| Superunknown | ||||
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| Studio album by | ||||
| Released | March 8, 1994 (1994-3-8) | |||
| Recorded | July–September 1993 | |||
| Studio | Bad Animals (Seattle, Washington) | |||
| Genre | ||||
| Length | 70:13 | |||
| Label | A&M | |||
| Producer |
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| Soundgarden chronology | ||||
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| Singles from Superunknown | ||||
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| 2014 re-release cover | ||||
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Superunknown is the fourth studio album by Americanrock bandSoundgarden, released on March 8, 1994, throughA&M Records. Produced byMichael Beinhorn and the band themselves, Soundgarden began work on the album after touring in support of their previous album,Badmotorfinger (1991).Superunknown retained the heaviness of the band's earlier releases while displaying a more diverse range of influences.
Superunknown was a critical and commercial success and became the band's breakthrough album. It debuted at number one on theBillboard 200, selling 310,000 copies in its opening week. The album also topped the Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand charts. Five singles were released from the album: "The Day I Tried to Live", "My Wave", "Fell on Black Days", "Spoonman", and "Black Hole Sun", the latter two of which wonGrammy Awards and helped Soundgarden reach mainstream popularity. At the37th Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for theGrammy Award for Best Rock Album. It has been certified6x Platinum by theRecording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in the United States.Superunknown has been listed by several publications as one of the best albums of the 1990s and a quintessentialgrunge album. In April 2019, it was ranked No. 9 onRolling Stone's "50 Greatest Grunge Albums" list.[4]
Soundgarden began work on the album about two months after finishing its stint on the 1992Lollapalooza tour.[5] The individual band members would work on material on their own and then bring in demos to which the other members of the band would contribute.[6] FrontmanChris Cornell said that the band members allowed each other more freedom than on past records.[7] GuitaristKim Thayil observed that even though the band spent as much time writing and arranging as it had on previous albums, it spent a lot more time working on recording the songs.[8] After two albums with producerTerry Date, the band decided to seek another collaborator. Thayil said, "We just thought we'd go for a change."[8] Eventually they settled on producerMichael Beinhorn, who "didn't have his own trademark sound which he was trying to tack on to Soundgarden" and had ideas the band approved.[6]
The album's recording sessions took place from July 1993 to September 1993 atBad Animals Studio inSeattle,Washington, as according to Cornell "there was never a decent studio in Seattle and now there's one with aNeve console, so it seemed obvious to use it".[6] Bad Animals' resident engineerAdam Kasper, who went on to produce Soundgarden's following albums, assisted Beinhorn on the recording process.[9] Soundgarden took the approach of recording one song at a time.[10] The drum and bass parts were recorded first for each song, and then Cornell and Thayil would lay down their parts over top.[5] Cornell said that getting to know Beinhorn contributed to the length of time Soundgarden spent working on the album.[11] The band spent time experimenting with different drum and guitar sounds, as well as utilizing techniques such as layering, resulting in an expansive production sound.[11] Cornell said, "Michael Beinhorn was so into sounds. He was so, almost, anal about it, that it took the piss out of us a lot of the time ... By the time you get the sounds that you want to record the song, you're sick and tired of playing it."[12] Beinhorn tried to add many of his preferred musicians to mold the band's sound, in whatBillboard described as "weaning the band from brute force, giving it the impetus to invest in a more subtle power". For instance, prior to recording the vocals of "Black Hole Sun", Beinhorn made Cornell listen toFrank Sinatra.[13]
Superunknown lasts for 15 songs clocking on approximately 70 minutes because according to Cornell, "we didn't really want to argue over what should be cut".[9] Soundgarden took a break in the middle of recording to open forNeil Young on a ten-day tour of the United States.[14] The band then brought inBrendan O'Brien to mix the album, as Beinhorn felt the band needed "a fresh pair of ears"; O'Brien had come recommended byPearl Jam guitaristStone Gossard.[15] Thayil called the mixing process "very painless",[15] and bassistBen Shepherd said it was "the fastest part of the record".[6]
Footage of the band recording and mixing the song "Kickstand" was featured in theBill Nye the Science Guy episode "Sound".
The songs onSuperunknown captured the metal influences of the band's previous works while showcasing the group's newly evolving style. Steve Huey ofAllMusic said that the band's "earlierpunk influences are rarely detectable, replaced by surprisingly effective appropriations ofpop andpsychedelia."[16] Cornell labeled the album as more "challenging" and "versatile" than the band's previous releases.[11][17] The songs on the album are more experimental and diverse than the band's previous recordings, with some songs having a Middle-Eastern or Indian flavor (for example "Half", sung by Shepherd). Some songs also show aBeatles influence, such as "Head Down" and "Black Hole Sun". In a 1994 interview withGuitar World, Thayil explained, "We looked deep down inside the very core of our souls and there was a littleRingo sitting there. Oh sure, we like telling people it'sJohn Lennon orGeorge Harrison; but when you really look deep inside of Soundgarden, there's a little Ringo wanting to get out."[15] DrummerMatt Cameron said that the experimentation on the album was "just a matter of refinement."[14] According toThe A.V. Club, the album "both redefined and transcended grunge".[18] Michael Beinhorn stated that to achieve the intensity ofSuperunknown, he sought influence from Europeanelectronic music, such as the BritishAphex Twin and the Dutch genre ofGabber, described by him as "some of the rawest music made".[13]
Soundgarden usedalternate tunings and oddtime signatures on several of the album's songs. "Spoonman", "Black Hole Sun", "Let Me Drown" and "Kickstand" were performed indrop D tuning while "Fell on Black Days" was performed in standard tuning. Some songs used more unorthodox tunings: "Superunknown" and "Fresh Tendrils" are in DGDGBe tuning; "Like Suicide" is performed in a similar DGDGBC tuning; "My Wave" and "The Day I Tried to Live" are both in an EEBBBe tuning; "Mailman" and "Limo Wreck" employed CGDGBe tuning; "Head Down" and "Half" both utilised CGCGGe tuning; and "4th of July" uses CFCGBe tuning. Soundgarden's use of odd time signatures was varied as well; "Fell On Black Days" is in 6/4, "Limo Wreck" is played in 15/8, "My Wave" alternates between 5/4 and 4/4, and "The Day I Tried to Live" alternates between 7/8 and 4/4 sections. Thayil has said that Soundgarden usually did not consider the time signature of a song until after the band had written it, and said that the use of odd meters was "a total accident".[19][20]
Lyrically, the album is quite dark and mysterious, as much of it is often interpreted to be dealing with issues such assubstance abuse,suicide, anddepression, with running themes ofrevenge,annihilation,seclusion,fear,loss,death, anddiscovery. Cornell was inspired by the writings ofSylvia Plath at the time.[21] Commenting on the album's lyrics, Thayil said that "a lot ofSuperunknown seems to me to be about life, not death. Maybe not affirming it, but rejoicing—like theDruids [put it]: 'Life is good, but death's gonna be even better!"[21] Cameron said that the lyrics on the album are "a big fuck-you to the world, a plea to 'leave us alone'".[22] Cornell stated that "Let Me Drown" is about "crawling back to the womb to die",[23] "Fell on Black Days" is about realizing "you're unhappy in the extreme",[22] "Black Hole Sun" is about a "surreal dreamscape",[23] "Limo Wreck" is a"'shame-on-decadence' song",[11] "The Day I Tried to Live" is about "trying to step out of being patterned and closed off and reclusive",[24] and "4th of July" is about usingLSD. Cornell talked about "Mailman" at a concert saying, "This next one is about killing your boss. It's about coming to work early one morning cause you have a special agenda and you're going to shoot him in the fucking head."[23] Conversely, "Like Suicide" was literal, written by Cornell after a bird flew into a window of his house. He found the severely injured animal and killed it, hitting it with a brick to end its suffering.[22]
The video clip of the song "Spoonman" is notable for featuring a performance byArtis the Spoonman, astreet entertainer inSeattle.[25] The title of the song is credited to bassistJeff Ament ofPearl Jam.[26] While on the set of the movieSingles, Ament produced a list of song titles for the fictional band featured in the movie.[25] Cornell took it as a challenge to write songs for the film using those titles, and "Spoonman" was one of them.[25] Anacoustic demo version of the song appears in the movie.[25] Cornell said that the song is about "the paradox of who [Artis] is and what people perceive him as".[27]
The album'scover art (known as the 'Screaming Elf') is a distorted photograph of the band members, photographed by Kevin Westenberg, above a black and white upside-down burning forest. Concerning the artwork, Cornell said, "Superunknown relates to birth in a way ... Being born or even dying—getting flushed into something that you know nothing about. The hardest thing is to nail down a visual image to put on a title like that. The first thing we thought of was a forest in grey or black. Soundgarden has always been associated with images of flowers and lush colors and this was the opposite. It still seemed organic but it was very dark and cold ... I was into those stories as a kid where forests were full of evil and scary things as opposed to being happy gardens that you go camping in."[11] In a 1994Pulse! magazine interview, Cornell said that the inspiration for the album's title came from his misreading of a video entitledSuperclown. He added, "I thought it was a cool title. I'd never heard it before, never saw it before, and it inspired me."[21] The album also saw a limited release on 12" coloredvinyl (blue, orange, and clear), as a double-LP in agatefold sleeve.[28] The album's title 'SUPERUNKNOWN' is sometimes displayed with the "UNKNOWN" as semi upside down and reversed lettering (stylized as "SUPER∩ИKИOMИ").
On May 25, 2017, photographer Kevin Westenberg revealed the full photo from the cover for the first time on hisInstagram account.[29]
Superunknown was Soundgarden's breakthrough album, earning the band international recognition. Upon its release in March 1994,Superunknown debuted at number one on theBillboard 200 album chart,[30] and eventually closed the year as the 13th best-selling album of 1994, with 2.5 million copies sold.[31] The album has been certified six times platinum by theRIAA in the United States,[32] three times platinum in Canada and Australia,[33] two times platinum in Sweden,[34] platinum in the United Kingdom,[35] and gold in the Netherlands and Italy.
As of 2019Superunknown has sold 3.9 million copies in United States according to Nielsen.[36] The album spawned the EPSongs from the Superunknown and theCD-ROMAlive in the Superunknown, both released in 1995.[37]
The 20th-anniversary reissue of "Superunknown" was made available in two deluxe versions. The Deluxe Edition was a 2-CD package featuring the remastered album along with disc two consisting of demos, rehearsals, B-sides and more. The Super Deluxe Edition was a 5-CD package featuring the remastered album, additional demos, rehearsals and B-sides and the fifth disc is the album mixed in Blu-ray Audio 5.1 Surround Sound. The Super Deluxe Edition was packaged in a hardbound book with a lenticular cover, liner notes byDavid Fricke and newly reimagined album artwork designed by Josh Graham. It also featured never-before-seen band photography by Kevin Westerberg. A 2-LP gatefold of the original 16 vinyl tracks remastered on 200-gram vinyl in a gatefold jacket was also made available. In addition, theSuperunknown singles and associated b-sides with newly interpreted artwork sleeves by Josh Graham was reissued onRecord Store Day, April 19, 2014, as a set of five limited-edition 10-inch vinyl records."[38]
| Initial reviews (in 1994) | |
|---|---|
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| Entertainment Weekly | A[39] |
| Los Angeles Times |   [40] |
| Q | [41] |
| Rolling Stone |  [42] |
| Select |   [43] |
| Retrospective reviews (after 1994) | |
|---|---|
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | [16] |
| Blender | [44] |
| Christgau's Consumer Guide | A−[45] |
| Pitchfork | 8.5/10[46] |
| The Rolling Stone Album Guide | [47] |
| Spin | [48] |
| Spin Alternative Record Guide | 8/10[49] |
Superunknown received universal acclaim from music critics.Q said, "Soundgarden dealt in unreconstructed heavy rock: a heavy guitar sound, depth-charge drumming ... YetSuperunknown also includes more measured moments".[41]Rolling Stone magazine'sJ. D. Considine was impressed by the record's range and, despite criticizing "Black Hole Sun" and "Half", he said "at its best,Superunknown offers a more harrowing depiction of alienation and despair than anything onIn Utero".[42]Jon Pareles ofThe New York Times credited the band with trying to transcend conventional heavy metal: "Superunknown actually tries to broaden its audience by breaking heavy-metal genre barriers that Soundgarden used to accept."[50] InEntertainment Weekly,David Browne wrote, "Soundgarden is pumped and primed onSuperunknown, and they deliver the goods." He praised it as a "hard-rock milestone – a boiling vat of volcanic power, record-making smarts, and '90s anomie and anxiety that sets a new standard for anything called metal."[39]Ann Powers fromBlender said that "guitarist Thayil helps create thestoner-rock template", and that it "stands as Soundgarden's masterpiece".[44]Village Voice criticRobert Christgau, who had "mocked" Soundgarden's "conceptual pretentions for years", still felt their foredooming, pessimistic lyrics lacked much substance, but said they had improved composing, arranging, and producing on an album that was "easily the best—most galvanizing, kinetic, sensational,catchy—Zep rip in history".[51] In a retrospective review,AllMusic editor Steve Huey wrote, "It's obvious thatSuperunknown was consciously styled as a masterwork, and it fulfills every ambition."[16] It received a nomination in theBest Rock Album category for the1995 Grammy Awards.[52]
"We were listening toNirvana andPearl Jam just like everybody else," remarkedDef Leppard'sVivian Campbell, "and especially to Soundgarden – theSuperunknown record. That was the record that we referenced in terms of the sonics and the mood of it when makingSlang."[53]
The critical acclaim garnered bySuperunknown has led to its inclusion in many lists of the greatest albums.
| Publication | Country | Accolade | Year | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Village Voice | United States | Pazz & Jop: Greatest Albums of 1994[54] | 1994 | 11 |
| Spin | United States | "Top 20 Albums of 1994"[55] | 1994 | 17 |
| "Top 90 Albums of the 90s"[56] | 1999 | 70 | ||
| "125 Best Albums of the last 25 Years"[57] | 2012 | 90 | ||
| Rolling Stone | United States | "Best Albums of 1994"[58] | 1995 | 3 |
| "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time"[59][60] | 2012 | 335 | ||
| "The 100 Greatest Albums of the 90s"[61] | 2011 | 38 | ||
| Muziekkrant OOR | Netherlands | "The 100 Best Albums of 1991–1995"[62] | 1995 | 49 |
| Alternative Press | United States | "The 90 Greatest Albums of the 90s"[63] | 1998 | 18 |
| Kerrang! | United Kingdom | "100 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die"[64] | 1998 | 70 |
| Pause & Play | United States | "The 90s Top 100 Essential Albums"[65] | 1999 | 11 |
| Rock Hard | Germany | "The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time"[66] | 2005 | 304 |
| Loudwire | United States | "10 Best Hard Rock Albums of 1994" list[67] | 2014 | 3 |
| Wall of Sound | United States | "Top 100 Albums of All Time"[68][69] | 1999 | 89 |
| Publication | Year | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| Guitar World: 50 Iconic Albums That Defined 1994 | 2014 | [70] |
| 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die | 2005 | [71] |
The band began touring in January 1994 inOceania and Japan,[14] areas where the record came out early.[72] The band had never toured these regions before.[73] This round of touring ended in February 1994, and then in March 1994 the band moved on to Europe.[14] The band was to join a 20-date co-headline American tour withNine Inch Nails in April/May, but had to cancel. As an alternative they did a headlining theater tour on May 27, 1994.[14][74] The opening acts wereTad andEleven.[72] In late 1994, after touring in support ofSuperunknown, doctors discovered that Cornell had severely strained hisvocal cords. Soundgarden cancelled several more shows to avoid causing any permanent damage. Cornell said, "I think we kinda overdid it! We were playing five or six nights a week and my voice pretty much took a beating. Towards the end of the American tour I felt like I could still kinda sing, but I wasn't really giving the band a fair shake. You don't buy a ticket to see some guy croak for two hours! That seemed like kind of a rip off."[12] The band made up the dates later in 1995.[75]
All lyrics are written byChris Cornell, except "Head Down" and "Half" byBen Shepherd and "Fresh Tendrils" by Cornell andMatt Cameron.
| No. | Title | Music | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Let Me Drown" | Cornell | 3:51 |
| 2. | "My Wave" | Cornell,Kim Thayil | 5:12 |
| 3. | "Fell on Black Days" | Cornell | 4:42 |
| 4. | "Mailman" | Cameron | 4:25 |
| 5. | "Superunknown" | Thayil, Cornell | 5:06 |
| 6. | "Head Down" | Shepherd | 6:08 |
| 7. | "Black Hole Sun" | Cornell | 5:18 |
| 8. | "Spoonman" | Cornell | 4:06 |
| 9. | "Limo Wreck" | Cameron, Thayil | 5:47 |
| 10. | "The Day I Tried to Live" | Cornell | 5:19 |
| 11. | "Kickstand" | Thayil | 1:34 |
| 12. | "Fresh Tendrils" | Cameron | 4:16 |
| 13. | "4th of July" | Cornell | 5:08 |
| 14. | "Half" | Shepherd | 2:14 |
| 15. | "Like Suicide" | Cornell | 7:01 |
| Total length: | 70:13 | ||
| No. | Title | Music | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16. | "She Likes Surprises" | Cornell | 3:20 |
| Total length: | 73:33 | ||
Although the album's singles featured quite a fewB-sides, only "Exit Stonehenge" (from the "Spoonman" single) was sourced from theSuperunknown recording sessions in 1993. "Cold Bitch" (also from "Spoonman") was recorded during theBadmotorfinger recording sessions in 1991, "Kyle Petty, Son of Richard" and "Motorcycle Loop" (both from the "Fell on Black Days" single) were recorded by Stuart Hallerman atAvast Studios inSeattle in 1994. "Kyle Petty, Son of Richard" was later featured on the 1996Home Alive compilation. "Tighter & Tighter", "No Attention", and "An Unkind", all of which later appeared on the band's 1996 album,Down on the Upside, were attempted during theSuperunknown recording sessions.[76][77] Cameron said that the band wasn't pleased with the recording of "No Attention" that came out of the sessions.[78] An instrumental entitled "Ruff Riff-Raff" and a light-hearted song called "Bing Bing Goes to Church" were recorded at album rehearsals but were presumably not recorded during theSuperunknown recording sessions. Both were released in 2014 on the 20th anniversary Super Deluxe edition.
|
|
| Chart (1994) | Position |
|---|---|
| Australian Albums (ARIA)[111] | 20 |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[112] | 5 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[113] | 62 |
| European Albums (European Top 100 Albums)[86] | 28 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[114] | 24 |
| Icelandic Albums (Tónlist)[115] | 9 |
| New Zealand Albums (Recorded Music NZ)[116] | 25 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[117] | 32 |
| UK Albums (OCC)[118] | 71 |
| USBillboard 200[119] | 19 |
| Chart (1995) | Position |
|---|---|
| USBillboard 200[120] | 88 |
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| Australia (ARIA)[121] | 3× Platinum | 210,000^ |
| Canada (Music Canada)[122] | 3× Platinum | 300,000^ |
| Italy (FIMI)[123] | Gold | 25,000‡ |
| Netherlands (NVPI)[124] | Gold | 50,000^ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ)[125] | Platinum | 15,000‡ |
| Sweden (GLF)[126] | 2× Platinum | 200,000^ |
| United Kingdom (BPI)[127] | Platinum | 300,000^ |
| United States (RIAA)[128] | 6× Platinum | 6,000,000‡ |
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. | ||
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