Shah Jee Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari | |
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| President ofMajlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam | |
| In office 29 December 1929 – 1930 | |
| In office 1946–1948 | |
| 1st Emir ofAalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat | |
| In office 1949–1961 | |
| Preceded by | None (office created) |
| Succeeded by | Qazi Ahsan Ahmed Shuja Abadi |
| Personal life | |
| Born | Syed Ata Ullah Shah 23 November 1892 |
| Died | 21 August 1961(1961-08-21) (aged 68) |
| Resting place | Multan,Punjab,Pakistan |
| Children | Syed Abuzar Bukhari Syed Ata-ul-Mohsin Bukhari Syed Ata-ul-Muhaimin Bukhari Syed Ata-ul-Momin Bukhari |
| Citizenship |  British Indian (1892–1947) Pakistani (1947–1961) |
| Political party | Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam |
| Other names | Shah jee |
| Occupation |
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| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari (Urdu سید عطاء اللہ شاہ بخاری)[1] (23 September 1892 – 21 August 1961), was aHanafiIslamic scholar and aReligio-political figure[2] from theIndian subcontinent. He was one of theMajlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam's founding members. His biographer,Agha Shorish Kashmiri, states that Bukhari's greatest contribution had been his germination of strong anti-British feelings among the Indian Muslims.[3]
He is one of the most notable leaders of the Ahrar movement which was associated with opposition toMuhammad Ali Jinnah andopposition to the establishment of an independent Pakistan, as well as opposition to theAhmadiyya Movement.[4]
He is considered as a legendary rhetoric, which made him famous among the Muslims.[citation needed][5]
Born inPatna,British India, in 1892, he received his early religious education in what is nowGujrat,Pakistan and learned theQur'an by heart from his father Hafiz Syed Ziauddin.[6] He migrated toAmritsar in 1914 when he was 22 years old. He completed his early education by subscribing to a purist view of Islam. Although Bukhari did not subscribe to theDeobandi movement,[7] he was influenced by some Deobandi scholars, includingMahmud Hasan Deobandi.[8]
Bukhari began his career as a religious preacher in a small mosque inAmritsar, and taught the Quran for the next 40 years.[9] He shared friendship with a section of socialists and communists but did not accept their ideology completely.[10] He was ‘imbued with a brilliant exposition ofromantic socialism, and led Muslims to a restlessness activism'.[11] He studied theSahih Bukhari[12] in jail when he was imprisoned for an anti-government religious speech.
He started his religious and political career in 1916. His speeches graphically portrayed the sorrows and sufferings of the poor, and would promise his audience that the end of their sufferings would come about with the end of British rule.[13] As the first step of his political career, he began to participate in the movements of theIndian National Congress in 1921 fromKolkata where he delivered a loaded speech and was arrested on 27 March 1921 because of that speech. He became an eyesore to the administration, and an official view about him said:Ata Ullah Shah is a man, who it is better to lock up in jail, away from Congress leaders than to parley with. He has spent a considerable part of his life preaching sedition. He is an amusing speaker, who can influence a crowd.[14] After Nehru report[15] Bukhari created All IndiaMajlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam[16] withMazhar Ali Azhar,Chaudhry Afzal Haq,Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi,Hissam-ud-Din,Master Taj-ud-Din Ansari andZafar Ali Khan on 29 December 1929. Later on the prominent Barelvi oratorSyed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah also joined them. He was also the founding father of Majlis-e-Ahrar, Indian nationalist Muslim political movement in India. In 1943, Ahrar passed a resolutionopposing the partition of India and "introduced a sectarian element into its objections by portraying Jinnah as an infidel in an attempt to discredit his reputation."[17] He led a movement againstAhmadis and held anAhrar Tableegh Conference atQadian in 21–23 October 1934. Bukhari was a central figure in theKhatme Nabuwwat Movement of 1953,[18] which demanded that government of Pakistan declare theQadianis as non-Muslims.
He became known for hisoratory. He was also a poet and most of his poetry was inPersian. His poetic verses were compiled by his eldest sonSyed Abuzar Bukhari in 1956 under the name ofSawati-ul-ilham.[19]
Bukhari died on 21 August 1961.[20] He is buried inMultan, Pakistan. on Tareen Road Children Complex.
Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari's speeches, sermons, and writings have been compiled into several books and collections, reflecting his powerful oratory, deep knowledge of Islamic theology, and unwavering opposition to colonialism and sectarianism. Notable books (and compilations of his work) include:
Soon thereafter, in 1943, the Ahrar passed a resolution officially declaring itself against partition, which posed a problem in that it put the Ahrar in direct opposition to the Muslim League. The Ahrar introduced a sectarian element into its objections by portraying Jinnah as an infidel in an attempt to discredit his reputation.
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