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SURCAL

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(Redirected fromSurcal 2)
Series of radar calibration satellites

TheSurveillance Calibration (orSURCAL) satellites were a series ofradar calibration satellites for theNaval Space Surveillance radar system. They were launched in the 1960s.

Background

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SURCAL 5

The SURCAL series of satellites were produced by theNaval Research Laboratory to act as test and calibration targets for the Naval Space Surveillance radar. The first SURCAL satellite was intended to remain attached to the launch vehicle[1] and was a 5.5 inch long, 5.5 inch diameter cylinder.[2] The other four SURCAL satellites were box-shaped with solar panels, a transponder, and antennas.[3] They transmitted a 216MHz signal on command.[4]

Launches

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SURCAL 1
SURCAL Satellites
NameCOSPAR[5]Launch date[5]Rocket[6]Mass (kg)Re-entry[7]
SURCAL 1N/A24 January 1962Thor-Able-Star[1]98.5 kg[8]Launch failure
SURCAL 2[a]1962 B Tau 413 December 1962Thor-Agena-D[10]37 kg[9]18 Jan 1966
SURCAL 3[b]1962-021F15 June 1963Thor-Agena-D[10]3 kg[11]5 Jul 1963
SURCAL 4[c]1965-016G9 March 1965Thor-Agena-D[10]5 kg[12]27 March 1981
SURCAL 51965-065K9 March 1965Thor-Able-Star[10]In orbit
  1. ^Also listed as SURCAL 1A[9]
  2. ^Also listed as SURCAL 1B[6]
  3. ^Also listed as SURCAL 2B[6]

Other vehicles

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Astronautix includes passive satellites such as the SURCAL 150B and SURCAL 160 target objects as part of the SURCAL program.[6]

References

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  1. ^abKrebs, Gunter D."Surcal 1".Gunter's Space Page.Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved8 October 2021.
  2. ^Deac, Wilfred P (1 April 2008)."The Navy's Spy Missions in Space".U.S. Naval Institute.22 (2).Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved8 October 2021.
  3. ^McDowell, Jonathan (1997)."Naval Research Laboratory Satellites 1960-1989"(PDF).Journal of the British Interplanetary Society.50:427–432.Archived(PDF) from the original on 18 September 2021. Retrieved8 October 2021.
  4. ^Olson, Richard D., ed. (August 1965). "NRL Satellites".Naval Research Reviews.18 (8): cover.
  5. ^abMcDowell, Jonathan."Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report.Archived from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved8 October 2021.
  6. ^abcdWade, Mark."SURCAL".www.astronautix.com. Archived fromthe original on 5 September 2021. Retrieved8 October 2021.
  7. ^McDowell, Jonathan."Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Report.Archived from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved8 October 2021.
  8. ^"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details".nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved8 October 2021.
  9. ^ab"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details".nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved8 October 2021.
  10. ^abcdKrebs, Gunter D."Surcal 2, 3, 4, 5".Gunter's Space Page.Archived from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved8 October 2021.
  11. ^"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details".nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.Archived from the original on 2021-10-08. Retrieved2021-10-08.
  12. ^"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details".nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved8 October 2021.
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated inunderline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed initalics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated inunderline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed initalics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated inunderline. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed initalics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
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