk)14:51, 30 March 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Not done: the number "7574" hasn't been changed in the source.M.Bitton (talk)15:06, 30 March 2023 (UTC)[reply] | Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
Request to change heading from "Defence" to "Defense" to match English spelling that is consistent with the rest of the article.Phardner (talk)16:25, 25 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Not done: "Defence" is the British English spelling, and "defense" is more commonly used in the US.Actualcpscm (talk)17:20, 25 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]It says the family Craugastoridae has over 850 species, however when you go to the page for Craugastoridae it says there are only 129 species. The photos on the Craugastoridae page are also for a different family as well. Is it supposed to be family Strabomantidae?2603:8080:2200:38D9:A5EA:AF87:9E35:8F9B (talk)01:37, 18 September 2023 (UTC)[reply]
§
| Thisedit request has been answered. Set the|answered= or|ans= parameter tono to reactivate your request. |
Although most frogs breathe in their skin, they can also breathe like a human, although the way they breathe in their lungs is a little different than a human. They're breathing in air through their noses, into their lungs. The mechanism of lung inflation in amphibians like frogs is the buccal cavity(mouth-throat) pumping mechanism that also functions in air-breathing fishes. Their mouth is depressed during this process, which draws air into the nostril. Then the nostril closes, forcing air from the mouth to the lungs through a contraction at the floor of the mouth. The nostril opens and the floor of the mouth moves up pushing the air out of the nostrils. Frogs, too, also have respiratory surfaces on the sides of their mouth that make gas exchange very easy. While resting, this process is their principal form of breathing; it fills the lungs on an occasional basis.
<https://www.britannica.com/science/respiratory-system/Amphibians>Eayode3 (talk)19:57, 27 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a"change X to Y" format and provide areliable source if appropriate.PianoDan (talk)16:51, 2 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]
I am by no means an expert on Wikipedia, but this article seems very long. Is this the normal length, or should it be shortened?2001:569:5657:1000:EC90:F2E8:7CC2:86DE (talk)05:07, 10 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]
Four families are mentioned as the most speciose in the intro to their taxonomy, which does not include Ranidae, but this is (1) not far behind with ~600 spp., (2) the most widespread geographically, and (3) includes the ‘true frogs’, and the species that were first called that (the European common frog). It seems like they deserve a mention in that paragraph too2600:1017:B83B:1C28:19A4:962F:8A16:A1D0 (talk)11:03, 12 November 2024 (UTC)[reply]
