Swartland Shale Renosterveld (West Coast Renosterveld) is acritically endangered vegetation type of theWestern Cape,South Africa.[1]
This unique type ofRenosterveld vegetation occurs over theSwartland andBoland areas, on the West Coast lowlands to the north of Cape Town. It extends from north ofPiketberg, southwards as far asSomerset West. Around 10 percent of this area lies within theCape Town metropol (where historically it was the most widespread form of Renosterveld, especially concentrated on theTygerberg Hills in the northern suburbs) and, overall, over 90 percent of this vegetation has been destroyed for farming and other development. The remaining patches are threatened by invasive alien plants and further development, making this vegetation type critically endangered.[2]
Undisturbed, it forms tall, open shrubland over undulating valleys and plains. It usually grows in clay soils that are derived from the Malmesbury Group Shales. Termite mounds create large, round hummocks called “heuweltjies”, that are a prominent feature of this vegetation type, appearing as pale spots on the landscape. Indigenous trees and older thicket often occur around these features. TheRenosterbos is relatively common in this vegetation, but this may be due to recentovergrazing – the renosterbos is rather inedible and consequently livestock tend to avoid it.[3]
The vast majority of Swartland Shale Renosterveld has been lost (the target of saving 26% is now unattainable, as 90% is already completely transformed for farming). Remnants survive in tiny isolated patches within farmland, usually only on rougher, steeper ground that cannot be cultivated. Only a few pockets are actually protected, and most surviving areas are threatened by invasive alien plants such asAcacia saligna (“Port Jackson”),Acacia mearnsii and a variety of other invasive trees, grasses and herbs.[4][5]
There are a great many plant species within this ecosystem which are totallyendemic - existing in this vegetation type and nowhere else in the world. A partial list is included below.
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