In 1822, the Georgia state legislature established "Swainsborough" as the seat of Emanuel County. The town was named in recognition of Stephen Swain, the state senator who introduced the bill for the county's creation in 1812. The town's name was changed to "Paris" at its incorporation on February 18, 1854, but three years later reverted to its current name, Swainsboro.[5]
Early in its corporate life, much like other rural Georgia towns, Swainsboro depended on railroads for transportation. However, in the 1930s, many of the town's streets and sidewalks were paved, and Swainsboro found itself at the intersection of two major national highways,U.S. 1 andU.S. 80, thus earning its city motto: "Crossroads of the Great South".U.S. 1 was the principal highway fromMaine toKey West, andU.S. 80, at that time, ran fromTybee Island, Georgia, toSan Diego.[6]
Swainsboro is located near the center of Emanuel County at 32°35'37" North, 82°19'56" West (32.593743, -82.332146).[7]U.S. Route 80 passes through the center of the city, andU.S. Route 1 bypasses it to the west. US 80 leads east 36 miles (58 km) toStatesboro and west 36 miles (58 km) toDublin, while US 1 leads north 62 miles (100 km) toAugusta and south 106 miles (171 km) toWaycross.Interstate 16 is 14 miles (23 km) south of Swainsboro via US 1.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.9 square miles (33.5 km2), of which 12.6 square miles (32.6 km2) is land and 0.35 square miles (0.9 km2), or 2.81%, is water.[8]
TheEmanuel County School District, run by the Emanuel County Board of Education, holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of three elementary schools, a middle school, a high school, and two academies.[11] The district has 293 full-time teachers and over 4,664 students.[12]