Třinec Trzyniec | |
|---|---|
 T. G. Masaryka Square | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Třinec Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates:49°40′40″N18°40′22″E / 49.67778°N 18.67278°E /49.67778; 18.67278 | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Moravian-Silesian |
| District | Frýdek-Místek |
| First mentioned | 1444 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Věra Palkovská |
| Area | |
• Total | 85.37 km2 (32.96 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 306 m (1,004 ft) |
| Population (2025-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 33,852 |
| • Density | 396.5/km2 (1,027/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 739 55, 739 61, 739 94 |
| Website | www |
Třinec (Czech:[ˈtr̝̊ɪnɛts]ⓘ;Polish:Trzyniec[ˈtʂɨɲɛt͡s]ⓘ;German:Trzynietz) is a city inFrýdek-Místek District in theMoravian-Silesian Region of theCzech Republic. It has about 34,000 inhabitants, making it the least populatedstatutory city in the country.
The city is an important cultural centre of thePolish minority in Trans-Olza, which makes up 12.1% of the population (as of 2021).[2]
Třinec is notable for theTřinec Iron and Steel Works steel plant, the largest in the country, which still has a major impact on the city, its character, demographics, andair quality.
Třinec consists of 13 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):[3]
The name Třinec is of topographic origin, derived from the Slavic word forreed (Polish:trzcina, Czech:třtina).[4]
Třinec is located about 22 kilometres (14 mi) east ofFrýdek-Místek and 30 km (19 mi) southeast ofOstrava. It lies in the historical region ofCieszyn Silesia, on the border withPoland and also near the border withSlovakia, which is about 20 km (12 mi) of the city centre.
Třinec lies on theOlza River. TheTyra Stream flows across the municipal territory and joins the Olza in the city centre. The elevation of the built-up area is approximately 300 m (980 ft) abovesea level. The northern part of the municipal territory is located in theMoravian-Silesian Foothills. The southern, sparsely populated part is located in theMoravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range, which also belongs to theBeskydy Protected Landscape Area. The municipal border runs along the peaks of several mountains, including Ostrý (with an elevation of 1,044 metres (3,425 ft) the highest point in Třinec), Smrčina at 1,015 m (3,330 ft), Šindelná at 1,000 m (3,300 ft), and Javorový at 1,032 m (3,386 ft).
Třinec has ahumid continental climate (Cfb in theKöppen climate classification).
| Climate data for Třinec | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) | 1.6 (34.9) | 6.5 (43.7) | 12.9 (55.2) | 17.2 (63.0) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 17.4 (63.3) | 12.4 (54.3) | 7.2 (45.0) | 1.7 (35.1) | 11.8 (53.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) | −1.6 (29.1) | 2.4 (36.3) | 8.2 (46.8) | 12.9 (55.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 17.9 (64.2) | 13.4 (56.1) | 8.8 (47.8) | 4.4 (39.9) | −0.7 (30.7) | 8.1 (46.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) | −5.1 (22.8) | −1.8 (28.8) | 2.9 (37.2) | 7.9 (46.2) | 11.6 (52.9) | 13.6 (56.5) | 13.2 (55.8) | 9.3 (48.7) | 5.4 (41.7) | 1.6 (34.9) | −3.2 (26.2) | 4.1 (39.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 70 (2.8) | 65 (2.6) | 75 (3.0) | 76 (3.0) | 115 (4.5) | 119 (4.7) | 139 (5.5) | 102 (4.0) | 101 (4.0) | 72 (2.8) | 71 (2.8) | 69 (2.7) | 1,074 (42.4) |
| Source:https://en.climate-data.org/europe/czech-republic/trinec/trinec-44574/ | |||||||||||||
The first written mention of Třinec is from 1444, but the village was probably founded already in the second half of the 14th century.[5] Politically, the village then belonged to theDuchy of Teschen, afee of theKingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of theHabsburg monarchy. In 1770, the village had about 200 inhabitants and was completely agricultural.[5]
The area was rich iniron ore deposits and had sufficient water energy and a high supply of wood, which were the main reasons to establish aniron works there. The iron mill began operation in 1839, becoming the largest in the entireCieszyn Silesia, and became a major milestone in the history of the village, which reoriented itself to industry. After the construction of theKošice–Bohumín Railway line in 1871, rapid development of the town took place.[6]
After therevolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, a modernmunicipal division was introduced in the re-establishedAustrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was added to thepolitical andlegal district ofCieszyn. According to censuses conducted in 1880–1910, the population of the municipality grew from 1,792 in 1880 to 3,849 in 1910, with a majority being native Polish speakers (growing from 51.4% in 1880 to 96.6% in 1900 and 96% in 1910), accompanied by a German-speaking minority (at most 32.5% in 1880, then dropping to 12.2% in 1900, and up to 24.3% in 1910) and Czech speakers (peaking in 1890 at 17.4%, then dropping to 6.7% in 1910). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority wereRoman Catholics (63.2%), followed byProtestants (34.5%), andJews (1.9%).[7] The village was also traditionally inhabited byCieszyn Vlachs, speaking theCieszyn Silesian dialect.
AfterWorld War I, the fall ofAustria-Hungary, thePolish–Czechoslovak War, and the division ofCieszyn Silesia in 1920, it became a part ofCzechoslovakia. In 1931, Třinec was promoted to a town.[8]
Following theMunich Agreement in October 1938, together with theTrans-Olza region, it was annexed byPoland, administratively adjoined toCieszyn County of theSilesian Voivodeship.[9] It was then annexed byNazi Germany at the beginning ofWorld War II. After the war, it was restored toCzechoslovakia.
In 1946, the villages ofLyžbice,Dolní Líštná, andKonská were joined to Třinec. In 1956–1977, a large housing estate was built in Lyžbice, and it became the most populated town part of Třinec.[10] Afterwards, Lyžbice became a newdowntown, taking the place ofStaré Město (lit. "old town").
The municipalities ofGuty,Karpentná,Nebory,Oldřichovice,Ropice,Tyra, andVendryně were joined to Třinec in 1980. However, Vendryně became an independent municipality in 1995 and Ropice followed in 2000.[11] In 2018, Třinec became astatutory city.[12]
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| Source: Censuses[13][14] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TheTřinec Iron and Steel Works company is one of the largest employers in the Czech Republic. Including smaller production plants outside Třinec, the company employs 7,000 people (as of 2021).[15]
The year's biggest event is theHutnický den ("Metallurgy Day"), which features numerous live performances from bands and artists from all over the country and abroad. It takes place every year in May, but was not held in 2020 and 2021.[16]
From 1993 to 2012, one of the oldest and most famous rock festivals in the Czech Republic,Noc plná hvězd ("star-studded night"), was held here every year.[17]
The city is represented by the successful ice hockey teamHC Oceláři Třinec, which has been playing in theCzech Extraliga since 1995 and has won four times. Oceláři (Steelers) play their home games atWerk Arena, which opened in 2014 and has a seating capacity of 5,400.[18] The arena also hosted theTeam Czech Republic at the2016 Davis Cup World Group.
The city's football team,FK Třinec, plays in theMoravian-Silesian Football League (third tier of the Czech football system).
The floorball clubFBC Třinec has been playing in thefirst tier of the women's competition since 2023 and in the third tier of the men's competition. The team plays its home games in theSports Hall STARS Třinec.[19]
Třinec also has anathletics club, founded in 1951.[20] Sports that have a tradition in Třinec include orienteering, weightlifting, Greco-Roman wrestling, road cycling, and chess.[6]
Třinec is poor in monuments. The main historic landmark is the Church of Saint Albert, built in the 1880s.[21]
A notable building is the wooden Church of Corpus Cristi in Guty. The original church from the 16th century was destroyed by adeliberate fire in 2017. In 2021, a replica was completed on its site.[22]
In 1969, Třinec Iron and Steel Works opened a company museum, which has been jointly operated with the city as the museum of both the company and the city since 1992.[23]
Bielsko-Biała, Poland
Žilina, Slovakia
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