 | |
Native name | TCDD Taşımacılık A.Ş. |
|---|---|
| Company type | Closed joint-stock company |
| Industry | Railway transport,Logistics |
| Predecessor | Turkish State Railways |
| Founded | 14 June 2016; 9 years ago (2016-06-14) |
| Headquarters | , |
Area served | Turkey |
Key people | Ufuk Yalçın (Chairman) Çetin Altun (Vice Chairman and Board Member) Fikret Şinasi Kazancıoğlu (Vice Chairman) |
| Products | Rail transport,Cargotransport,Services |
| Owner | Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Turkey) (100%) |
| Website | www |
TCDD Transport orTurkish State Railways Transport (Turkish:TCDD Taşımacılık, reporting markTCDDT) is agovernment-owned railway company responsible for the operations of most passenger and freightrail in Turkey. The company was formed on 14 June 2016, splitting off fromTurkish State Railways (TCDD) to take over railway operations, while TCDD would continue to administer railway infrastructure.[1] TCDD Taşımacılık officially began operations on 1 January 2017.
TCDD Taşımacılık operates trains on a network of over 12,430 km (7,720 mi) within 59 of the 81 provinces in Turkey.
TCDD Taşımacılık is agovernment-owned company responsible for the operation of passenger and freight railways within Turkey, including logistical centers andtrain ferries (Tatvan-VanArchived 2023-01-17 at theWayback Machine) using infrastructure owned and maintained by theTurkish State Railways.[1]
TCDD Taşımacılık operates passenger rail service on most of its network. Passenger trains service most major cities in Turkey, although a few are without train service, such asBursa andAntalya. TCDD Taşımacılık operates five types of passenger rail on its network:
TCDD Transport operates on the 12,532 km longTurkish rail network, and currently 90% is served by passenger trains.
| Name | Type | Route | Numbers | Daily trip(s) | Route kilometres |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yüksek Hızlı Tren | High-speed | Ankara – Eskişehir | 81103 | 1x | 246 |
| Eskişehir-Ankara | 81100 | 1x | 246 | ||
| Ankara – Eskișehir – Bilecik – İzmit – Istanbul | 81005, 81007, 81009, 81011, 81013, 81015, 81017, 81019, 81021, 81023(Söğütlüçeşme) 81031, 81033(Halkalı) | 12x | 594 | ||
| Istanbul– İzmit – Bilecik – Eskișehir – Ankara | 81002, 81004, 81006, 81008, 81010, 81012, 81014, 81016, 81018, 81020, 81022, 81024(Söğütlüçeşme) 81030, 81032(Halkalı) | 12x | 594 | ||
| Ankara – Konya | 81201, 81203, 81205, 81209 | 4x | 312 | ||
| Konya-Ankara | 81200, 81202, 81204, 81206 | 4x | 312 | ||
| Ankara – Konya – Karaman | 81271, 81273 | 2x | 414 | ||
| Karaman – Konya – Ankara | 81270, 81272, (81341+81206Connection @ Konya) | 2x | 414 | ||
| Ankara – Kırıkkale - Yozgat – Sivas | 81402, 81404 | 2x | |||
| Sivas – Yozgat – Kırıkkale - Ankara | 81401, 81403 | 2x | |||
| Istanbul – İzmit – Bilecik – Eskişehir | 81502 | 1x | |||
| Eskişehir – Bilecik – İzmit – Istanbul | 81501 | 1x | |||
| Istanbul – İzmit – Bilecik – Eskişehir – Konya | 81302, 81304, 81306, 81308 | 4x | |||
| Konya – Eskişehir – Bilecik – İzmit – Istanbul | 81301, 81303, 81305, 81307 | 4x | |||
| Istanbul – İzmit – Bilecik – Eskişehir – Konya – Karaman | 81340(Halkalı), (81304+81273Connection @ Konya) | 1x | |||
| Karaman – İzmit – Bilecik – Eskişehir – Konya – Karaman | 81341(Halkalı), (81270+81305Connection @ Konya) | 1x | |||
| Istanbul – İzmit – Bilecik – Eskişehir – Ankara – Kırıkkale - Yozgat - Sivas | 81458(Halkalı), (81012+81404Connection @ Ankara) | 1x | |||
| Sivas – Yozgat – Kırıkkale – Ankara - Eskişehir – Bilecik – İzmit - Istanbul | 813459(Halkalı), (81401+81013Connection @ Ankara) | 1x |
The second main intercity service of the company are the mainline trains known asExpress orMain Line (Turkish:Ekspres, Ana Hat). These trains connect major Turkish cities throughout the country but they are progressively stopped as theYHT network expands.
| Name | Type | Route | Numbers | Daily round trips | Route kilometres |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4th of September Blue Train | Blue | Ankara – Kırıkkale – Kayseri – Sivas – Malatya | 22018, 52019 | Daily | |
| İzmir Blue Train | Blue | İzmir – Manisa – Balıkesir – Kütahya – Eskişehir – Ankara | 22006, 32005 | Daily | 824 |
| Konya Blue Train | Blue | İzmir – Manisa –Uşak –Afyonkarahisar –Konya | 72008, 32007 | Daily | 693 |
| 6th of September Express | Express | İzmir – Manisa – Balıkesir –Bandırma | Daily | 341 | |
| 17th of September Express | Express | İzmir – Manisa – Balıkesir –Bandırma | Daily | 341 | |
| Aegean Express | Express | İzmir –Manisa –Balıkesir –Kütahya –Eskişehir | 32011, 72018 | Daily | 576 |
| Ankara Express | Express | Istanbul –İzmit –Bilecik – Eskişehir –Ankara | 22001, 12002 | Daily | 610 |
| Eastern Express | Express | Ankara –Kırıkkale –Kayseri –Sivas –Erzurum –Kars | 22010, 42009 | Daily | 1,365 |
| Erciyes Express | Express | Kayseri –Niğde –Adana | 22002, 62001 | Daily | |
| Lakes Express | Express | İzmir –Aydın –Denizli –Burdur –Isparta | 32015, 72016 | Daily | |
| Lake Van Express | Express | Ankara – Kırıkkale – Kayseri – Sivas – Malatya – Elazığ –Muş –Tatvan | 22012, 52011 | Twice-weekly | |
| Pamukkale Express | Express | Eskişehir – Kütahya – Afyonkarahisar – Denizli | 72013, 72014 | Daily | 421 |
| Roses Express | Express | İzmir –Aydın –Denizli –Burdur –Isparta | Daily | ||
| Southern Kurtalan Express | Express | Ankara – Kırıkkale – Kayseri – Sivas – Malatya –Diyarbakır –Batman –Kurtalan | 22014, 52013 | 5 weekly roundtrips | |
| Taurus Express | Express | Konya –Karaman – Adana | 62005, 62006 | Temporarily halted | 668 |
| Euphrates Express | Express | Adana –Osmaniye – Malatya – Elazığ | Temporarily suspended due toEarthquakes | ||
| Touristic Eastern Express | Touristic | Ankara –Kırıkkale –Kayseri –Sivas –Erzurum –Kars | 3 times a week | 1,365 |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Successor | Yüksek Hızlı Tren |
| Current operator | TCDD Taşımacılık |
| Former operator | TCDD |
| Route | |
| Train number | 2 |
The Blue Train (Turkish:Mavi Tren) is theTurkish State Railways premier passenger train service started in the 1980s. The first, simply called Blue Train, operated betweenIstanbul andAnkara, entering service in 1979.[2] More Blue Train services were added later on. Theİzmir Blue Train,Central Anatolia Blue Train,Çukurova Blue Train and4th of September Blue Train were are overnight trains. These trains had custom railcars, built byTÜVASAŞ, all painted blue with a blue paintedDE 24000 series locomotive pulling the train. The current remnant is just a branding with regular rolling stock. Today there are only three blue trains are in service.
High-speed rail service is TCDD Taşımacılık's premier trains service, currently operating eight routes betweenIstanbul,Ankara,Eskişehir,Sivas,Karaman andKonya along theAnkara-Istanbul,Ankara–Sivas,Konya-Karaman andPolatlı-Konya high-speed railways.[3] High-speed trains are branded asYüksek Hızlı Tren orYHT and operates at speeds of up to 250 km/h (160 mph). YHT train service is expected to expand further toBursa andİzmir in 2027.
YHT trains useAnkara station as their main hub, with an exclusive concourse and lounges within theAnkara Tren Garı building, built over the southern platforms at Ankara station.
High-speed train service began on 13 March 2009, between Ankara and Eskişehir and in its final year before TCDD Taşımacılık took over, YHT trains carried over 5.89 million passengers.[4]
Intercity rail in Turkey is known asMainline (Turkish:Anahat) service. Mainline trains operate between major cities, often as overnight trains, and make limited stops. Mainline trains also operate at greater speeds than regional and commuter trains when the route permits it. Intercity trains were operated the most between Istanbul and Ankara and reached speeds of up to 140 km/h (87 mph) in certain sections. TheCapital Express,Anatolian Express and theRepublic Express were a few notable mainline trains that ran on the Istanbul to Ankara rail corridor. Once the Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway was completed in 2014, all mainline train service between the two cities was replaced with high-speed rail service.
Mainline trains are usually equipped withTVS2000 air-conditioned cars, however refurbishedPullman cars are also used on some trains. Overnight mainline trains consist ofsleeping anddining cars while some trains also havecouchette cars in addition to sleepers.
During the final year before TCDD Taşımacılık took over operations, mainline trains carried over 1.3 million passengers.[4]
Regional rail (Turkish:Bölgesel treni) service connects major cities to neighboring towns and villages, as well as other cities. These trains are usually the slowest in the whole TCDD Taşımacılık system, making frequent stops along its route. Some trains, like theAda Express, however operate at faster speeds similar to mainline trains. All regional rail service operates within their respective districts, using one city as a hub.
The most frequent regional rail service in Turkey is betweenAdana andMersin with 27 daily trains in each direction. The second most frequent route is betweenİzmir andTorbalı, with 18 daily trains in each direction.
Regional trains can be locomotive-hauled or consist of diesel or electric trainsets (MUs) or even dieselrailcars. Locomotive-hauled trains consist of TVS200 or regular Pullman coaches.DM15000 andDM30000 DMUs are standard along many routes, especially south of İzmir. Regional trains lack any on-board services except at-cart catering services on most trains.
During the final year before TCDD Taşımacılık took over operations, regional trains carried over 13.5 million passengers.[4]
Commuter rail service is currently provided inIstanbul,Ankara andGaziantep; with new networks under planning stage inKonya andAfyonkarahisar. TheMarmaray network operates betweenHalkalı inIstanbul province andGebze in the neighboringKocaeli province. The tunnel that Marmaray uses to crossBosphorus is the deepestimmersed tube tunnel in the world, and the tunnel is also used byfreight trains. There is another commuter rail service betweenHalkalı and Bahçeşehir (both in Istanbul province), but due to the lack of asignalling system anddouble tracks, trains only operate once in the morning and once in the evening in each direction.
TheBaşkentray network in Ankara provides commuter rail service along an east-west axis betweenSincan andKayaş, withAnkara station as a hub.
All commuter rail service operates on its own right-of-way, similar to someS-Bahn systems inGermany, and are fully integrated with their respective cities' transportation network. The only commuter railway in Turkey not operated by TCDD Taşımacılık isİZBAN, which operates commuter rail on two lines in theİzmir metropolitan area.
While TCDD used to operate several international trains toEurope and theMiddle-East, most of these trains were cancelled due to the outbreak of war inSyria andIraq, and the economic crisis inGreece. Currently, TCDD Taşımacılık operates two international trains from Istanbul toSofia andBucharest inBulgaria andRomania respectively. These two routes operate out ofHalkalı as a single train and later split in Bulgaria. Once the rehabilitation of the railway east of Halkalı is completed in late 2018, international train service will resume from their former terminus,Sirkeci station. An agreement between Greece and Turkey to revive theIstanbul to Thessaloniki train, cancelled in 2011, was signed in March 2016, but no progress has been made since and it is still unclear whether or not the train will resume service.
A new international passenger service fromKars toBaku,Azerbaijan, was expected to start June 2018 via the recently completedBaku–Tbilisi–Kars railway. A train such as this would be the first revenue passenger train service from Turkey to theCaucasus.[5]
Due to the volatile situation in Syria and Iraq, all international train service to the middle-east is suspended indefinitely.
 | This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(November 2024) |
From 1980 onwards, rail freight tonne-kilometers transported by the TCDD rose slightly from ~5000million tonne-km in 1980 to ~7000million tonne-km in 1990 and to ~9000million tonne-km in 2000.[6] Approximately 50% of freight moved is minerals or ores, with construction materials increasing to ~10% in 2000 from less than 5% in 1980, food/agricultural products, chemicals/petroleum, and metal sectors each account for between 5 and 10%. International freight accounted for approximately 5% of totals in 2000.[6]
In 2012, 25.7 million ton were transported by rail in Turkey. Two steel companies, Erdemir and Kardemir, top 2 customers of TCDD, had transported 4.5 million ton in 2012, mainly iron ore and coal.[7] 2.1 million tons of rail freight belong to international traffic. Most of international traffic between Turkey and Europe are done via Kapikule and mainly using container trains.[8]
As of 2016, the number of goods transported by rail is stable (25.8 million ton) with 7.1 million being done with private wagons (domestic only). International transport is also stable since 2013 (1.8 million).[9]
Containers are widely used both in international and domestic transportation. 7.6 million tons is carried in containers. TCDD supports transportation by containers. Thus, almost all of the private railway companies invested in container wagons, and carry 20% of all rail freight by their own wagons.[10]
TCDD has plans to strengthen its freight traffic with the construction of 4000 km conventional lines until 2023. That includes new international rail connections to Georgia, Iraq and Iran.[11] This will be complemented with the construction of 18 logistic centers in order to increase the ratio of domestic freight transported by rail.[12]The company is also planning to increase its international transit traffic (as little as 7000 ton in 2016) by constructing an "iron silk road" that will be connecting Europe and Asia and thus taking share from one of the world's highest freight traffic routes.[13]Marmaray and theYSS bridge are the most important parts of this project which were completed in 2015 and 2016 respectively.[14] Another key project is theKars–Tbilisi–Baku railway which is planned to be completed in 2016 and start functioning in 2017.[15] Also, plans for another supplying project to Kars-Tbilisi-Baku railway, the Kars-Igdir-Nakhcivan railway has been completed.[16]
 | This sectionrelies largely or entirely on asingle source. Relevant discussion may be found on thetalk page. Please helpimprove this article byintroducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: "TCDD Transport" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(January 2015) |
TCDD Transport operate freight trains on all TCDD lines.[citation needed] TCDD Transport has a big fleet ofcovered goods wagons,flat wagons,tank wagons,open wagons andhoppers. TCDD Transport also has a fewschnabel cars andcrane cars. TCDD Transport carries freight such asbulk,shipping containers,liquids andgoods.
As of 2012, 25.7 million ton is transported by rail in Turkey. Two steel companies, Erdemir and Kardemir, top 2 customers of TCDD, had transported 4.5 million ton in 2012, mainly iron ore and coal.[17]
2.1 million tons of rail freight belong to international traffic. Most of international traffic is between Turkey and Europe, done via Kapikule. Several container trains are running in this route as well as conventional wagons.[18]
Containers are widely used both in international and domestic transportation. 7.6 million ton is carried in containers. TCDD is supporting transportation by containers. Thus almost all of the private railway companies invested in container wagons, and carrying 20% of all rail freight by their own wagons.[19]
TCDD has plans to strengthen freight traffic by adding 4000 km conventional lines until 2023. That includes new international rail connections to Georgia, Iraq and Iran.[20] TCDD is also constructing 18 logistic centers to enable transportation of more loads by rail.[21]
TCDD is planning to increase its transit traffic (11000 to in 2011) by constructing "iron silk road" to connect Europe to Asia.Marmaray is the most important part of this project which is supposed to complete in 2015.[22] Another project isKars–Tbilisi–Baku railway which will be completed in 2014. TCDD wants to have share from the freight traffic between Europe and China.[23]
As of May 2014, there are 3 companies organizing regular container trains between Turkey and Europe: IFB, Balo and Metrans. The weekly departures by these 3 companies is about 10 in each direction in total.[24] By 16 June 2014 IFB ended direct container service to Turkey and started using vessel connection via Constanta powered by Global Multimodal.[25]
There are also other services started in 2014 such as intermodal trailer service by Ulusoy Logistics[26] and swapbody train by Transfesa.[27]
TCDD Taşımacılık acquired its entire fleet from the Turkish State Railways on 28 December 2016, when the handover between the two organizations was signed. In total, TCDD Taşımacılık possesses 125 electric locomotives, 543 diesel locomotives, 19 high-speed trainsets, 49 EMUs, 64 DMUs, 872 passenger cars and 19,870 freight cars.[4][obsolete source]
| Model | Picture | Numbers | Built | Number built | Type | Power | Builder (Designer) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Road power | ||||||||
| DE24000 |  | 24001-24418 | 1970–84 | 418[28] | Diesel Electric | 2160 hp (1600 kW) | TÜLOMSAŞ (MTE) | Ordered for TCDD's complete dieselization of its fleet |
| DE18100 |  | 18101-18120 | 1978 | 20[29] | Diesel Electric | 1800 hp (1320 kW) | MTE | Ordered for use in District 3 |
| DE22000 |  | 22001-22086 | 1985–89 | 86[30] | Diesel Electric | 2000 hp (1470 kW) | TÜLOMSAŞ (Electro-Motive Division) | |
| E43000 |  | 43001-43045 | 1987 | 45[31] | Electric | 4260 hp (3180 kW) | TÜLOMSAŞ (Toshiba) | |
| DE33000 |  | 33001-33089 | 2003–04 | 89[32] | Diesel Electric | 3000 hp (2220 kW) | TÜLOMSAŞ (Electro-Motive Diesel) | Based on the DE22000 |
| E68000 |  | 68001-68080 | 2013– | 80[33] | Electric | 6800 hp (5000 kW) | Hyundai Rotem,TÜLOMSAŞ | First 8 built by Hyundai Rotem, later 72 are being built by TÜLOMSAŞ |
| DE36000 |  | 36001-36020 | 2013– | 20[34] | Diesel Electric | 3600 hp (2680 kW) | TÜLOMSAŞ (General Electric) | GE PowerHaul type |
| Switchers | ||||||||
| HSL700 | TBA | 2018 | 80 | Electro-Diesel | 710 hp (522 kW) | TÜLOMSAŞ | Based on E1000 electronics (in turn, DE 11 000)[35] | |
| DE11000 |  | 11001-11085 | 1985 | 85[36] | Diesel Electric | 1065 hp (780 kW) | Krauss-Maffei,TÜLOMSAŞ | First 20 built by Krauss-Maffei later 60 built by TÜLOMSAŞ |
| DH7000 |  | 7001–7020 | 1994 | 20[37] | Diesel Hydraulic | 710 hp (522 kW) | TÜLOMSAŞ | |
| DH9500 |  | 9501–9526 | 1999 | 26[38] | Diesel Hydraulic | 950 hp (700 kW) | TÜLOMSAŞ | Diesel-hydraulic redesign ofTCDD DE11000 to work around short of spare parts for the traction motors ofTCDD DE11000 |
| E1000 |  | 1000 | 2015– | 1 | Electric | 1360 hp (1000 kW) | TÜBİTAK MAM,TÜLOMSAŞ | Prototype, mainly used for shunting operations (electric-only adaptation ofTCDD DE11000) |
| Model | Picture | Numbers | Built | Number Built | Type | Power | Builder (Designer) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regional trains | ||||||||
| MT15000 |  | 15001-15012 | 2008 | 12 | DMU | 650 kW | Hyundai Rotem | Used for regional services |
| MT30000 |  | 15401-15452 | 2011–2014 | 52 | DMU | 650 kW | TÜVASAŞ | Used for regional services |
| TCDD E44000 |  | 2023– | 3 | EMU | 650 kW | TÜRASAŞ | Used for regional services | |
| Commuter trains | ||||||||
| E22000 |  | 22001–22033 | 2010–2011 | 33 | EMU | CAF | İZBAN commuter rail | |
| E22100 |  | 22101–22140 | 2012–2015 | 40 | EMU | Hyundai Rotem | İZBAN commuter rail | |
| E23000 |  | 23001-23033 | 2009–???? | 33 | EMU | EUROTEM | Başkentray commuter rail | |
| E32000 | | 32001-32054 | 2011–???? | 54 | EMU | EUROTEM | Marmaray commuter rail | |
| E39000 |  | 39001 | 2025– | 1 | EMU | TÜRASAŞ | Gaziray commuter rail | |
| High-speed trains | ||||||||
| HT65000 |  | 65001-65012 | 2009–???? | 12 | EMU | 4800 kW | CAF | Used forYHT services |
| HT80000 |  | 80001 & 80101-80118 | 2013–2021 | 19 | EMU | 8000 kW | Siemens | Used forYHT services |
| Model | Picture | Numbers | Built | Number Built | Type | Power | Builder (Designer) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MT5700 |  | 5701-5730 | 1993 | 30 | Railcar | Fiat | Used for regional services |
| Model | Picture | Built | Type | Builder (Designer) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regional Fleet |  | 1972 | Coach | TÜVASAŞ |
| Pullman Fleet | 1980–90 | Coach, Couchette, Diner, Generator | TÜVASAŞ | |
| TVS2000 |  | 1992 | Coach, Diner, Couchette, Sleeper, Generator | TÜVASAŞ (Past),TÜRASAŞ (Present) |
In 2024 the EU said that “subsidies to the incumbent railway operator and the lack of financial independence of the transport operator from infrastructure manager TCDD remain major issues. “[39]