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Taiwanese Hakka
toiˇ vanˇ hagˋ gaˊ ngiˊ / toiˇ vanˇ hagˋ fa Thòi-vàn Hak-kâ-ngî / Thòi-vàn Hak-fa
Pronunciation	Sixian:[tʰoi˩van˩hak̚˨fa˥] Hailu:[tʰoi˥van˥hak̚˨fa˩] Dapu:[tʰoi˧van˩˩˧kʰak̚˨˩fa˥˧] Raoping:[tʰoi˧van˥kʰak̚˥fa˨˦] Zhao'an:[tʰai˧ban˥˧kʰa˥su˥]
Native to	Taiwan
Region	Taoyuan,Miaoli,Hsinchu,Pingtung,Kaohsiung,Taichung,Nantou,Changhua,Yunlin,Yilan,Hualien andTaitung
Ethnicity	Hakka Taiwanese
Speakers	L1: 330,000 (2020)[1] L2: 870,000 (2020)[1] Total: 1.2 million (2020)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Hakka–Gan? Hakka–She? Hakka Yue-Tai &Hailu Taiwanese Hakka
Dialects	Sixian Hailu Raoping
Writing system	Latin (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ)
Official status
Official language in	Taiwan[a]
Regulated by	Hakka Affairs Council
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
ISO 639-6	htia
Glottolog	None
Linguasphere	79-AAA-gap
Proportion of residents aged 6 or older using Hakka at home in Taiwan, in 2010

Taiwanese Hakka is a language group consisting ofHakka dialects spoken inTaiwan, and mainly used bypeople of Hakka ancestry. Taiwanese Hakka is divided into five main dialects:Sixian,Hailu,Dabu,Raoping, andZhao'an.^[5] The most widely spoken of the five Hakka dialects in Taiwan are Sixian and Hailu.^[6] The former, possessing 6 tones, originates fromMeizhou,Guangdong, and is mainly spoken inMiaoli,Pingtung andKaohsiung, while the latter, possessing 7 tones, originates fromHaifeng andLufeng,Guangdong, and is concentrated aroundHsinchu.^[5][6] Taiwanese Hakka is also officially listed as one of the national languages of Taiwan. In addition to the five main dialects, there are the northern Xihai dialect and the patchily-distributed Yongding, Fengshun, Wuping, Wuhua, and Jiexi dialects.

In 2014, 4.2 million Taiwanese self-identified as Hakka, accounting for 18% of the population.^[7] The Hakka Affairs Council has designated 70 townships and districts across Taiwan where the Hakka account for more than a third of the total population, including 18 inMiaoli County, 11 inHsinchu County, and another 8 inPingtung,Hualien, andTaoyuan counties each.^[7]

With theintroduction of martial law in 1949, the KMT-led governmentrepressed Hakka, along with Taiwanese Hokkien and other indigenous languages in favor of Mandarin.^[8] In 1988, the Hakka community established the Restore My Mother Tongue Movement to advocate for the right to use and preserve the Hakka language.^[9] Language restrictions were relaxed after 1987 with the lifting of martial law and ensuing democratic reforms.^[8] In 2012, the ministry-levelHakka Affairs Council was established to stem the language's decline in Taiwan.^[10] In December 2017, theLegislative Yuan designated Hakka as an official national language of Taiwan.^[11]

While Hakka has official status in Taiwan, it has seen ongoing decline due to alanguage shift to the more dominantTaiwanese Mandarin andTaiwanese Hokkien.^[12] The number of Hakka speakers in Taiwan has declined by 1.1% per year, particularly among youth.^[10] In 2016, only 22.8% of self-identifying Hakkas aged 19 to 29 spoke the language.^[13] Today, Taiwanese Hakka tends to be used within families and within local communities, which has reduced intergenerational transmission.^[12] An estimated 2 million Hakkas now self-identify asHoklo.^[12] Furthermore, the great diversity of Hakka dialects used throughout Taiwan has impeded standardization of Hakka for teaching.^[12]

• Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System
• Languages of Taiwan

• Taiwan MOE website on the Hakka Language.
• 臺灣客家語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Hakka] (in Traditional Chinese). Ministry of Education, R.O.C. 2016. Archived fromthe original on 28 December 2015. Retrieved1 June 2017.

• Hakka Chinese
• Languages of Taiwan
• Hakka culture in Taiwan

• Language articles citing Ethnologue 28
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• Use dmy dates from February 2025
• Pages with Hakka IPA
• Languages with ISO6 code
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• Dialects of languages with ISO 639-3 code
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