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Susan Collins

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American politician (born 1952)
For other people named Susan Collins, seeSusan Collins (disambiguation).
"Senator Collins" redirects here. For other uses, seeSenator Collins (disambiguation).

Susan Collins
Official portrait, 2014
United States Senator
fromMaine
Assumed office
January 3, 1997
Serving with Angus King
Preceded byWilliam Cohen
Committee positions
Chair of theSenate Appropriations Committee
Assumed office
January 3, 2025
Preceded byPatty Murray
Vice Chair of theSenate Appropriations Committee
In office
January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2025
Preceded byRichard Shelby
Succeeded byPatty Murray
Chair of theSenate Aging Committee
In office
January 3, 2015 – February 3, 2021
Preceded byBill Nelson
Succeeded byBob Casey Jr.
Ranking Member of theSenate Aging Committee
In office
January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2015
Preceded byBob Corker
Succeeded byClaire McCaskill
Ranking Member of theSenate Homeland Security Committee
In office
January 3, 2007 – January 3, 2013
Preceded byJoe Lieberman
Succeeded byTom Coburn
Chair of theSenate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007
Preceded byJoe Lieberman
Succeeded byJoe Lieberman
Personal details
Born
Susan Margaret Collins

(1952-12-07)December 7, 1952 (age 72)
Caribou, Maine, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Thomas Daffron
(m. 2012)
RelativesDonald Collins (father)
Patricia McGuigan (mother)
Samuel Collins (uncle)
EducationSt. Lawrence University (BA)
WebsiteSenate website
This article is part of a series about
Susan Collins

U.S. Senator from Maine

Susan Margaret Collins (born December 7, 1952) is an American politician serving as theseniorUnited States senator fromMaine. A member of theRepublican Party, she has held her seat since 1997 and is Maine'slongest-serving member of Congress.

Born inCaribou, Maine, Collins is a graduate ofSt. Lawrence University inCanton, New York. Beginning her career as a staff assistant for SenatorWilliam Cohen in 1975, she became staff director of theOversight of Government Management Subcommittee of theCommittee on Governmental Affairs (which later became the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs)[1] in 1981.GovernorJohn R. McKernan Jr. then appointed her commissioner of the Maine Department of Professional and Financial Regulation in 1987. In 1992 PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush appointed her director of theSmall Business Administration's regional office inBoston. Collins became a deputy state treasurer in the office of theTreasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts in 1993.[2] After moving back to Maine in 1994, she became the Republican nominee for governor of Maine in the1994 general election. She was the first female major-party nominee for the post, finishing third in a four-way race with 23% of the vote. After her bid for governor in 1994, she became the founding director of the Center for Family Business atHusson University inBangor, Maine.

Collins was first elected to the Senate in1996. She was reelected in2002,2008,2014, and2020. She chaired theSenate Special Committee on Aging from 2015 to 2021 and theSenate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs from 2003 to 2007. Collins is a senior Republican woman in the Senate, the dean of Maine's congressional delegation, and the onlyNew England Republican in the116th,117th, and118th Congresses. Along withDave McCormick ofPennsylvania, Collins is one of only two Republicans to represent a Northeastern state in the Senate.[3][4] Thus far, Collins is the longest-serving Republican woman in the Senate,[5][6] and since 2019, the only Republican officialholding statewide office in Maine.

Generally regarded as amoderate Republican, Collins is often a pivotal vote in the Senate.[7][8] She was one of three Republicans tovote against a partial repeal of theAffordable Care Act. She was the sole Republican to vote against confirmingAmy Coney Barrett to theSupreme Court and one of three to vote to confirmKetanji Brown Jackson. As a pro-choice Republican, she drew scrutiny for her vote to confirmBrett Kavanaugh, who she believed would not support overturningRoe v. Wade.[9][10] In 2022, he joined the majority opinion inDobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, which overturnedRoe v. Wade. Collins subsequently opposed theWomen's Health Protection Act, proposing alternative legislation with two other Republicans to codifyRoe.

During theimpeachment trial of Bill Clinton, Collins was one of 10 Republican senators to vote to acquit him on the first charge and one of five to vote to acquit on the second. During thefirst impeachment trial of Donald Trump, Collins joined all Senate Republicans but one in voting to acquit him on the first charge, and all Republicans to acquit on the second. In hissecond impeachment trial, she was one of seven Republicans to vote to convict Trump ofincitement of insurrection.

Early life

One of six children, Collins was born inCaribou, Maine, where her family operates alumber business established by her great-great-great-grandfather, Samuel W. Collins, in 1844.[11] Her parents,Patricia (née McGuigan) andDonald Collins (1925–2018), each served as mayor of Caribou.[11] Her father, a decorated veteran ofWorld War II, also served in theMaine Legislature, with one term in the House, and four in the Senate.[12][13]

Collins's mother was born inBarrancabermeja,Colombia, to American parents.[14] Collins is of English and Irish ancestry. Her uncle,Samuel W. Collins Jr., sat on theMaine Supreme Judicial Court from 1988 to 1994 and served in theMaine Senate from 1973 to 1984.[15]

Collins attendedCaribou High School, where she was president of thestudent council.[16] During her senior year of high school in 1971, she was chosen to participate in theU.S. Senate Youth Program, through which she visitedWashington, D.C., for the first time and had a two-hour conversation with Maine's first femaleUnited States Senator,Margaret Chase Smith, also aRepublican. Collins is the first program delegate elected to the Senate and holds the seat once held by Smith.[16] After graduating from high school, she continued her education atSt. Lawrence University inCanton, New York.[17] Like her father, she was elected to thePhi Beta Kappa national academic honor society. She graduated from St. Lawrencemagna cum laude with a bachelor's degree in government in 1975.[18]

Early political career

Following graduation, Collins worked as a legislative assistant toU.S. Representative and later U.S. SenatorWilliam Cohen from 1975 to 1987.[17] She was also staff director of theOversight of Government Management Subcommittee on theUnited States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs from 1981 to 1987.[17]

In 1987, Collins joined the cabinet ofGovernorJohn R. McKernan Jr. as Commissioner of the Department of Professional and Financial Regulation.[18] PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush appointed her theNew England regional director for theSmall Business Administration in 1992.[13] After briefly serving in this post until the1992 election of PresidentBill Clinton, she moved toMassachusetts and became DeputyState Treasurer of Massachusetts underJoe Malone in 1993.[17]

Returning to Maine, Collins won an eight-way Republicanprimary in the1994 gubernatorial election, becoming the first woman nominated by a major party forgovernor of Maine.[13] During the campaign, she received little support from Republican leaders and was criticized by conservative groups for her more liberal views on social issues. She lost the general election, receiving 23% of the vote and placing third behind DemocratJoseph E. Brennan and the winner,Independent candidateAngus King, her future Senate colleague.[19]

In December 1994, Collins became the founding executive director of the Richard E. Dyke Center for Family Business atHusson College.[18] She served in this post until 1996, when she announced her candidacy for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by her former boss, William Cohen, who retired to becomeUnited States Secretary of Defense underPresident Bill Clinton. With Cohen's public endorsement, she won a difficult four-way primary and faced Brennan, her opponent in the 1994 gubernatorial election, in the general election. She defeated him, 49% to 44%.[20][21]

U.S. Senate

Elections

Collins with PresidentBarack Obama

Collins was elected to theSenate in1996. During the campaign she pledged that, if elected, she would serve only two terms.[22]

Collins was reelected in2002 over State SenatorChellie Pingree, 58%–42%, in2008 over RepresentativeTom Allen, 61.5%–38.5%, and in2014 overShenna Bellows, 68.5%–31.5%. In her first three reelection campaigns, she carried every county in Maine.[23]

In2020, Collins was challenged by Democratic State House SpeakerSara Gideon. The hotly contested race became the most expensive in Maine history, with Collins spending $23 million and Gideon nearly $48 million.[24] The race also had national implications, as defeating Collins was a key part of the Democrats' strategy to achieve a Senate majority. Despite trailing Gideon in every public poll of the race,[25] Collins defeated Gideon[26] by a decisive margin.[27]

In 2009, Collins was called one of "the last survivors of a once common species ofmoderate Northeastern Republican".[15] She is considered a centrist Republican and an influential player in the Senate.[28][29][30]

Although she shared a centrist ideology with Maine's former senator,Olympia Snowe, Collins is considered a "half-turn more conservative" than Snowe.[15] She was consistently endorsed by theHuman Rights Campaign, a major LGBT rights organization, until 2020.[31] She supportedJohn McCain in the2008 presidential election. She became the state's senior senator in 2013 when Snowe left the Senate and was replaced by independentAngus King, who defeated Collins in the1994 governor election.[32]

Tenure

First term

In the 1990s, Collins played an important role during the Senate'simpeachment trial ofBill Clinton when she and Snowe sponsored a motion that would have allowed the Senate to vote separately on the charges and the sentence.[citation needed] The motion failed, and Snowe and Collins voted to acquit, believing that while Clinton had committedperjury, that was not grounds for removal from office.[33]

In March 1997, the Senate adopted a broader investigation into White House and Congressional campaign fund-raising practices than Senate Republicans initially wanted. Collins said there were "a number of allegations that may or may not be illegal, but they may be improper."[34]

In a May 1997 interview, Collins stated her support for a proposal byTom Daschle banning all abortions after the fetus is capable of living outside the womb except to save the life of the woman or protect her from physical injury. Of an alternative measure proposed byRick Santorum that would ban partial-birth abortion, Collins said it "ignores cases in the medical literature involving women with very serious physical health problems".[35]

In 2001 Collins authored a measure that granted theUnited States Secretary of Education authority to grant waivers that would relieve reservists and members of theNational Guard from making federal student loan payments during active duty and grant the same privileges to victims and families of those affected by theSeptember 11 attacks. The bill passed the Senate and House in December 2001.[36]

In November 2002, the Senate overwhelmingly approved the creation of theDepartment of Homeland Security while a Democratic effort to remove the bill's provisions fell short on a 52-to-47 vote that came after PresidentGeorge W. Bush lobbied against the vote. Collins and other senators said that Senate and House Republicans, as well as the White House, had given them an "ironclad promise" to essentially rescind provisions in the first spending bill to pass Congress the following year.[37]

Second term

In 2004, Collins was one of the primary sponsors of legislation overhauling the U.S. intelligence community by creating a new post,Director of National Intelligence, to oversee budgets and most assets of the spy agencies, and mandating that federal agencies establish minimum standards for states pertaining to issuing driver's licenses and birth certificates along with directing theUnited States Department of Homeland Security to form standards for ID used to board airplanes. The bill passed in the House and Senate in December. Collins said, "This was the most difficult bill to bring from conception to birth that I can imagine being involved with. But that makes the victory doubly satisfying."[38] Bush signed the bill, formally known as theIntelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, on December 17, 2004.[39]

In May 2005, Collins was one of14 senators (seven Democrats and seven Republicans) to forge a compromise on the Democrats' use of the judicialfilibuster, thus allowing the Republican leadership to end debate without having to exercise thenuclear option. Under the agreement, Democrats agreed they would filibuster Bush's judicial nominees only in "extraordinary circumstances"; three Bushappellate court nominees (Janice Rogers Brown,Priscilla Owen, andWilliam Pryor) would receive a vote by the full Senate; and two others,Henry Saad andWilliam Myers, were expressly denied such protection (both eventually withdrew their names from consideration).[40][41]

In October 2008, Collins criticized robocalls by the McCain campaign claiming thatBarack Obama "has worked closely with domestic terroristBill Ayers, whose organization bombed the U.S. Capitol, the Pentagon, a judge's home and killed Americans", asserting that those "kind of tactics have no place in Maine politics" and urging McCain to cease the calls immediately.[42]

Third term

In 2009, Collins was criticized for blocking flu relief funding during theswine flu pandemic. She said she had done so on procedural grounds, because the funding did not belong in a stimulus bill: "while worthwhile, [it does] not boost our economy," and "it does not make sense to include $870 million for pandemic flu preparedness."[43]

In April 2010, Collins and SenatorJoe Lieberman issued a subpoena seeking documents and interviews associated with the American government's investigation into the conduct of investigators during their interactions withNidal Hasan before theFort Hood shooting. The Pentagon announced that the Obama administration would not authorize Senate investigators to question intelligence agents who reviewed e-mails between Hasan and an extremist Islamic cleric before the shooting. Collins and Lieberman issued a statement accusing the Departments of Justice and Defense of refusing "to provide access to their agents who reportedly reviewed Major Hasan's communications with radical extremist cleric Anwar al Awlaki and to transcripts of prosecution interviews with Hasan's associates and superiors, which DOD already provided to its internal review."[44]

Collins, right, stands near PresidentBarack Obama as he signs therepeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell

In May 2010, Collins and Snowe were the only two Republicans to vote for an unsuccessful Democratic measure that would have prevented bailouts, highlighted financial products of complexity and toughened consumer protection.[45]

In February 2013, Collins announced her opposition to the confirmation ofChuck Hagel forUnited States Secretary of Defense, citing her belief that Hagel's "past positions, votes and statements [do not] match the challenges of our time." The announcement came as a surprise, as Collins was considered a possible supporter of his nomination, and it occurred while the nomination was being filibustered.[46] The filibuster on Hagel's nomination was defeated,[47] and he was confirmed later that month.[48]

In May 2013, following a report that the Internal Revenue Service had put additional scrutiny on conservative groups, Collins said the revelation "contributes to the profound distrust that the American people have in government" and added that she was disappointed that Obama "hasn't personally condemned this and spoken out".[49]

In April 2014, the Senate debated theMinimum Wage Fairness Act (S. 1737; 113th Congress). The bill would have amended theFair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) to increase the federal minimum wage to $10.10 per hour over two years.[50] The bill was strongly supported by Obama and many Democratic senators but strongly opposed by Republicans in the Senate and House.[51][52][53] Collins tried to negotiate a compromise bill that centrist Republicans could agree to but was unable to do so.[53]

Fourth term

Collins,Lamar Alexander, andLindsey Graham meet withPresidentDonald Trump in November 2017

In May 2016, the Senate passed an appropriations bill containing an amendment by Collins that she said would help prevent theDepartment of Housing and Urban Development from gaining "national zoning authority for every neighborhood in our country". The legislation was given a veto threat by the White House, which was said by the Office of Management and Budget to oppose "the inclusion of problematic ideological provisions that are beyond the scope of funding legislation".[54]

In 2016, Collins authored the Safe Treatments and Opportunities to Prevent Pain Act, a provision intended to encourage theNational Institutes of Health to further its research into opioid therapy alternatives for pain management, and the Infant Plan of Safe Care Act, which mandated that states ensure safe care plans are developed for infants who are drug-dependent before they are discharged from hospitals. These provisions were included in theComprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act,[55] legislation that created programs and expanded treatment access alongside implementing $181 million in new spending as part of an attempt to curb heroin and opioid addiction. Obama signed the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act into law on July 22, 2016.[56]

On August 8, 2016, Collins announced that she would not vote forDonald Trump, the Republican nominee in the2016 presidential election. She said that as a lifelong Republican she did not make the decision lightly but felt he was unsuitable for office, "based on his disregard for the precept of treating others with respect, an idea that should transcend politics".[57] She considered voting for theLibertarian Party's ticket or awrite-in candidate.[58][59]

In the2016 United States presidential election, Collins received one electoral vote for vice president from afaithless elector in Washington.[60]

In January 2017, Collins and SenatorLisa Murkowski voted for Trump's nominee for Secretary of Education,Betsy DeVos, within the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, passing DeVos's nomination by a vote of 12–11 to allow the full Senate to vote. Collins justified her vote, saying, "Presidents are entitled to considerable deference in the selection of Cabinet members."[61][62][63] Later, she and Murkowski were the only Republicans to break party lines and vote against DeVos's confirmation.[64][65] This causeda 50–50 tie that was broken bySenate PresidentMike Pence to confirm DeVos.[66]

In March 2017, Collins said she could not support theAmerican Health Care Act, the House Republicans' plan to repeal and replace theAffordable Care Act.[67] She announced she would vote against the Senate version of the Republican bill to repeal Obamacare.[68] Collins also clarified that she opposed repealing the ACA without a replacement proposal.[69] On July 26, Collins was one of seven Republicans in voting against repealing the ACA without a suitable replacement.[70] On July 27, she joined two other Republicans in voting against the "skinny" repeal of the ACA.[71] In October, Collins called on Trump to support a bipartisan Congressional effort led byLamar Alexander andPatty Murray to reinstate insurer payments, saying that what Trump was doing was "affecting people's access and the cost of health care right now".[72]

On December 14, 2017, the day the FCC was set to hold a vote on net neutrality, Collins and King sent the FCC a letter asking that the vote be postponed to allow public hearings on the merits of repealing net neutrality.[73] They expressed concerns that repealing net neutrality could adversely affect the U.S. economy.[73] As part of this drive, Collins is reported to support using the authority under theCongressional Review Act to nullify the FCC's repeal vote.[74] In 2018, Collins was one of three Republicans voting with Democrats to repeal rule changes enacted by the Republican-controlled FCC.[75] The measure was meant to restore Obama-era net neutrality rules.[76]

In 2017,The Lugar Center, a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit founded by SenatorRichard Lugar, released a bipartisan index in cooperation with Georgetown University that ranked Collins the most bipartisan senator during the first session of the115th Congress (and the only U.S. Senator from theNortheast ranked among the top 10 most bipartisan senators).[77][78]

In January 2018, in response to theTrump administration's not implementing congressionally approved sanctions on Russia, Collins said it was confirmed Russia had tried to interfere in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, adding, "not only should there be a price to pay in terms of sanctions, but also we need to put safeguards in place right now for the elections for this year." She noted that the legislation received bipartisan support and predicted Russia would also attempt to interfere in the 2018 elections.[79] In January 2019, Collins was one of 11 Republican senators to vote to advance legislation intended to block Trump from lifting sanctions on three Russian companies. She said she disagreed with "the easing of the sanctions because I think it sends the wrong message to Russia and to the oligarch and close ally of Mr. Putin, Oleg Deripaska, who will in my judgment continue to maintain considerable [ownership] under the Treasury's plan."[80]

In 2018, Collins and SenatorsTim Kaine,Catherine Cortez Masto, andShelley Moore Capito authored the Building Our Largest Dementia (BOLD) Infrastructure for Alzheimer's Act, legislation centered on providing a public health approach to Alzheimer's. The bill would authorize $20 million annually to establish the "Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Public Health Centers of Excellence" and aid statewide efforts to promote brain health and reduce cognitive decline. It passed the Senate and House and was signed by Trump in January 2019.[81]

In September 2018, Collins authored two bills as part of the Opioid Crisis Response Act, a bipartisan package of 70 Senate bills that would alter programs across multiple agencies in an effort to prevent opioids from being shipped through the U.S. Postal Service and grant doctors the ability to prescribe medications designed to wean opioid addictions. The bills passed 99 to 1.[82][83]

In February 2019, Collins was one of five senators to sponsor legislation authorizing the Treasury Department to mint coins honoringGeorge H. W. Bush andBarbara Bush under the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005[84] and introduced the Reviving America's Scenic Byways Act of 2019 along withBen Cardin. The bill required the Secretary of Transportation to request nominations and make determinations in regard to roads that would be designed under a voluntary, community-based program and was signed into law by Trump in September of that year.[85] After the Senate Intelligence Committee held a closed-door meeting withMichael Cohen, Collins said senators "clearly need to re-interview some witnesses whose accounts [Cohen] contradicts". Her comment was seen as hinting at the Intelligence Committee's interest in speaking withDonald Trump Jr. again.[86] In June, Collins cosponsored an amendment to form the John S. McCain III Human Rights Commission, which would hold hearings and briefings on human rights violations ahead of collaborations with the Trump administration to address the violations, and be included in a defense authorization bill McCain had helped create as Armed Services Committee chairman.[87]

In her May 2019 commencement speech atMaine Maritime Academy, Collins said getting the Senate to approve funding for a new training ship for the academy was her "number one priority" and that funding was included in Trump's proposed budget while she would still seek further funds through other measures.[88]

In July 2019, Collins cosponsored the Fallen Journalists Memorial Act, a bill introduced byBen Cardin andRob Portman that would create a new, privately funded memorial that would be constructed on federal lands in Washington, D.C. in order to honor journalists, photographers, and broadcasters who died in the line of duty. Collins called freedom of the press "one of our fundamental constitutional rights" and spoke of the risks of reprisals faced by reporters around the world for their work.[89]

In February 2020, Collins voted "not guilty" on both articles in thefirst impeachment trial of Donald Trump.[90]

On October 26, 2020, Collins was the only Republican senator to vote against the confirmation of Trump's nomineeAmy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court. Barrett was confirmed by a vote of 52–48.[91]

Fifth term

Collins giving her2021 United States Electoral College vote count speech after theJanuary 6 United States Capitol attack.

On January 6, 2021, Collins was participating in the certification of theElectoral College vote count when Trump supportersattacked the United States Capitol. She was on the Senate floor listening to speeches related to the objection to counting Arizona's votes when theSergeant at Arms of the U.S. Senate andU.S. Capitol Police removed Vice President Mike Pence and Senators Mitch McConnell andChuck Schumer. She called the experience "frightening and appalling."[92] Collins later called the attack "a dangerous, shameful, and outrageous attack on our democracy" and blamed Trump for "working up the crowd and inciting this mob". She called on him to call off the rioters. When Congress reconvened after the Capitol was secure, Collins voted to certify the count.[93]

Toward the end of January 2021, Collins led a group of 10 Republican senators who requested that PresidentJoe Biden join bipartisan negotiations when creating his COVID-19 economic relief package.[94] After meeting with the group, Biden opted to pass his relief package using thereconciliation process, for which he did not need Republican support.[95]

On February 13, 2021, Collins was one of seven Republican senators to vote to convict Trump in hissecond impeachment trial.[96]

Political analysis websiteFiveThirtyEight found that Collins had voted in line with PresidentJoe Biden around 67% of the time in the 117th Congress.[97]

On May 18, 2021,Axios[98] revealed theFederal Bureau of Investigation investigation of defense contractor Martin Kao, former CEO ofNavatek,[99][100] who funneled $150,000 to a pro-Collins super PAC, 1820PAC, via a shellLLC, Society for Young Women Scientists and Engineers, as a federal contractor, and reimbursed donations to the Collins 2020 campaign, both of which are illegal. A spokesperson said that the campaign had no knowledge of the exchange.[101][102]

Collins cast her 8,000th consecutive roll call vote on October 28, 2021; onlyChuck Grassley andWilliam Proxmire have set longer streaks.[103] On April 19, 2024, the Senate recognized her 9,000th vote that night, surpassing Grassley's 8,927-vote streak earlier in March.[104]

Collins voted to confirmKetanji Brown Jackson to theSupreme Court, making her one of the only three GOP senators to support her nomination, the other two beingLisa Murkowski andMitt Romney.[105]

Committee assignments

Collins's committee assignments for the 118th Congress are as follows:[106]

Caucus memberships

Political positions

Main article:Political positions of Susan Collins
With former U.S. SenatorOlympia Snowe (also R-ME)

Collins has been described as amoderate Republican and acentrist,[110][111] having voted with her party 59% of the time from 1997 to 2016. She voted with her party more often, about 87% of the time, in 2017, at the beginning of the Trump administration.[112][113][114]

In 2013, Collins sided with Obama's position 75.9% of the time, one of only two Republicans to vote with him more than 70% of the time.[115] As of January 2021, according toFiveThirtyEight, she had voted with Trump's positions about 65% of the time, the lowest among all Republican senators.[116] During Trump's presidency she voted with the Republican majority on party-line votes much more often than during Obama's presidency.[112] According to FiveThirtyEight, as of January 2023, she had voted with Biden's position about 67% of the time.[117]

Collins voted to acquit Trump of all charges at hisfirst impeachment trial.[118] She said she did not think Trump's request that the Ukrainian President announce an investigation intoJoe Biden met the "high bar" for "removing a duly elected president".[119] She said Trump had "learned from this case" and "will be much more cautious in the future."[119] Shortly after his acquittal, Trump fired witnesses in the impeachment inquiry.[120][121] In the following months, he fired inspectors general of the State Department and the intelligence community. Collins criticized the firing, provoking a retaliatory response from Trump.[122]

On February 13, 2021, Collins was one of the seven Republican senators who voted to convict Trump in hissecond impeachment trial.[123] On May 27, 2021, along with five other Republicans and all present Democrats, she voted to establish a bipartisan commission to investigate the Capitol attack. She had amended the bill in the hopes of drawing sufficient Republicans to support it, but the vote failed for lack of 60 required "yes" votes to prevent afilibuster.[124]

In 2023, the Lugar Center ranked Collins first among senators for bipartisanship.[125]

Abortion

Collins is one of two Republican U.S. Senators, along withLisa Murkowski, who describe themselves as pro-choice, orpro-abortion rights, and supportedRoe v. Wade.[126][127][128]

According toHuffPost, Collins has repeatedly voted to confirm judges who have signaled opposition to abortion rights. She has defended these votes by citing her support for both ofObama's Supreme Court appointments.[129] She voted to confirmBrett Kavanaugh to the U.S. Supreme Court, saying she did not believe he would overturnRoe.[130][131] She said she felt "vindication" in 2018 when Kavanaugh voted with the court's four Democratic-appointed justices and Chief JusticeJohn Roberts not to hear cases againstPlanned Parenthood from Kansas and Louisiana, although Planned Parenthood disagreed with her assessment of the situation.[132][133] In 2020, Collins faced renewed criticism of her vote by progressive groups when Kavanaugh said states should be permitted to severely reduce access to and availability of abortion in his dissent inJune Medical Services LLC v Russo.[134][135]

In 2021, Collins was one of three Republican senators to decline to sign anamicus brief supporting ananti-abortion Mississippi law banning abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy.[136] She faced renewed criticism after Kavanaugh voted with the majority, in a 5–4 vote, to reject an emergency petition to block a Texas law banning abortion after six weeks of pregnancy; the law went into effect while facing continued challenges in the courts.[137] Responding to the legislation and criticism, Collins denounced the Texas anti-abortion law as "extreme, inhumane, and unconstitutional" and said she supports theRoe precedent as the "law of the land".[138]

In 2022, Collins received additional criticism for her support of Kavanaugh after a leaked draft of the Supreme Court opinion inDobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization indicated the Court would overturnRoe v. Wade, with Kavanaugh breaking with his statements thatRoe was "settled law".[139][140][141][142] She has also received criticism for calling the police in reaction to chalk protests due to her votes to confirm justices involved in the draft ruling.[143][144][145][146]

On May 11, 2022, Collins voted against theWomen's Health Protection Act of 2022, a bill that would prohibit a variety of restrictions on access to abortion, on the basis that it went too far beyond the standards established inRoe v. Wade andPlanned Parenthood v. Casey.[147][148] Collins joined Murkowski and SenatorKyrsten Sinema in drafting the Reproductive Choice Act, alternative legislation that would codifyRoe andCasey into federal law more narrowly.[147][149][150]

Economy

In 2004, Collins expressed concerns about how theBush administration wanted to implement its proposed plan to cut taxes.[151] She cited deficit concerns as a reason for opposing the plan,[151] but ultimately voted in favor of theBush tax cuts in 2003 and for their extension in 2006.[152][153][154] Collins was one of just three Republican lawmakers to vote for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act,[155] prompting heated criticism from the right for crossing party lines.

In December 2017, Collins voted to pass the2017 Republican tax plan.[156] The bill greatly reduces corporate taxes while reducing taxes for some individuals and increasing them for others by removing some populardeductions.[156] The bill also repeals Affordable Care Act's individual mandate, leaving thirteen million Americans uninsured and raising premiums by an estimated additional 10% per year.[157][158] After the vote, Collins said she received assurances from congressional leaders that they would pass legislation intended to mitigate some of the adverse effects of the individual mandate's repeal.[158] When asked how she could vote for a bill that would increase the deficit by an estimated $1 trillion (over ten years) after having railed against the deficit during the Obama administration, Collins insisted that it would not increase the deficit. She said she had been advised in this determination by economistsGlenn Hubbard,Larry Lindsey, andDouglas Holtz-Eakin.[159][156] Conservative columnistJennifer Rubin wrote that Hubbard and Holtz-Eakin denied saying the plan would not increase the deficit.[160][161]

After voting for the tax plan, Collins became the top recipient of political donations fromprivate equity firms.[162] Blackstone chief executiveSteven Schwarzman donated $2 million to Collins's PAC, andKen Griffin of the hedge fundCitadel donated $1.5 million.[162]

Along with all other Senate and House Republicans, Collins voted against theAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021.[163] On September 30, 2021, she was one of 15 Senate Republicans to join all Democrats and both Independents to approve a temporary spending bill to continue government funding and avoid agovernment shutdown.[164][165] On October 7, 2021, she voted with 10 other Republicans and all members of the Democratic caucus to break the filibuster on raising thedebt ceiling.[166][167] She voted with all Republicans against the legislation to raise the debt ceiling.[168]

Environment

In 2008, Collins joined the bipartisanGang of 20, which sought to break a deadlock on a bill allowingoffshore drilling that would devote billions in proceeds torenewable energy development.[169][170]

In February 2017, Collins was the only Republican to vote against undoing an Obama administration rule that required coal mining companies to avoid contaminating local waterways.[171] She was the only Republican to vote against the confirmation ofScott Pruitt, and laterAndrew Wheeler, to lead theEnvironmental Protection Agency.[172][173]

In 2017, Collins voted for theTax Cuts and Jobs Act, allowingoil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, after unsuccessfully attempting to remove that part of the bill.[174][better source needed]

As of 2022, Collins has a lifetime score of 60% from the League of Conservation Voters, the highest of any incumbent Senate Republican.[175]

Foreign policy and national security

In 2003, Collins voted in favor of theIraq War Resolution authorizing President Bush to go to war against Iraq.[176] In November 2007, she was one of four Republicans to vote for a Democratic proposal of $50 billion that would condition further spending on a timeline for withdrawing troops, mandating that a withdrawal begin 30 days after the bill was enacted as part of a goal of removing all U.S. troops in Iraq by December 15, 2008. The bill failed to get the 60 votes needed to overcome a filibuster.[177] In April 2008, Collins and SenatorsBen Nelson andEvan Bayh met with Bush's advisor on Iraq and Afghanistan,Douglas Lute, and expressed support for a prohibition on spending for major reconstruction projects, the proposal requiring Iraqis to pay for its security forces to be trained and equipped and reimburse the American military for the estimated $153 million a month the military spent on fueling in combat operations in Iraq. Collins said after the meeting that while the administration did not have a view entirely similar to the senators', it at least seemed open to their proposal.[178] In June 2014, while growing violence erupted in Iraq under the leadership of Prime MinisterNouri al-Maliki, Collins said the violence would have been slower had a residual NATO force been present in Iraq and that the question was whether airstrikes were effective.[179]

In September 2009, Collins said she was unsure whether sending more American troops toAfghanistan would help end theAfghanistan War, but cited the need for "more American civilians to help build up institutions" and growth of the Afghan army.[180] In 2010, she called for the removal of Arnold Fields asSpecial Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, citing his repeated expressing of concern for the SIGAR and his disappointment with the Obama administration's "ongoing failure to take decisive action".[181] In August 2017, Collins commended Trump for providing clarity after years of the U.S. lacking a "clear focus and defined strategy" with respect to Afghanistan and said he made the case that the Afghan government must participate "in defending its people, ending havens for terrorists, and curtailing corruption".[182]

Before Obama metPresident of the People's Republic of ChinaXi Jinping at an informal retreat in June 2013, Collins cosponsored legislation that would authorize the Commerce Department to investigate whether currency manipulation is a form of subsidization.[183] In April 2018, she said the U.S. needed "a more nuanced approach" in dealing with China but gave Trump "credit for levying these tariffs against the Chinese, with whom we've talked for a decade about their unfair trade practices and their theft of intellectual property from American firms", adding that while the U.S. needed to toughen its stance against China, it would need to do this in a manner that did not create "a trade war and retaliation that will end up with our European and Asian competitors getting business that otherwise would have come to American farmers".[184]

In March 2015, Collins was one of seven Senate Republicans not to sign a March 2015 letter to the leadership of theIslamic Republic of Iran attempting to cast doubt on the Obama administration's authority to engage in nuclear-proliferation negotiations with Iran.[185] She announced her opposition to theIran nuclear agreement later that year, saying it was "fundamentally flawed because it leaves Iran as capable of building a nuclear weapon at the expiration of the agreement as it is today", and predicted Iran "will be a more dangerous and stronger nuclear threshold state" after the agreement expires.[186] In June 2019, after the United States nearly launched an airstrike on Iran after Iran downed an American surveillance drone, Collins said the U.S. could not "allow Iran to continue to launch this kind of attack" but warned that miscalculations by either side "could lead to a war in theMiddle East".[187]

In March 2017, Collins co-sponsored theIsrael Anti-Boycott Act (S.270), which made it a federal crime, punishable by a maximum sentence of 20 years imprisonment,[188] for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel andIsraeli settlements in the occupiedPalestinian territories if protesting actions by the Israeli government.[189]

In March 2018, Collins was one of five Republican senators to vote against tabling a resolution that would cease the U.S. military's support forSaudi Arabia'sbombing operations in Yemen.[190] In December, she was one of seven Republican senators to vote for the resolution withdrawing American armed forces' support for the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen and an amendment byTodd Young ensuring midair refueling between American and Saudi Air Force did not resume.[191] Collins was one of seven Republicans to vote to end U.S. support for the war in Yemen in February 2019, and, in May 2019, she was one of seven Republicans to vote to override Trump's veto of the resolution on Yemen.[192] In June 2019, Collins was one of seven Republicans to vote to block Trump's Saudi arms deal providing weapons to Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Jordan and one of five Republicans to vote against an additional 20 arms sales.[193]

In May 2020, Collins voted to confirm U.S. RepresentativeJohn Ratcliffe asDirector of National Intelligence. In 2019, there was bipartisan opposition to Ratcliffe's nomination.The Washington Post called Collins's support for Ratcliffe "key" to his 2020 confirmation.[194]

Collins said she was "saddened" by Trump's White House clash with Ukrainian PresidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy on February 28, 2025.[195]

Gun policy

Collins voted for theManchinToomey bill to amend federal law to expand background checks for gun purchases.[196] She voted against a ban on high-capacity (more than ten rounds) magazines.[197] In 2014 she received a "C" grade on gun rights from theNRA Political Victory Fund,[198] rising to a "B" rating in 2020.[199] She received a D− from Gun Owners of America in 2012.[200]

In 2018, Collins co-sponsored the NICS Denial Notification Act,[201] legislation developed in the aftermath of theStoneman Douglas High School shooting that would require federal authorities to inform states within a day after a person failing the National Instant Criminal Background Check System attempted to buy a firearm.[202]

In February 2019, Collins supported the Terrorist Firearms Prevention Act, legislation enabling the attorney general to deny the sale of a firearm to people on the no-fly list or selectee list. It passed the House but failed to advance in the Senate.[203]

In 2020, Gun Owners of Maine gave Collins a B rating, writing, "On 2nd Amendment issues, Susan Collins generally stands with gun owners. She has opposed magazine capacity restrictions and voted to prohibit lawsuits against gun manufacturers for crimes committed with guns."[204]

In 2022, Collins became one of ten Republican senators to support a bipartisan agreement on gun control, which included a red flag provision, a support for state crisis intervention orders, funding for school safety resources, stronger background checks for buyers under the age of 21, and penalties for straw purchases.[205]

Health care

In May 2017, Collins was one of six senators to introduce the Medicaid Coverage for Addiction Recovery Expansion Act, legislation that would allow treatment facilities with up to 40 beds reimbursement by Medicaid for 60 consecutive days of inpatient services and serve as a modification of the Medicaid Institutions for Mental Disease law, which authorized Medicaid coverage only for facilities with 16 or fewer beds.[206]

Though she voted against theAffordable Care Act (Obamacare), Collins (along with fellow RepublicansJohn McCain andLisa Murkowski) voted againstan unsuccessful "skinny repeal" attempt in July 2017.[207] Later that year, she voted with Republican senators to repeal theindividual mandate of the ACA.[208] The absence of the individual mandate weakened the ACA's legal stability, leading the Trump administration in 2020 to seek to have the ACA ruled unconstitutional by the courts (in a 5–4 Supreme Court decision in 2012, Chief Justice Roberts upheld the ACA by citing the individual mandate).[209][208] The ACA remained intact, despite the lack of the individual mandate, following a 7-2 Supreme Court decision to reject a challenge to the law.[210]

In December 2017, Collins was one of nine senators to sign a letter to Senate Majority LeaderMitch McConnell and Minority LeaderChuck Schumer describing opioid use as a nonpartisan issue that was "ravaging communities in every state and preys upon individuals and families regardless of party affiliation" and requesting that they "make every effort to ensure that new, substantial and sustained funding for the opioid epidemic is included in any legislative package".[211]

In April 2019, Collins cosponsored the Protecting Jessica Grubb's Legacy Act, legislation that authorized the sharing of the medical records of patients being treated for substance use disorder among healthcare providers if the patient provided the information. CosponsorShelley Moore Capito said the bill also prevented medical providers from unintentionally providing opioids to individuals in recovery.[212]

Immigration

In 2007, Collins voted against the bipartisanMcCain-Kennedy comprehensive immigration reform proposal, which would have given undocumented immigrants (including those brought into the United States as minors) a pathway to citizenship if they met certain requirements, while also substantially increasing border enforcement.[213] In 2010, she voted against theDREAM Act.[214] In 2013, Collins was one of 14 Republicans to vote in favor of a comprehensive immigration bill that included border security and a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.[215] She opposed Obama's decision to achieve immigration reform through executive action, which gave deportation relief to as many as five million undocumented immigrants throughDeferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA).[216]

In 2017, Collins opposed Trump'sexecutive order to ban entry to the U.S. by citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries, saying, "The worldwide refugee ban set forth in the executive order is overly broad and implementing it will be immediately problematic."[217] In 2019, she introduced bipartisan legislation to oppose Trump's declaration emergency at the southern border in order to build a wall.[218] She was one of a dozen Republicans who broke with their party, joining all Democrats, to vote for the resolution rejecting the emergency declaration.[219] In September 2019, she again voted with 10 other Republicans to overturn Trump's emergency declaration on the border.[220]

LGBTQ policy

In 2004, Collins was one of six Republicans who voted against the Federal Marriage Amendment, a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would ban same-sex marriage.[221] She voted in favor of theDon't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 and was the primary Republican sponsor of the repeal effort.[222][223][224][225][226] In 2015, she was one of 11 Republican senators to vote to give Social Security benefits to same-sex couples in states where same-sex marriage was not yet recognized.[227]

In 2017 and 2019, Collins co-sponsored bills with Democratic senators to prevent Trump frombanning transgender people from the United States military[228] and prohibitanti-LGBT housing discrimination.[229][230][231] She was the only Republican co-sponsor of theEquality Act, which aims to comprehensively prohibit LGBT discrimination.[232] In February 2021, Collins announced she would no longer co-sponsor the bill over amendments that were not made.[233]

In 2021, Collins was one of 49 senators to vote for an amendment to theAmerican Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which aimed to defund schools allowing transgender students to compete in sports.[234]

TheHuman Rights Campaign (HRC), which rates politicians' support forLGBT issues, gave Collins a score of 85% during the 114th Congress (2015–17),[235] and a score of 33% during the115th Congress (2017–19).[236] She received a 49% score in the 116th Congress.[237] In 2020, the HRC endorsed an opponent of Collins for the first time since 1996, citing her votes for judicial nominees, particularlyBrett Kavanaugh.[238][239] In 2022, Collins was one of 12 Republicans in the Senate voting to advance and pass theRespect for Marriage Act, legislation intended to codifysame-sex marriage rights into federal law.[240]

Net neutrality

Collins strongly supportsFCC Open Internet Order 2010. After formerFederal Communications Commission chairmanAjit Pai repealed net neutrality regulations in 2017, Collins and SenatorAngus King announced they would support a bipartisan enactment of theCongressional Review Act to reverse the FCC's decision.[241] In another statement, Collins argued that net neutrality regulations would help rural communities obtain access to the internet and that the regulations strengthened consumer privacy protections, citing theFacebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal for failing to protect consumers' privacy.[242]

United States Postal Service

In 2006, Collins sponsored thePostal Accountability and Enhancement Act, which passed the Senate unanimously. It requires the USPS to prepay 50 years' worth of employee health and retirement benefits.[243] Since the act passed, the USPS has defaulted on payments.[244][245]

Honors and awards

TheU.S. Chamber of Commerce, a lobbying group, awarded Collins the 2013 Spirit of Enterprise Award for her support of its positions.[246]

On May 7, 2014,The National Journal recognized Collins as the senator with "perfect attendance", noting that she had not missed a single vote since her election to the Senate in 1997.[247]

In 2014,Elle magazine named Collins one of its "10 Most Powerful Women in D.C".[248]

Collins received the Publius Award from the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress on March 12, 2014.[249]

TheVeterans of Foreign Wars gave Collins its 2017 Congressional Award, which is annually given to one member of Congress for their significant legislative contributions on behalf of military veterans.[250]

In 2022, Collins received theAcademy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award.[251][252]

In December 2024, Susan Collins was included on theBBC's100 Women list.[253]

Honorary degrees

Honorary degrees awarded to Susan Collins
LocationDateSchoolDegreeGave commencement address
Bangor, Maine1997Husson UniversityDoctor of Public Service[254][255]No
Biddeford, Maine1999University of New EnglandDoctor of Laws (LL.D.)[256]Yes
Castine, Maine2007Maine Maritime AcademyDoctorate[257][258]Yes
Waterville, MaineSeptember 13, 2014Colby CollegeDoctorate[259][260]No
Augusta, MaineMay 9, 2015University of Maine at AugustaDoctor of Humane Letters (DHL)[261]Yes
Middlebury, VermontMay 29, 2016Middlebury CollegeDoctorate[262]No
Canton, New YorkMay 21, 2017St. Lawrence UniversityDoctor of Humane Letters (DHL)[263]Yes[264]
Lewiston, MaineMay 28, 2017Bates CollegeDoctor of Humane Letters (DHL)[265][266]No[267]
This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(July 2020)

Personal life

Collins is married to Thomas Daffron, a lobbyist who worked as chief operating officer at Jefferson Consulting Group in Washington, D.C. from 2006 to 2016; he consulted on Collins's 1996, 2002 and 2008 Senate campaigns.[268] They were married on August 11, 2012, at the Gray MemorialUnited Methodist Church inCaribou, Maine.[269][270] Collins isRoman Catholic.[271]

Electoral history

Main article:Electoral history of Susan Collins

Collins has been on the general-election ballot six times in Maine: once for governor, five times for U.S. senator. She has been defeated just once, in her 1994 campaign for governor.

See also

Notes

References

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  188. ^Levitz, Eric (July 19, 2017)."43 Senators Want to Make It a Federal Crime to Boycott Israeli Settlements".New York Intelligencer.
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  201. ^Gaudiano, Nicole (March 5, 2018)."School safety bill introduced by bipartisan senators in response to Florida shooting". wfmynews2.com.
  202. ^"Collins-backed push to keep criminals from guns progresses". seacoastonline.com. Associated Press. March 10, 2018. RetrievedSeptember 15, 2020.
  203. ^Carney, Jordain (February 27, 2018)."Senators introduce bill to block terrorists from buying guns".The Hill.
  204. ^"2020 CANDIDATE GUN RIGHTS GRADES".Gun Owners of Maine. RetrievedJune 1, 2022.
  205. ^Bash, Dana; Raju, Manu; Judd, Donald (June 12, 2022)."Bipartisan group of senators announces agreement on gun control".CNN. RetrievedJune 12, 2022.
  206. ^Castellucci, Maria (May 18, 2017)."New Senate bill aims to boost Medicaid addiction treatment access". modernhealthcare.com.
  207. ^Cassidy, John (September 26, 2017)."How Susan Collins Helped Save Obamacare".The New Yorker. RetrievedApril 18, 2020.
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  211. ^Baldwin, Tammy (December 15, 2017)."U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin Joins Bipartisan Group of Senators Urging Congressional Leadership to Commit Resources to Opioid Epidemic". urbanmilwaukee.com.
  212. ^"Capito seeks better treatment for patients with opioid addiction through sharing of medical records".Ripon Advance.Ripon Society. April 11, 2019. RetrievedSeptember 15, 2020.
  213. ^Goddard, Lisa (June 29, 2007)."The Senate immigration vote: How they voted".CNN. RetrievedMay 29, 2018.
  214. ^Willis, Derek (December 18, 2010)."Fails To Advance Dream Act – H.R.5281: Removal Clarification Act of 2010".ProPublica. RetrievedMay 29, 2018.
  215. ^Berman, Dan (June 27, 2013)."Senate Immigration Roll Call Vote: Republicans who voted for the bill".Politico. RetrievedMay 29, 2018.
  216. ^Cornwell, Susan (November 19, 2014)."Some Senate Democrats balk at Obama's unilateral immigration approach".Reuters.
  217. ^Blake, Aaron (January 29, 2017)."Coffman, Gardner join Republicans against President Trump's travel ban; here's where the rest stand".Denver Post. RetrievedJanuary 30, 2017.
  218. ^Khan, Mariam (February 28, 2019)."Senate will soon consider resolution to terminate Trump's emergency declaration".ABC News. RetrievedMarch 6, 2019.
  219. ^Cochrane, Emily; Thrush, Glenn (March 14, 2019)."Senate Rejects Trump's Border Emergency Declaration, Setting Up First Veto".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedMarch 14, 2019.
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  221. ^"Same-sex marriage Senate battle over, war is not".CNN. July 15, 2004. RetrievedMay 22, 2018.
  222. ^Foley, Elise (December 18, 2010)."Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Passes Senate 65–31".HuffPost. RetrievedJuly 30, 2011.
  223. ^Keyes, Bob (December 18, 2010)."Snowe, Collins join majority in repeal of 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'".Kennebec Journal. Archived fromthe original on August 7, 2011. RetrievedJuly 30, 2011.
  224. ^Toeplitz, Shira (December 18, 2010)."Eight Republicans back 'Don't Ask' repeal".Politico. RetrievedJuly 30, 2011.
  225. ^"Senate Vote On the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 2965".Senate.gov. December 18, 2010. RetrievedJuly 30, 2011.
  226. ^"Senate Vote 281 – Repeals 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'".The New York Times. Archived fromthe original on October 27, 2015. RetrievedMay 11, 2017.
  227. ^Dennis, Steven T. (March 27, 2015)."Same-Sex Marriage Benefits Endorsed on Senate Floor (Updated)".Roll Call. RetrievedAugust 27, 2018.
  228. ^Reilly, Katie (September 11, 2017)."Democrat and Republican Senators Move to Stop Trump's Transgender Military Ban".Time. RetrievedSeptember 17, 2017.
  229. ^Stuart, Calum (May 12, 2019)."Senate bill seeks to expand LGBTI housing anti-discrimination protections".Gay Star News. RetrievedMay 12, 2019.
  230. ^Phelps, Rob (May 11, 2019)."Maine's King and Collins introduce bill to add LGBT people to Fair Housing Act".Boston Spirit Magazine. RetrievedMay 12, 2019.
  231. ^"Maine senators push to add LGBT people to Fair Housing Act".WPFO. Associated Press. May 6, 2019. RetrievedMay 12, 2019.
  232. ^Merkley, Jeff (March 13, 2019)."Cosponsors – S.788 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): Equality Act".www.congress.gov. RetrievedJune 18, 2020.
  233. ^Chris, Johnson (February 23, 2021)."Sen. Collins won't co-sponsor Equality Act, laments 'revision' not made".Washington Blade. RetrievedMarch 8, 2021.
  234. ^Chris, Johnson (March 6, 2021)."Collins, Manchin vote to defund schools allowing trans kids in sports".Washington Blade. RetrievedMarch 8, 2021.
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External links

Susan Collins at Wikipedia'ssister projects
Party political offices
Preceded byRepublican nominee forGovernor of Maine
1994
Succeeded by
Preceded byRepublican nominee forU.S. Senator fromMaine
(Class 2)

1996,2002,2008,2014,2020
Most recent
Preceded byResponse to the State of the Union address
2000
Served alongside:Bill Frist
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Preceded by
Bill Cohen
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1997–present
Served alongside:Olympia Snowe,Angus King
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2003–2007
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