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Taiwanese Hakka
臺灣客家語 / 臺灣客話 toiˇ vanˇ hagˋ gaˊ ngiˊ / toiˇ vanˇ hagˋ fa thòi-vàn hak-kâ-ngî / thòi-vàn hak-fa
Pronunciation	Sixian:[tʰoi˩van˩hak̚˨fa˥] Hailu:[tʰoi˥van˥hak̚˨fa˩] Dapu:[tʰoi˧van˩˩˧kʰak̚˨˩fa˥˧] Raoping:[tʰoi˧van˥kʰak̚˥fa˨˦] Zhao'an:[tʰai˧ban˥˧kʰa˥su˥]
Native to	Taiwan
Region	Taoyuan,Miaoli,Hsinchu,Pingtung,Kaohsiung,Taichung,Nantou,Changhua,Yunlin,Yilan,Hualien andTaitung
Ethnicity	Hakka Taiwanese
Speakers	L1: 330,000 (2020)[1] L2: 870,000 (2020)[1] Total: 1.2 million (2020)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Hakka–Gan? Hakka–She? Hakka Yue-Tai &Hailu Taiwanese Hakka
Dialects	Sixian Hailu Dapu Raoping Zhao'an
Writing system	Latin (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ) Traditional Chinese characters
Official status
Official language in	Taiwan[a]
Regulated by	Hakka Affairs Council
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
ISO 639-6	htia
Glottolog	None
Linguasphere	79-AAA-gap
Proportion of residents aged 6 or older using Hakka at home in Taiwan, in 2010

Taiwanese Hakka is a language group consisting ofHakka dialects spoken inTaiwan, and mainly used bypeople of Hakka ancestry. Taiwanese Hakka is divided into five main dialects:Sixian,Hailu,Dapu,Raoping, andZhao'an.^[5] The most widely spoken of the five Hakka dialects in Taiwan are Sixian and Hailu.^[6] The former, possessing 6 tones, originates fromMeizhou,Guangdong, and is mainly spoken inMiaoli,Pingtung andKaohsiung, while the latter, possessing 7 tones, originates fromHaifeng andLufeng,Guangdong, and is concentrated aroundHsinchu.^[5][6] Taiwanese Hakka is also officially listed as one of the national languages of Taiwan. In addition to the five main dialects, there are the northern Xihai dialect and the patchily distributed Yongding, Fengshun, Wuping, Wuhua, and Jiexi dialects.

In 2014, 4.2 million Taiwanese self-identified as Hakka, accounting for 18% of the population.^[7] The Hakka Affairs Council has designated 70 townships and districts across Taiwan where the Hakka account for more than a third of the total population, including 18 inMiaoli County, 11 inHsinchu County, and another 8 inPingtung,Hualien, andTaoyuan counties each.^[7]

With theintroduction of martial law in 1949, the KMT-led governmentrepressed Hakka, along with Taiwanese Hokkien and other indigenous languages in favor of Mandarin.^[8] In 1988, the Hakka community established the Restore My Mother Tongue Movement to advocate for the right to use and preserve the Hakka language.^[9] Language restrictions were relaxed after 1987 with the lifting of martial law and ensuing democratic reforms.^[8] In 2012, the ministry-levelHakka Affairs Council was established to stem the language's decline in Taiwan.^[10] In December 2017, theLegislative Yuan designated Hakka as an official national language of Taiwan.^[11]

While Hakka has official status in Taiwan, it has seen ongoing decline due to alanguage shift to the more dominantTaiwanese Mandarin andTaiwanese Hokkien.^[12] The number of Hakka speakers in Taiwan has declined by 1.1% per year, particularly among youth.^[10] In 2016, only 22.8% of self-identifying Hakkas aged 19 to 29 spoke the language.^[13] Today, Taiwanese Hakka tends to be used within families and within local communities, which has reduced intergenerational transmission.^[12] An estimated 2 million Hakkas now self-identify asHoklo.^[12] Furthermore, the great diversity of Hakka dialects used throughout Taiwan has impeded standardization of Hakka for teaching.^[12]

• Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System
• Languages of Taiwan

• Taiwan MOE website on the Hakka Language.
• 臺灣客家語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Hakka] (in Traditional Chinese). Ministry of Education, R.O.C. 2016. Archived fromthe original on 28 December 2015. Retrieved1 June 2017.

• Hakka Chinese
• Languages of Taiwan
• Hakka culture in Taiwan

• Language articles citing Ethnologue 28
• CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)
• CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)
• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Articles needing translation from Chinese Wikipedia
• Use dmy dates from February 2025
• Pages with Hakka IPA
• Languages with ISO6 code
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• Language articles with Linguasphere code
• Dialects of languages with ISO 639-3 code
• Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with Linguasphere code
• CS1 Traditional Chinese-language sources (zh-hant)