TPz Fuchs 1
TPz 1 Fuchs
Type	6x6 Amphibiousarmoured personnel carrier
Place of origin	Germany
Service history
In service	1979–present
Used by	Bundeswehr and other (see Operators)
Production history
Designer	Daimler-Benz
Designed	1961–1979
Manufacturer	Rheinstahl Wehrtechnik (original)
Produced	1979 - 2004
No. built	1,236 (estimate)
Variants	German Army variants TPz 1/Standard, 504 delivered[1] TPz 1A1/EloKa, 87 delivered (notamphibious) TPz 1A2/Funk, 265 delivered fitted with a Rüstsatz (installation kit for various roles) TPz 1A3/ABC orSpürpanzer Fuchs, 140 delivered (NBC reconnaissance vehicle) TPz 1A7 (upgrade) TPz 1A8 (upgrade)
Specifications (TPz 1A8[3])
Mass	17,000 kg (37,000 lb) unladen 23,500 kg (51,800 lb) combat
Length	6.8 m (22 ft)
Width	2.98 m (9.8 ft)
Height	2.5 m (8.2 ft)
Crew	2 + 10
Armor	Steel armour (various upgrades and applique kits developed)
Main armament	Varies, 1xRheinmetall MG3 machine gun[2]
Secondary armament	Smoke grenade launchers
Engine	Mercedes-Benz Model OM 402A V-8 liquid-cooleddiesel engine 320 hp (240 kW) at 2,500rpm
Payload capacity	6,500 kg (14,300 lb)
Transmission	ZF 6HP500automatic transmission with 6 forward and 1 reverse gears coupled to a single-speedtransfer case to all axles
Suspension	coil springs andshock absorbers
Fuel capacity	390 L (86 imp gal; 100 US gal)
Operational range	800 km (500 mi)
Maximum speed	105 km/h (65 mph) 10 km/h (6.2 mph) in water

TPz Fuchs 2
TPz 2 Fuchs
Type	6x6 Wheeledarmoured personnel carrier
Place of origin	Germany
Service history
In service	2007 (first deliveries) to date
Used by	Algeria, Kuwait, United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates
Production history
Designer	Daimler-Benz (original Fuchs 1); Fuchs 2 is a development of Fuchs 1 by the nowRMMV
Designed	Overarching project for a complete vehicle range from 1964
Manufacturer	Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV)
Produced	Since 2005
No. built	564 (1,800 for TPz Fuchs 1 and 2)[4]
Specifications (TPz Fuchs 2)
Mass	17,000 kg (unladen approx.) 23,000 kg (combat)
Length	6.83 m (22.4 ft)
Width	3.04 m (10.0 ft)
Height	2.54 m (8.3 ft)
Crew	2 + 9
Armor	Steel armour (various upgrades and applique kits developed)
Main armament	Varies, 2 xMG 3 general purpose machine guns
Engine	MTU6V 199 TE20 V6turbocharged water-cooled4-strokeEURO 3 compliantdiesel 456 hp (340 kW) at 1,800 rpm
Payload capacity	6000 kg
Transmission	ZF 6HP 602 fully automatic with 6 forward and 1 reverse gears coupled to a STU single-speedtransfer case
Suspension	coil springs and shock absorbers
Fuel capacity	390 L
Operational range	800 km (500 mi)
Maximum speed	105 km/h (65 mph) 10 km/h (6.2 mph) in water

TheTPz Fuchs fromTransportpanzer Fuchs is a Germanarmoured personnel carrier originally developed byDaimler-Benz, and manufactured and further developed byRheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV). Fuchs was the second wheeled armoured vehicle to enter service with theBundeswehr (West German military).^[5] It can be used for tasks including troop transport, engineer transport,bomb disposal,nuclear, biological and chemical reconnaissance andelectronic warfare. RMMV and its predecessors manufactured 1,236 Fuchs 1, mostly for theGerman Army.

Further development of the design resulted in the Fuchs 2, first shown in 2001. The enhanced Fuchs 2 is currently in production. Known customers include theAlgerian Army, theKuwait Army and theUnited Arab Emirates Army (UAE).^[3]

In 1977, Rheinstahl Wehrtechnik (which in 1996 becameHenschel Wehrtechnik, then Rheinmetall Landsysteme and nowRheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV), under licence fromDaimler-Benz, was awarded a contract by theGerman Army for 996 Transportpanzer Fuchs 1. The first production vehicle was handed over in December 1979, with deliveries running at 160 per year and concluding in late 1986.^[3]

German Army designations for Fuchs 1 as delivered were:

• TPz 1/Standard, 504 delivered (TPz 1 Standard could be fitted with various installation kits for different battlefield missions)
• TPz 1A1/EloKa, 87 delivered (electronic warfare variant, not amphibious)
• TPz 1A2/Funk, 265 delivered (command vehicle, fitted with a Mission Kit (installation kit) for various roles)
• TPz 1A3/ABC or Spürpanzer Fuchs, 140 delivered (NBC reconnaissance vehicle).^[3]

By early 1998 the German Army had upgraded 55 Fuchs 1 with additional protection, for use in the formerYugoslavia.^[3]

In 1997, as a further development of the Fuchs 1, two pre-production Fuchs KRK (Krisenreaktionskräfte - German: "Crisis Reaction Forces") were built, with production vehicle options for 50 units expected in 1999. The type never entered quantity production.^[3]

In 2002, the GermanBWB awarded a €45 million contract to upgrade 123 Fuchs 1 APCs. The work was carried out between 2004 and 2007 atKassel, where the vehicles were originally built. Vehicles upgraded under this contract were given the TPz A7 designation.^[3]

The latest upgraded Fuchs 1 are given the TPz A8 designation. Deliveries of these to theGerman Army began in March 2008. It introduced improved protection against mines andIEDs, specially for German units stationed in Afghanistan.^[6] The most recent TPz A8 upgrade award brought totals to 168 vehicles. Late in 2013, it was stated that, in the long term, the German Army planned to retain a fleet of up to 728 Fuchs 1 upgraded to TPz A8 standard.^[3]

Continued development of the Fuchs 1 resulted in the Fuchs 2. It was shown to the public for the first time at the 2001MSPO inPoland. In 2005, the first order for Fuchs 2 was for Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) reconnaissance variants for the United Arab Emirates (UAE).^[7][8]

In 2014, theGerman Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy confirmed that it had approved the transfer of production equipment toAlgeria to enable local production of the Fuchs 2.^[7]

Kuwait ordered a batch of Fuchs 2 in 2015. These will be manufactured in Germany.^{[7][needs update]}

The hull of the Fuchs is constructed of all-weldedarmoured steel. The driver sits at the front on the left, with the vehicle commander to his right. There are doors for both the driver and commander. The door windows and windscreen have metal shutters that can be closed up. When closed up, theperiscopes fitted in the roof of the vehicle, to the front of the driver's hatch, allow visibility out of the cabin. The commander has a circular roof hatch.^{[citation needed]}

The troop/cargo compartment, which is at the rear of the vehicle, is 3.2 m (10 ft) long, 1.25 m (4.1 ft) high and 1.5 m (4.9 ft) wide at its widest point. On the Fuchs 2, the roof height has been raised by 145 mm (5.7 in) for greater internal volume.^[9] Two assisted doors are fitted at the rear. On the Fuchs 2, a ramp is an option.

There are three or four hatches in the roof of the troop compartment. In APC configuration, the teninfantrymen carried by Fuchs 1 are seated on individual bucket-type seats, five on each side. These seats can be folded up when not required. Fuchs 2 seats up to nine on much-improved blast-resistant seating.^{[citation needed]}

The normalamphibious payload for Fuchs 1 is 4,000 kg (8,800 lb). Depending on configuration and protection options, up to 5,000 kg of cargo can be carried on land. The Fuchs 2 has a maximum payload of 6,000 kg.^{[citation needed]}

Motive power for the Fuchs 1 is provided by aMercedes-Benz Model OM 402AV8 12.8-litre water-cooleddiesel engine, with 320 hp (240 kW).^[5] This is coupled in apowerpack set-up, to a six-speedplanetary geartorque converter transmission. In the Fuchs 2, the powerpack is upgraded to a MTU 6V 199 TE20 V6 11.9-litre water-cooled EURO 3 emissions compliant diesel^[9] producing 456 hp (340 kW). This is coupled to a ZF 6HP 602fully automatic six-speed transmission with integrated retarder.^[8] For test purposes, the power pack of the Fuchs can be run outside the vehicle.

Therigid Mercedes-Benz drive axles are of the hub-reduction type, fitted with differential locks and are sprung by progressively acting coil springs and shock-absorbers. Power-steering is on the front four wheels. The Fuchs 2 offers the option of a central tyre inflation system (CTIS).^[8] The 1400 R20 tyres are of the run-flat type. On land the maximum speed is 105 km/h (65 mph). The operational range is 800 km.

The Fuchs was designed as anamphibious vehicle. Water propulsion is provided by two four-bladedpropellers^[5] mounted one either side of the hull at the rear. Maximum water speed is approx. 8 km/h. For steering, the propellers can be swivelled through 360°. Before entering the water, a trim vane, which is stowed on theglacis plate when travelling, is hydraulically erected.Bilge pumps are fitted. As part of the TPz A8 upgrade, the amphibious capability is removed, but the vehicles can wade up to 1.3 m.

The welded steel hull of the Fuchs was designed to protect the crew fromarmor-piercing small arms fire and shell splinters. For service with the United NationsImplementation Force (IFOR) operating inBosnia, a higher level of protection was required and a batch of Fuchs 1 were upgraded with passive fibre compound add-on armour package developed byIBD-Deisenroth. This armour package includes an add-on armour mounted externally on the sides of the hull; internalspall liners fitted to the hull sides, rear and roof to reduce the secondary effects of particles having penetrated the main armour; additional elements in the floor area of the front and rear compartments to provide increased protection againstmines; new windows with increased protection and modification of the window protective shields.

The TPz A7 upgrade included protection enhancements, as does the current TPz A8 upgrade. For the TPz A7 and A8 upgrades, additional elements protect the underside and lower part of the hull against blast andIED threats.

The baseline Fuchs 2 provides protection against small arms armour-piercing attack through a full 360°. To meet different threat levels, the Fuchs 2 has been designed to be fitted with enhanced passive armour packages developed by IBD.

To enhance survivability while conducting Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT), Rheinmetall has developed a modular upgrade package for installation on tracked and wheeled armoured vehicles. A MOUT demonstrator vehicle was completed in 2008, based on the Fuchs 1.

Armament varies according to mission requirements. The Fuchs 1 can mount a 7.62 mmRheinmetall MG3 general-purpose machine gun over the commander's position. Vehicles of the Armoured Reconnaissance Battalion,Panzergrenadiers mechanized infantry, theFranco-German Brigade, themountain infantry and theJägers of theGerman Army have previously been fitted with the MILAN anti-tank guided missile, but these are no longer in service. All vehicles have six 76 mm grenade dischargers mounted to fire forwards. Vehicles deployed to Afghanistan were equipped with aGMG grenade launcher or anM2 Browning heavy machine gun instead of an MG3.^{[citation needed]}

The Fuchs 2 can be fitted with a wide range of weapon systems up to and including a 30 mm cannon and 7.62 mm MG, as well as various missile installations, such as anti-tank missiles.^{[citation needed]}

Standard equipment for the Fuchs 2 includes an NBC system and an air conditioning system. Numerous options available include an automatic fire detection and suppression system, winch, global positioning system and an auxiliary power unit (APU).^{[citation needed]}

The TPz Fuchs has been spotted in a number of variants, which, if anything, speaks to its great versatility.

Some of the variants discovered so far are listed below:^{[citation needed]}

• TPz Fuchs APC - Unarmed Transport version
• TPz Fuchs APC - Armed with 7.62mm MG
• TPz Fuchs Milan - Armed with a single Euromissile Milan launcher
• TPz Fuchs EM MCT - (Euromissile Milan compact turret). Was equipped with a twin Milan Launcher mounted on top of the Fuchs vehicle.
• TPz Fuchs PARS 3 MR - Was armed with a single PARS 3 MR launcher
• "JgdPz" Fuchs - Was equipped with a quad turret of PARS 3 MR launchers
• Wildcat 30 - A twin 30mm Self-Propelled-Anti-Air-Gun system
• Fuchs with Cockerill 90mm gun turret
• Fuchs JAGM - Tank Destroyer version.^[10]

Germany (1,041)

996 Fuchs 1 delivered from 1979, 45 additional Fuchs 1 were ordered in 1991. Various upgrades undertaken including 124 to TPz A7 standard and 168 to latest TPz A8 standard (728 required).^[3]

Israel (8)

8 Fuchs NBC were loaned from German Army stocks during the first Gulf War. These are thought to remain in use.^[3]

Kuwait (11)

11 Fuchs 1.^[3]

Netherlands (24)

24 electronic warfare Fuchs 1 variants delivered. In 2006 12 of these were converted to an NBC role.^[3]

Norway (8)

8 Fuchs 1 NBC.^[3][9]

Saudi Arabia (36)

36 Fuchs 1 were delivered (exact date unknown). 14 APC, 8 ambulance, 4 command post, 10 NBC.^[3]

United Arab Emirates (32)

Fuchs 2 NBC reconnaissance vehicles ordered in February 2005 under a contract valued at €160 million (US$205 million).^[9] The order comprises 16 NBC reconnaissance vehicles, eight bio vehicles and eight command post vehicles, which will provide the UAE with a complete NBC detection capability linked to a command-and-control system.^[9]

United Kingdom (11)

Eleven Fuchs 1 NBC variants (ex-German Army) delivered in 1990. These vehicles were put into storage in 2011. A regeneration project was launched in February 2014. Eight vehicles are used by Falcon Squadron,Royal Tank Regiment,22 Engineer Regiment with one attrition reserve and two training vehicles. The Fuchs Regeneration and Availability Service contract secured the vehicle's service life until 2019.^{[3][11][12][13]} The UK used a small number of electronic warfare versions during the 1991 Gulf War^[14] In October 2020, RBSL (Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land) announced a £16 million sustainment contract award for the UK MoD's Fuchs fleet and training simulator. The award will address equipment-related obsolescence issues and upgrade the system with the latest generation of sensing capabilities. The new support contract includes technical support, provision of spares and repairs, maintenance, training, and design services.^[15]

United States (123)

123 (current estimate) Fuchs 1, designated M93 Fox.^[3] The General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) M93 Fox NBCRS (Nuclear Biological Chemical Reconnaissance System) vehicle is the US variant of the Fuchs 1 NBC reconnaissance vehicle. The requirement for an NBC reconnaissance vehicle, for use by US Forces in the European theatre, was first recognised and a three-phase program initiated in the late 1980s.^[16] The first phase of the project involved the evaluation of three vehicles types. The Fuchs (M93) was selected in July 1989. Phase II of the program, the Interim System Production (ISP) phase, resulted in the purchase of 48 vehicles. The Phase II vehicles were provided in two batches, one of eight vehicles and the other of 40. Phase II was completed in 1993. Phases III and IV would have included the US-licensed production of an additional 210 vehicles, supplementing the 48 already produced.^[16] In mid-1995, it was announced that the US Army had already received a previously unannounced batch of 60 ex-German Army vehicles for Operation Desert Storm. When in use by the US Army in the first Gulf War these were known by the XM93 designation. Due to downsizing of the US Army, the 210 vehicles to be purchased in Phases III and IV were not ordered. Under a number of contract awards from 1991 until around 2002, and through an interim XM931 designation, at least 128 vehicles were upgraded to M93A1 standard.^[16] From 2005, 31 vehicles were further upgraded in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom to M93A1P1 standard. To support operations in the Southwest Asia (SWA) region, an Urgent Material Requirement (UMR) was issued covering various upgrades to P2 standard for the M93A1P1.^[16] The exact number of M93 Fox NBCRS in service with the US Armed Forces is not clear. It is thought that the fleet comprised 122 vehicles, though the exact mix of M93A1, M93A1P1 and M93A1P2 variants is unknown. The previous mix, as of May 2010^[update], was 86 M93A1, 22 of the M93A1P1 and 14 M93A1P2, with upgrades from the earlier variants to the M93A1P2 standard ongoing. The M93 is expected to be replaced in US service by theStryker NBCRV.^[3][16]

Venezuela (20)

Ten Fuchs 1 were ordered and delivered in 1983. These vehicles did not have the standard NBC system installed but had 76 mm smoke grenade dischargers, an 8,000 kg capacity winch, an air conditioning system and two roof-mounted weapon systems. To the rear of the engine compartment is a Rheinmetall Landsysteme one-person turret, with an externally mounted 12.7 mm heavy machine gun. Behind this and facing the rear is a 7.62 mm light machine gun. These vehicles have full amphibious capability. Venezuela has fitted the US 106 mm M40A1 recoilless rifle to the roof of several vehicles.^[3] In February 2021 it was reported that these vehicles would be repaired and updated.^[17]

Fuchs 2

Algeria (> 500)

Algeria is one of the only user of the TPz Fuchs 2. As Rheinmetall mentions having produced more than 1,800 TPz Fuchs, and a total of 1,236 Fuchs 1 was produced, it would mean that at least 564 Fuchs 2 were manufactured.^[18] As for the background, the German Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy confirmed that it had approved the transfer of production equipment to Algeria for production of the Fuchs 2 (6 × 6) family of vehicles. 980 Fuchs 2 were required by the Algerian Army. The first export licence for the Fuchs 2 for Algeria was approved in 2011 followed by approval for production sets to Algeria in August 2013. In June 2014 Rheinmetall confirmed that the contract was worth €2.7 billion (US$3.7 billion) and covered the supply of 980 units. The first batch of 54 Fuchs 2 for Algeria have come from the German production line and will be followed by progressive transfer of production to Algeria, but with major subsystems such as power packs and drive lines continuing to come from Germany.^[7]

In 2024, an export contract was signed by Rheinmetall for the export of parts for the production of the Fuchs 2 until 2028.^[19]

Kuwait (12)

12 Fuchs 2 ordered in mid-2015. These will be in NBC reconnaissance configuration, and deliveries will start in 2017. The contract covers training, service and spare parts.^[7]

Turkey (2)

Two Fuchs 1 were loaned during the first Gulf War and later returned.^[3]

Germany (around 1,000 in total)

Several programmes are ongoing to select new vehicles in the German Army that might see the TPz Fuchs 2 as the selected one:^[20]

• ProgrammeSpähfahrzeug Next Generation, vehicle to be named"Korsak", the replacement of the Fennek scout vehicle.^[6] The competitors are planned to be around 20 tons and 6×6 vehicles:Mowag Piranha 6×6,Patria 6×6, and the TPz Fuchs Evolution (Rheinmetall),
• Replacement of the TPz Fuchs 1 APC: The main role of the successor would be an Armoured Personnel Carrier. The competitors are thePatria 6×6, thePandur Evo 6×6 and the TPz Fuchs 2.^[21] Although the German government signed an agreement to develop in common theCommon Armored Vehicle System" (CAVS), thePatria 6×6, the replacement of the Fuchs APC remains in competition.^[20][22]
• ProgrammeZukSysIndF kRw(“Zukünftiges System Indirektes Feuer kleiner Reichweite"): The goal of the programme is to have up to 120 mortar carriers based on the TPz Fuchs successor.^[23]

Ukraine (20)

Rheinmetall announced that they want to start to produce KF-41 and TPz Fuchs 2 in Ukraine as soon as 2024. There is uncertainty around the project.^[24]

• 
  A TPz1 Fuchs Pionier.
• 
  An M93 Fox
• 
  A TPz FUCHS 1 of the Dutch army in electronic warfare configuration.
• 
  TPz FUCHS 1A8 NBC variants of Norwegian armed forces.
• 
  A TPz FUCHS 1A8A3 PzAufkl Bw of the German army.
• 
  TPz FUCHS 2 NBC variants of the Emirati military.

• Boxer IFV – (Germany, Netherlands)

Comparable 6x6 systems

• Pandur I – (Austria)
• Patria Pasi – (Finland)
• Patria 6x6 – (Finland)
• VEC-M1 – (Spain)
• LAV I – (Canada)
• VBTP-MR Guarani – (Brazil)
• Otokar Arma – (Turkey)
• Ratel IFV – (South Africa)
• Type 87 RCV – (Japan)
• WZ-551 – (China)
• Anoa (armoured personnel carrier) – (Indonesia)

• RMMV Fuchs 2 military brochure (2014)
• Rheinstahl Wehrtechnik Fuchs military sales literature (1980s)
• Jane's Armour & Artillery 2011/2012ISBN 0710629605Jane’s Land Warfare Platforms: Armoured Fighting Vehicles
• Tank Recognition Guide (Jane's) (Jane's Recognition Guide)ISBN 0007183267

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