Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromTaiwanese Romanization System)
Transcription system
This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(January 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Tâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Traditional Chinese臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案
Simplified Chinese台湾台语罗马字拼音方案
Literal meaningTaiwan Taiwanese (language) Romanization Scheme
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
Bopomofoㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄊㄞˊ ㄩˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄗˋ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhTair'uan Taiyeu Luomaatzyh Pin'in Fang'ann
Wade–GilesTʻai2-wan1 Tai2-yü3 Lo2-ma3-tzu4 Pʻin1-in1 Fang1-an4
Tongyong PinyinTáiwan Tái-yǔ Luó-mǎ-zìh Pin-yin Fang-àn
MPS2Táiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎtz̀ Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
IPA[tʰǎɪ.wán tʰǎɪ.ỳ pʰín.ín fáŋ.ân]
Hakka
RomanizationThòi-vàn Thòi-ngî Lò-mâ-sṳ Piang-yîm Fông-on
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationTòihwāan Tòiyuh Lòhmáhjih Pingyām Fōng'on
Jyutpingtoi4 waan1 toi4 jyu6 lo4 maa5 zi6 ping3 jam1 fong1 on3
IPA[tʰɔj˩ wan˥ tʰɔj˩ jy˨ lɔ˩ ma˩˧ tsi˨ pʰɪŋ˧ jɐm˥ fɔŋ˥ ]
Southern Min
HokkienPOJTâi-oân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn
Tâi-lôTâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Traditional Chinese臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案
Simplified Chinese台湾闽南语罗马字拼音方案
Literal meaningTaiwanese Southern Min Romanization Scheme
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
Bopomofoㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄩˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄗˋ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhTair'uan Miinnanyeu Luomaatzyh Pin'in Fang'ann
Wade–GilesTʻai2-wan1 Min3-nan2-yü3 Lo2-ma3-tzu4 Pʻin1-in1 Fang1-an4
Tongyong PinyinTáiwan Mǐn-nán-yǔ Luó-mǎ-zìh Pin-yin Fang-àn
MPS2Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎtz Pīnyīn Fāng'àn
IPA[tʰǎɪ.wán mìn.nǎn.ỳ pʰín.ín fáŋ.ân]
Hakka
RomanizationThòi-vàn Men-nàm-ngî Lò-mâ-sṳ Piang-yîm Fông-on
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationTòihwāan Máhnnàahmyuh Lòhmáhjih Pingyām Fōng'on
Jyutpingtoi4 waan1 man5 naam4 jyu6 lo4 maa5 zi6 ping3 jam1 fong1 on3
IPA[tʰɔj˩ wan˥ mɐn˩˧ nam˩ jy˨ lɔ˩ ma˩˧ tsi˨ pʰɪŋ˧ jɐm˥ ]
Southern Min
HokkienPOJTâi-oân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn
Tâi-lôTâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn
Tâi-lô
Traditional Chinese臺羅拼音
Simplified Chinese台罗拼音
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinTáiluó Pīnyīn
Bopomofoㄊㄞˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhTairluo Pin'in
Wade–GilesTʻai2-lo2 Pʻin1-in1
Tongyong PinyinTái-luó Pin-yin
MPS2Táiluó Pinyin
IPA[tʰǎɪ.lwǒ pʰín.ín]
Hakka
RomanizationThòi-lò Piang-yîm
Southern Min
HokkienPOJTâi-lô Pheng-im
Tâi-lôTâi-lô Phing-im
Kàu-io̍k-pōo Lô-má-jī
Traditional Chinese教育部羅馬字
Simplified Chinese教育部罗马字
Literal meaningMinistry of Education Romanization
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinJiàoyùbù Luómǎzì
Southern Min
HokkienPOJKàu-io̍k-pō͘ Lô-má-jī
Tâi-lôKàu-io̍k-pōo Lô-má-jī
Transliteration of Chinese
Mandarin
Wu
Yue
Min
Gan
Hakka
Xiang
Polylectal
See also

The official romanization system forTaiwanese Hokkien (Taigi) inTaiwan is known asTâi-uân Tâi-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn,[I][1] often shortened toTâi-lô. It is derived fromPe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted byTaiwan's Ministry of Education.[2] The system is used in the MoE'sDictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi. Its main differences withPe̍h-ōe-jī are that it usests tsh instead ofch chh,u instead ofo in vowel combinations such asoa andoe,i instead ofe ineng andek,oo instead ofo͘, andnn instead ofⁿ.

Taiwanese Romanization System

Alphabet

[edit]

The Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basicLatin letters (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and atrigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6diacritics to representtones.

Capital letterLower caseIPALetter name (variant 1)Letter name (variant 2)
Aa[a]aa
Bb[b]bibe
Ee[e]ee
Gg[ɡ]gige
Hh[h, ʔ]hiha
Ii[i]ii
Jj[d͡z]jije
Kk[k]kika
Khkh[kʰ]khikha
Ll[l]lie-luh
Mm[m]mie-muh
Nn[n]nie-nuh
Ngng[ŋ]nginge
NNnn[◌̃]innenn
Oo[o]oo
Oooo[ɔ]oooo
Pp[p]pipe
Phph[pʰ]phiphe
Ss[s]sie-suh
Tt[t]tite
Thth[tʰ]thithe
Tsts[t͡s]tsitse
Tshtsh[t͡sʰ]tshitshe
Uu[u]uu
  • nn is only used after avowel to expressnasalization, so it only appears capitalized in all-caps texts.
  • Palatalization occurs whenj,s,ts,tsh are followed byi, soji,si,tsi,tshi are sometimes consideredmultigraphs.
  • Of the 10 unused basic Latin letters, R is sometimes used to express dialectal vowels (ir ander), while the others (C, D, F, Q, V, W, X, Y, Z) are only used inloanwords.

Sample texts

[edit]
Tâi-lô
Pe̍h-uē-jī (PUJ) sī tsı̍t khuán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phìng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-uân ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-uī tong-tshoo sī thuân-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, sóo-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā PUJ kiò-tsò Kàu-huē Lô-má-jī, hı̍k-tsiá sī kán-tshing Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-tsiá bē-tsió m̄-sī kàu-tôo, kàu-tôo mā tsin tsē bē-hiáu PUJ.
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ) sī chı̍t khoán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phèng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-ôan ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-ūi tong-chho͘ sī thôan-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, só͘-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā POJ kiò-chò Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī, he̍k-chiá sī kán-chheng Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-chiá bē-chió m̄-sī kàu-tô͘, kàu-tô͘ mā chin chē bē-hiáu POJ.
Hàn-jī
白話字是一款用拉丁（羅馬）拼音系統來寫臺灣的語言的書面文字。因為當初是傳教士引入來的，所以也有人共白話字叫做教會羅馬字，或者是簡稱教羅。不而過現代的使用者袂少毋是教徒，教徒嘛真濟袂曉白話字。
IPA
[peʔued͡ʑi(piod͡ʑe)ɕit͡ɕiʔkʰuanioŋlatin(loma)pʰiŋimhetʰoŋlaiɕataiuanegigiɛnesubinbund͡ʑi‖inuitoŋt͡sɔɕitʰuankausuind͡ʑiʔlaiesɔiiaʔulaŋkapiod͡ʑikiot͡sokauhuelomad͡ʑihiʔt͡ɕiaɕikant͡ɕʰiŋkaulo‖puʔd͡ʑikohiɛntaiesuioŋt͡ɕiabet͡ɕiom̩ɕikautɔkautɔmat͡ɕint͡sebehiaupiod͡ʑi‖]

Values

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
Initials
BilabialAlveolarAlveolo-palatalVelarGlottal
VoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoicedVoiceless
Nasalm [m]
ㄇ毛(moo)		n [n]
ㄋ耐(nāi)		ng [ŋ]
ㄫ雅(ngá)
PlosiveUnaspiratedp [p]
ㄅ邊(pian)		b [b]
ㆠ文(bûn)		t [t]
ㄉ地(tē)		k [k]
ㄍ求(kiû)		g [g]
ㆣ語(gí)
Aspiratedph [pʰ]
ㄆ波(pho)		th [tʰ]
ㄊ他(thann)		kh [kʰ]
ㄎ去(khì)
AffricateUnaspiratedts [ts]
ㄗ曾(tsan)		j [dz]
ㆡ熱(jua̍h)		tsi [tɕ]
ㄐ尖(tsiam)		ji [dʑ]
ㆢ入(ji̍p)
Aspiratedtsh [tsʰ]
ㄘ出(tshut)		tshi [tɕʰ]
ㄑ手(tshiú)
Fricatives [s]
ㄙ衫(sann)		si [ɕ]
ㄒ寫(siá)		h [h]
ㄏ喜(hí)
Laterall [l] ~ [ɾ]
ㄌ柳(liú)
Finals
BilabialAlveolarVelarGlottal
Nasal consonant-m [m]
ㆬ		-n [n]
ㄣ		-ng [ŋ]
ㆭ
Stop consonant-p [p̚]
ㆴ		-t [t̚]
ㆵ		-k [k̚]
ㆶ		-h [ʔ]
ㆷ
Syllabic consonant
BilabialVelar
Nasalm [m̩]
ㆬ 姆(ḿ)		ng [ŋ̍]
ㆭ 酸(sng)

Vowels & rhymes

[edit]
Simple & Nasal
FrontCentralBack
SimpleNasalSimpleNasalSimpleNasal
Closei [i]
ㄧ衣(i)		inn [ĩ]
ㆪ圓(înn)		u [u]
ㄨ污(u)		unn [ũ]
ㆫ張(tiunn)
Mide [e]
ㆤ禮(lé)		enn [ẽ]
ㆥ生(senn)		o[ə]
ㄜ高(ko)		oo [ɔ]
ㆦ烏(oo)		onn [ɔ̃]
ㆧ翁(onn)
Opena [a]
ㄚ查(tsa)		ann [ã]
ㆩ衫(sann)
Dialect
Tâi-lôIPABopomofo
ir[ɨ]ㆨ
er[ə]ㄜ
ee[ɛ]ㄝ
ere[əe]ㄜㆤ[a]
Vowel(s)Open syllabusNasalPlosive
[m][n][ŋ][p̚][t̚][k̚][ʔ]
[a]aannamanangapatakahannh
[ai]aiainnaihainnh
[au]auauh
[e]eennehennh
[i]iinniminingipitikihinnh
[ia]iaianniamianiangiapiatiakiahiannh
[iau]iauiaunniauh
[iə]ioioh
[iɔ]iongiok
[iu]iuiunniuhiunnh
Vowel(s)Open syllabusNasalPlosive
[m][n][ŋ][p̚][t̚][k̚][ʔ]
[ə]ooh
[ɔ]ooonnomongopokoohonnh
[u]uunutuh
[ua]uauannuanuatuah
[uai]uaiuainn
[ue]ueueh
[ui]ui
[m̩]m－mh
[ŋ̍]ng－ngh
  • ing pronounced [ɪəŋ],ik pronounced [ɪək̚].

Tones

[edit]
Tone No.12 (= 6)34578
Name陰平上聲陰去陰入陽平陽去陽入
im-pîngsiōng-siannim-khìim-ji̍piông-pîngiông-khìiông-ji̍p
SymbolNoneAcuteGraveNone (-p, -t, -k, -h)CircumflexmacronVertical line above (-p, -t, -k, -h)
◌◌́◌̀◌◌̂◌̄◌̍
Pitch˥˥˩˧˩˧ʔ˨˦˧˥ʔ
5551313ʔ24335ʔ
Exampletong (東)tóng (黨)tòng (棟)tok (督)tông (同)tōng (洞)to̍k (毒)

A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

Licit syllables[2]
Øbghjkkhlmnngpphstthtstsh
aabagahakakhalamanangapaphasatathatsatshaa
ahahbahhahkahkhahlahnahpahphahsahtahthahtsahtshahah
aiaibaigaihaikaikhailaimainaingaipaiphaisaitaithaitsaitshaiai
ainnainnhainnkainnkhainnphainntainntsainnainn
akakbakgakhakkakkhaklakpakphaksaktakthaktsaktshakak
amamgamhamkamkhamlamsamtamthamtsamtshamam
ananbanganhankankhanlanpanphansantanthantsantshanan
angangbangganghangkangkhanglangpangphangsangtangthangtsangtshangang
annannhannkannkhannphannsanntannthanntsanntshannann
annhhannhsannhannh
apaphapkapkhaplapsaptapthaptsaptshapap
atatbathatkatkhatlatpatsattatthattsattshatat
auaubaugauhaukaukhaulaumaunaungaupauphausautauthautsautshauau
auhkauhlauhmauhnauhphauhtauhtshauhauh
eebegehekekhelemenengepephesetethetsetshee
ehehbehhehkehkhehlehmehnehngehpehsehtehthehtsehtsheheh
ennennhennkennkhennpennphennsenntennthenntsenntshennenn
ennhhennhkhennhennh
iibigihijikikhiliminipiphisitithitsitshii
iaiagiahiajiakiakhiamianiangiasiatiatsiatshiaia
iahiahgiahhiahkiahkhiahliahpiahphiahsiahtiahthiahtsiahtshiahiah
iakkhiakpiakphiaksiaktiaktshiakiak
iamiamgiamhiamjiamkiamkhiamliamsiamtiamthiamtsiamtshiamiam
ianianbiangianhianjiankiankhianlianpianphiansiantianthiantsiantshianian
iangianggianghiangjiangkhiangliangpiangphiangsiangtsiangtshiangiang
ianniannhiannkiannpiannsianntiannthianntsianntshianniann
iannhhiannhiannh
iapiapgiaphiapjiapkiapkhiapliapsiaptiapthiaptsiaptshiapiap
iatiatbiatgiathiatjiatkiatkhiatliatpiatphiatsiattiatthiattsiattshiatiat
iauiaubiaugiauhiaujiaukiaukhiauliaumiauniaungiaupiauphiausiautiauthiautsiautshiauiau
iauhhiauhkhiauhngiauhiauh
iaunniaunniaunn
ihbihkhihmihnihpihphihsihtihthihtsihtshihih
ikikbikgikhikkiklikpikphiksiktikthiktsiktshikik
imimgimhimjimkimkhimlimsimtimthimtsimtshimim
ininbinginhinjinkinkhinlinpinphinsintinthintsintshinin
ingingbingginghingkingkhinglingpingphingsingtingthingtsingtshinging
inninnhinnkinnkhinnsinntinnthinntsinntshinninn
ioiobiogiohiojiokiokhioliopiophiosiotiothiotsiotshioio
iohiohgiohhiohkiohkhiohliohsiohtiohtsiohtshiohioh
iokiokgiokhiokjiokkiokkhioklioksioktiokthioktsioktshiokiok
iongionggionghiongjiongkiongkhiongliongsiongtiongthiongtsiongtshiongiong
ipiphipjipkipkhiplipsiptsiptshipip
ititbithitjitkitkhitpitphitsittittsittshitit
iuiubiugiuhiujiukiukhiuliuniupiusiutiuthiutsiutshiuiu
iunniunnhiunnkiunnkhiunnsiunntiunntsiunntshiunniunn
iunnhiunnhhiunnhiunnh
mmhmm
mhhmhmh
ngnghngkngkhngmngnngpngsngtngthngtsngtshngng
nghhnghphnghsnghtshnghngh
oobogohokokholopophosotothotsotshoo
ohohhohkohlohpohphohsohtohthohtsohtshohoh
okokbokgokhokkokkhoklokpokphoksoktokthoktsoktshokok
omomsomtomom
ongongbonggonghongkongkhonglongpongphongsongtongthongtsongtshongong
onnonnhonnkonnonn
onnhonnhhonnhonnh
ooooboogoohookookhooloomoonoongoopoophoosootoothootsootshoooo
oohmoohooh
uubuguhujukukhulupuphusututhutsutshuu
uauabuaguahuakuakhualuamuanuapuaphuasuatuathuatsuatshuaua
uahuahbuahhuahjuahkuahkhuahluahpuahphuahsuahthuahtsuahtshuahuah
uaiuaihuaikuaikhuaisuaiuai
uainnuainnhuainnkuainnsuainntsuainnuainn
uanuanbuanguanhuankuankhuanluanpuanphuansuantuanthuantsuantshuanuan
uanguangtshuanguang
uannuannhuannkuannkhuannpuannphuannsuanntuannthuanntshuannuann
uatuatbuatguathuatkuatkhuatluatpuatphuatsuattuatthuattsuatuat
ueuebueguehuejuekuekhueluepuephuesuetuetsuetshueue
uehuehbuehguehhuehkuehkhuehpuehphuehsuehueh
uhuhkhuhpuhphuhtuhthuhtsuhtshuhuh
uiuibuiguihuikuikhuiluimuipuiphuisuituithuitsuitshuiui
ununbungunhunjunkunkhunlunpunphunsuntunthuntsuntshunun
ututbuthutkutkhutlutputphutsuttutthuttsuttshutut
Øbghjkkhlmnngpphstthtstsh

Computing

[edit]

TheIETF language tags registernan-Latn-tailo for Tâi-lô text.[3]

Unicode codepoints

[edit]

The following are tone characters and their respective Unicode codepoints used in Tâi-lô. The tones used by Tâi-lô should useCombining Diacritical Marks instead ofSpacing Modifier Letters used bybopomofo.[4][5] As Tâi-lô is not encoded inBig5, the prevalent encoding used in Traditional Chinese, some Taiwanese Romanization System letters are not directly encoded in Unicode, instead should be typed using combining diacritical marks officially.[6]

Tâi-lô tone characters[1]
Base letter/Tone 1Tone 2Tone 3Tone 4Tone 5Tone 6Tone 7Tone 8Tone 9
Combining marḱ (U+0301)̀ (U+0300)ĥ (U+0302)̌ (U+030C)̄ (U+0304)̍h (U+030D)̋ (U+030B)
UppercaseAÁ (U+00C1)À (U+00C0)AHÂ (U+00C2)Ǎ (U+01CD)Ā (U+0100)A̍H (U+0041 U+030D)A̋ (U+0041 U+030B)
EÉ (U+00C9)È (U+00C8)EHÊ (U+00CA)Ě (U+011A)Ē (U+0112)E̍H (U+0045 U+030D)E̋ (U+0045 U+030B)
IÍ (U+00CD)Ì (U+00CC)IHÎ (U+00CE)Ǐ (U+01CF)Ī (U+012A)I̍H (U+0049 U+030D)I̋ (U+0049 U+030B)
OÓ (U+00D3)Ò (U+00D2)OHÔ (U+00D4)Ǒ (U+01D1)Ō (U+014C)O̍H (U+004F U+030D)Ő (U+0150)
UÚ (U+00DA)Ù (U+00D9)UHÛ (U+00DB)Ǔ (U+01D3)Ū (U+016A)U̍H (U+0055 U+030D)Ű (U+0170)
MḾ (U+1E3E)M̀ (U+004D U+0300)MHM̂ (U+004D U+0302)M̌ (U+004D U+030C)M̄ (U+004D U+0304)M̍H (U+004D U+030D)M̋ (U+004D U+030B)
NŃ (U+0143)Ǹ (U+01F8)NHN̂ (U+004E U+0302)Ň (U+0147)N̄ (U+004E U+0304)N̍H (U+004E U+030D)N̋ (U+004E U+030B)
Lowercaseaá (U+00E1)à (U+00E0)ahâ (U+00E2)ǎ (U+01CE)ā (U+0101)a̍h (U+0061 U+030D)a̋ (U+0061 U+030B)
eé (U+00E9)è (U+00E8)ehê (U+00EA)ě (U+011B)ē (U+0113)e̍h (U+0065 U+030D)e̋ (U+0065 U+030B)
ií (U+00ED)ì (U+00EC)ihî (U+00EE)ǐ (U+01D0)ī (U+012B)i̍h (U+0069 U+030D)i̋ (U+0069 U+030B)
oó (U+00F3)ò (U+00F2)ohô (U+00F4)ǒ (U+01D2)ō (U+014D)o̍h (U+006F U+030D)ő (U+0151)
uú (U+00FA)ù (U+00F9)uhû (U+00FB)ǔ (U+01D4)ū (U+016B)u̍h (U+0075 U+030D)ű (U+0171)
mḿ (U+1E3F)m̀ (U+006D U+0300)mhm̂ (U+006D U+0302)m̌ (U+006D U+030C)m̄ (U+006D U+0304)m̍h (U+006D U+030D)m̋ (U+006D U+030B)
nń (U+0144)ǹ (U+01F9)nhn̂ (U+006E U+0302)ň (U+0148)n̄ (U+006E U+0304)n̍h (U+006E U+030D)n̋ (U+006E U+030B)
Notes
1.^Yellow cells indicate that there are no single Unicode character for that letter; the character shown here uses Combining Diacritical Mark characters to display the letter.[5]

Characters not directly encoded in Unicode requires premade glyphs in fonts in order for applications to correctly display the characters.[5]

Font support

[edit]

Fonts that currently support POJ includes:

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^In version ofNgoo Siu-le [zh], /ɘe/ [ere] is spelled as [oe] while the Phonetic Symbol "ㄜ" is replaced with "".

Words in native languages

[edit]
  1. ^

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Táiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn"臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案 [Taiwan Taiwanese Romanization Scheme](PDF) (in Traditional Chinese). 2024-08-26 [2006-10-14]. Retrieved2024-09-19.
  2. ^abTáiwān Táiyǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn Shǐyòng Shǒucè臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案使用手冊 [User Manual for the Taiwan Taiwanese Romanization Scheme](PDF) (in Traditional Chinese).Ministry of Education (Taiwan). August 2024. Retrieved2024-09-19.
  3. ^"Language Subtag Registry". Internet Enginnering Task Force. 2024-05-16. Retrieved22 May 2024.
  4. ^aiongg (2020-11-22)."aiongg/POJFonts".GitHub - POJ Fonts.Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved2020-12-02.
  5. ^abcdTseng Gorong (2019-01-11)."談金萱的台羅變音符號設計".justfont blog (in Chinese (Taiwan)).Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved2020-12-02.
  6. ^"FAQ - Characters and Combining Marks".unicode.org.Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved2020-12-02.
  7. ^Iûⁿ (2009), p. 24
  8. ^"Fonts version 3.006 (OTF, TTF, WOFF, WOFF2, Variable)".GitHub. Adobe Systems Incorporated. 2010-09-06.Archived from the original on 2020-12-24. Retrieved2010-09-06.
  9. ^Iûⁿ, Ún-giân (2009).Processing Techniques for Written Taiwanese – Tone Sandhi and POS Tagging (PhD). National Taiwan University. p. 20.OCLC 367595113.

External links

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tâi-uân_Lô-má-jī_Phing-im_Hong-àn&oldid=1318723753"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp