| 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery | |
|---|---|
| Signed | 7 September 1956 (1956-09-07) |
| Location | Geneva, Switzerland |
| Effective | 30 April 1957 |
| Condition | Fulfilled |
| Signatories | 35 |
| Parties | 124 (as at March 2018)[1](Convention and subsequent Protocol) |
TheSupplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the full title of which is theSupplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, is a 1956 United Nations treaty which builds upon the1926 Slavery Convention, which is still operative and which proposed to secure the abolition ofslavery and of the slave trade, and theForced Labour Convention of 1930, which bannedforced or compulsory labour, by banningdebt bondage,serfdom,child marriage,servile marriage, andchild servitude.
The Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery was preceded by the1926 Slavery Convention. In 1932 the Committee of Experts on Slavery was established to investigate the efficiency of the 1926 Slavery Convention,[2] which in turn resulted in the establishment of the permanentAdvisory Committee of Experts on Slavery (ACE).[3] The global investigation of the occurrence of slavery and slave trade performed by the ACE between 1934 and 1939 was interrupted by the outbreak of theWorld War II, but it was the foundation for the work against slavery performed by the UN after the war.[4]
When the League of Nations was succeeded by the United Nations (UN) after the end of theWorld War II,Charles Wilton Wood Greenidge of theAnti-Slavery International worked for the UN to continue the investigation of global slavery conducted by the ACE of the League, and in February 1950 the Ad hocCommittee on Slavery of the United Nations was inaugurated.[5]By the 1950s, legalchattel slavery and slave trade was formally abolished by law in almost the entire world, with the exception of the Arabian Peninsula. Chattel slavery was still legalin Saudi Arabia,in Yemen, inthe Trucial States andin Oman, whileslavery in Qatar was abolished in 1952, and slaves were supplied for the Arabian Peninsula by theRed Sea slave trade.
The UN Committee on Slavery presented its raport of global slavery to theUnited Nations Economic and Social Council in 1951; it was published in 1953, and a Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery was written in 1954, and introduced in 1956.[6]
In the 1950s, in connection to theAd Hoc Committee on Slavery and the Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery,Barnett Janner described Saudi Arabia and Yemen as the only remaining states were slavery was still a legal institution:[7]
The shipping of slaves occurs in only one particular area of the world, in the seas around Arabia. The warships most likely to search such slavers would be British, and I feel sure that there would not be any abuse of the right to search. I am sorry that we gave up the fight for that right. As far as I know, Saudi Arabia and Yemen are the only States in the world where chattel slavery is still a legal institution. Only a year or so ago a French Deputy—the person, I assume, to whom my hon. Friend referred—investigated the situation and found that every year ignorant Africans are lured on by agents to make a pilgrimage to Mecca. They are not told, of course, that they need a Saudi Arabian visa. When they arrive in Saudi Arabia without a visa they are arrested and put into prison for a few days and then handed over to licensed slave dealers. In addition, raids are made in Baluchistan and the Sheikdoms of the Persian Gulf and people are captured and carried off by land and sea, taken to small Saudi Arabian ports and sold in slave markets.
