Suwiryo | |
|---|---|
%2c_p44.jpg) Official portrait,c. 1954 | |
| 6th Chairman of the Indonesian National Party | |
| In office 28 July 1956 – 29 July 1960 | |
| Preceded by | Sidik Djojosukarto |
| Succeeded by | Ali Sastroamidjojo |
| 5th Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia | |
| In office 6 September 1950 – 27 April 1951 | |
| Prime Minister | Soekiman Wirjosandjojo |
| Preceded by | Hamengkubuwono IX |
| Succeeded by | Prawoto Mangkusasmito |
| 1st Mayor of Jakarta | |
| In office 30 March 1950 – 2 May 1951 | |
| Preceded by | Hilman Djajadiningrat(as Governor of the Federal Region of Batavia) |
| Succeeded by | Sjamsuridjal |
| In office 23 September 1945 – November 1947 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Elbert Marinus Stok(as Dutch Mayors of Jakarta/Batavia) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Suwiryo (1903-02-17)17 February 1903 |
| Died | 27 August 1967(1967-08-27) (aged 64) |
| Resting place | Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery |
| Political party | Indonesian National Party |
| Occupation | Politician |
Suwiryo (EVO:Soewirjo; 17 February 1903 – 27 August 1967) was an Indonesian politician. He served as the firstMayor ofJakarta following theproclamation of Indonesian independence from 1945 until 1947 and again from 1950 until 1951. Additionally, he served asDeputy Prime Minister of Indonesia under Prime MinisterSoekiman Wirjosandjojo from 1951 until 1952. A member of theIndonesian National Party, he was also the party's sixth chairman, serving from 1956 until his ousting byAli Sastroamidjojo in 1960.
Suwiryo was born inWonogiri,Dutch East Indies (nowIndonesia), on 17 February 1903. After completing his education, he worked at the central statistical body, became a teacher, worked at an insurance company, and founded a pharmaceutical business. He became a participant in theIndonesian National Party, and upon its dissolution in 1931, was one of the co-founders of the succeeding Indonesia Party.[1] During theJapanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Suwiryo worked as head of economic affairs at the headquarters of the Japan-founded labor organizationPutera before later working atJawa Hokokai.[2] In 1945, he became a deputy mayor of Jakarta under Japanese mayor Hasegawa Shigeo. Following thesurrender of Japan, a group of Indonesian officials approached Hasegawa and requested him to hand over power peacefully to Suwiryo on 7 September 1945. Though he refused the demand, Hasegawa stopped attending office, resulting in Suwiryo becomingde facto mayor.[3]
Suwiryo was elected by municipal employees of Jakarta's government as the new mayor on 23 September 1945.[3] During the early parts of theIndonesian National Revolution, Suwiryo continued to lead the city administration of Jakarta despite the military occupation of theAllied forces. He also joined a committee that was meant to establish cooperation between the Indonesian police forces and the British military.[4] During this period, there was competition between the authorities established by the Dutch East Indies government and the Republican government, though in general the former focused on European affairs and the latter focused on the Indonesian inhabitants.[5]
Suwiryo was arrested by Dutch forces alongside some other Republican administrators on 20 July 1947, shortly beforeOperation Product.[6] After being arrested for several months, Suwiryo was flown toYogyakarta - the Republic of Indonesia's new capital - in November 1947 and he became head of demographic affairs of the government, with Daan Jahja becoming the military governor of Jakarta.[1][7]
Following his reappointment as mayor by Sukarno on 17 February 1950 during theUnited States of Indonesia period,[1] Suwiryo began developing Jakarta as a metropolitan city, through the development of new areas and issuance of some regulations. In 1951, he was appointed as DeputyPrime Minister and left the office, which was briefly vacant until Suwiryo was succeeded bySyamsurizal.[8]
After his time as deputy prime minister, Suwiryo worked at theMinistry of Home Affairs for some time, and became head of several state-owned banks such asBank Industri Negara [id] in 1953, in addition to joining theConstitutional Assembly of Indonesia.[1][2][9] In theIndonesian National Party's July 1956 congress, he was elected party chairman following a narrow victory overKi Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro. Under Suwiryo's tenure, the PNI underwent a decline and it lost ground to theIndonesian Communist Party in the provincial elections of 1957, while the party's leadership remained indecisive regarding the party's position on the increased political powers of the army andSukarno'santi-parliamentary drive.[9]
Suwiryo was often criticized by seniorpro-parliamentary PNI members such asSartono andIskaq Tjokrohadisurjo for his compromises with Sukarno. This eventually led to the fracturing of PNI's unity in its provincial branches, several members broke off and formedPartindo, and multiple army-backed PNI-affiliated organizations challenged Suwiryo's chairmanship.[10] Suwiryo was defeated byAli Sastroamidjojo in the chairman vote during the July 1960 party congress.[11][12]
He died on 27 August 1967 and was buried inKalibata Heroes' Cemetery.[1][2]
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