This is an accepted version of this page
| Super Size Me | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Morgan Spurlock |
| Written by | Morgan Spurlock |
| Produced by | Morgan Spurlock |
| Starring | Morgan Spurlock Alexandra Jamieson |
| Cinematography | Scott Ambrozy |
| Edited by | Julie "Bob" Lombardi |
| Music by | Steve Horowitz |
Production company | The Con |
| Distributed by | |
Release date |
|
Running time | 98 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $65,000[1][2] |
| Box office | $22.2 million[2] |
Super Size Me is a 2004 Americandocumentary film directed by and starringMorgan Spurlock, an Americanindependent filmmaker. Spurlock's film follows a 30-day period from February 1 to March 2, 2003, during which he claimed to consume onlyMcDonald's food, although he later disclosed he was alsoabusing alcohol. The film documents the drastic change on Spurlock's physical and psychological health and well-being. It also explores thefast food industry's corporate influence, including how it encourages poornutrition for its own profit and gain.
The film prompted widespread debate about American eating habits and has since come under scrutiny for the accuracy of its science and the truthfulness of Spurlock's on-camera claims.
Spurlock ate atMcDonald's restaurants three times a day, consuming every item on the chain's menu at least once. Spurlock claimed to have consumed an average of 20.9megajoules or 5,000kcal (the equivalent of 9.26Big Macs) per day during the experiment. He also walked about 2kilometers (1.5 miles) a day. An intake of around 2,500 kcal within a healthy balanced diet is more generally recommended for a man to maintain his weight.[3] At the end of the experiment the then-32-year-old Spurlock had gained 24.5 pounds (11.1 kg), a 13% body mass increase, increased hischolesterol to 230 mg/dL (6.0 mmol/L), and experiencedmood swings,sexual dysfunction, and fat accumulation in his liver.
The reason for Spurlock's investigation was the increasing spread ofobesity throughout US society, which theSurgeon General has declared an "epidemic", and the corresponding lawsuit brought against McDonald's on behalf of two overweight girls, who, it was alleged, became obese as a result of eating McDonald's food (Pelman v. McDonald's Corporation, 237 F. Supp. 2d 512).[4] Spurlock argued that, although the lawsuit against McDonald's failed (and subsequently many state legislatures have legislated against product liability actions against producers and distributors of "fast food"), as well as theMcLibel case,[5][6] much of the same criticism leveled against thetobacco companies applies to fast food franchises whose product is both physiologically addictive and physically harmful.[7][8]
The documentary was nominated for anAcademy Award forBest Documentary Feature,[9] and wonBest Documentary Screenplay from theWriters Guild of America.[10] A comic book related to the movie has been made withDark Horse Comics as the publisher containing stories based on numerous cases of fast food health scares.[11]
Spurlock released a sequel,Super Size Me 2: Holy Chicken!, in 2017.[12]
As the film begins, Spurlock is in above-average physical shape, according to his personal trainer. He is seen by threephysicians (cardiologist Stephen Siegel,gastroenterologist/hepatologist Lisa Ganjhu, andgeneral practitioner Daryl Isaacs), as well as anutritionist and apersonal trainer. All of the health professionals predict the "McDiet" will have unwelcome effects on his body, but none expect anything too drastic, as his cardiologist Dr. Stephen Siegel cites thehuman body as being "extremely adaptable". Prior to the experiment, Spurlock ate a varied diet but always hadvegan evening meals to accommodate his girlfriend, Alexandra, a vegan chef. At the beginning of the experiment, Spurlock, who stood 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm) tall, had a body weight of 185 pounds (84 kg).
Spurlock made rules for himself governing his eating habits:
On February 1, Spurlock started the month with breakfast near his home inManhattan, where there were an average of four McDonald's locations (and 66,950 residents, with twice as many commuters) per square mile (2.6 km²). He aimed to keep the distances he walked in line with the 5,000 steps (approximately 2 miles (3.2 km)) walked per day by the average American.
The second day brought Spurlock's first (of nine) Super Sized meals, which he ate at the McDonald's on 34th Street and Tenth Avenue. It consisted of aDouble Quarter Pounder with Cheese, Super Size French fries, and a 42-ounceCoca-Cola, which took him 22 minutes to eat. He experienced steadily increasing stomach discomfort during the process, and then finallyvomited in the McDonald's parking lot.
After five days, Spurlock gained 9.5 pounds (4.3 kg) (from 185.5 to about 195 pounds). It was not long before he found himself experiencingdepression, and he claimed that his bouts of it, along withlethargy andheadaches, could be relieved by eating a McDonald's meal. His gastroenterologist, Dr. Lisa Ganjhu, described him as being "addicted". At his second weigh-in he had gained another 8 pounds (3.6 kg), putting his weight at 203.5 pounds (92.3 kg). By the end of the month he weighed about 210 pounds (95 kg), an increase of about 24.5 pounds (11.1 kg). Because he only wanted to eat McDonald's food, Spurlock refused to take any medication at all. At one weigh-in, Spurlock hadlost 1 lb. from the previous weigh-in, and anutritionist hypothesized that he had lostmuscle mass, which weighs more than an identical volume of fat. At another weigh-in a nutritionist said Spurlock had gained 17 pounds (7.7 kg) in 12 days.
Spurlock's then-girlfriend, Alexandra Jamieson, attested to the fact that Spurlock lost much of his energy andsex drive during his experiment. It was not clear at the time whether or not Spurlock would be able to complete the entire month of the high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet, and his family and friends began to express concern.
On Day 21, Spurlock had heartpalpitations and liver damage. Hisinternist, Dr. Daryl Isaacs, advised him to stop what he was doing immediately to avoid any serious health problems. He compared Spurlock with the protagonist played byNicolas Cage in the movieLeaving Las Vegas, who intentionally drinks himself to death in a matter of weeks. Despite this warning Spurlock decided to continue the experiment.
On March 2, Spurlock reached day 30 and achieved his goal. His physicians were surprised at the degree of deterioration in Spurlock's health. He noted that he has eaten as many McDonald's meals as most nutritionists say the ordinary person should eat in eight years. (He ate 90 meals, which is close to the number of meals consumed once a month in an eight-year period.)
 | This sectionneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
The documentary's end text states that it took Spurlock five months to lose 20.1 pounds (9.1 kg) and another nine months to lose the last 4.5 pounds (2.0 kg). His then-girlfriend Alex, now his ex-wife, began supervising his recovery with avegan "detox diet", which became the basis for her bookThe Great American Detox Diet.[15][better source needed]
The movie ends with arhetorical question, "Who do you want to see go first, you or them?" This is accompanied by a cartoon tombstone, which reads "Ronald McDonald (1954–2012)", which originally appeared inThe Economist in an article addressing the ethics of marketing to children.[14]
A short epilogue showed that the salads can contain even more fat and calories than burgers if the customer adds liberal amounts of cheese and dressing before consumption. It also described McDonald's discontinuation of theSuper Size option six weeks after the movie's premiere, as well as its recent emphasis on healthier menu items such as salads, and the release of the new "Go Active! Adult Happy Meal." McDonald's denied that these changes had anything to do with the film.[16]
Super Size Me premiered at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival, where Morgan Spurlock won the Grand Jury Prize for directing the film.[17] The film opened in the US on May 7, 2004, and grossed a total of $11,536,423 worldwide, making it the 7th highest-grossing documentary film of all time.[18] It was nominated for anAcademy Award forBest Documentary Feature, but lost to the filmBorn into Brothels. It did, however, win the award forBest Documentary Screenplay from theWriters Guild of America.[10]
The film holds a 92% rating on the film review aggregatorRotten Tomatoes based on 171 reviews, with an average rating of 7.73/10. The consensus calls the film an "entertaining doc about the adverse effects of eating fast food."[19]Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 73 out of 100, based on 37 critics.[20]
Super Size Me receivedtwo thumbs up onAt the Movies with Ebert and Roeper. Caroline Westbrook forBBC News stated that the hype for the documentary was proper "to a certain extent", because of its serious message, and that, overall, the film's "high comedy factor and over-familiarity of the subject matter render it less powerful than other recent documentaries – but it still makes for enjoyable, thought-provoking viewing."[21] One reviewer said "he's telling us something everyone already knows: Fast food is bad for you."[22]
Robert Davis ofPaste said the film accomplished some of its goals and addressed an important topic, but, at the same time, sometimes looked more like a publicity stunt than a documentary. He primarily criticized the dramatic and unscientific approach ofSuper Size Me, saying Spurlock unnecessarily ate more than he had to and ignored his nutritionist's advice. Davis explained he would have been more interested had the documentary been about trying to eat as healthy as possible at McDonald's: "You could choose low-fat options, but it would be impossible to get enough vegetables and fiber, and the low-fat meal would be incredibly bland, the product of a system that has worked to optimize food delivery and consistency and, in doing so, has invented foods so devoid of flavor that they require dressings, oils, beef tallow and goopy coatings to make them more than just textured blobs. The industry has worked hard to convince consumers that these odd, sweet flavors are not only good but also unique, recognizable parts of a brand. Spurlock doesn't attempt to convey this message, presumably because the affects [sic] of too few vegetables and too little fiber aren't as dramatic as speedy weight-and-cholesterol gains."[23]
McDonald's UK responded that the author intentionally consumed an average of 5,000 calories per day and did not exercise, and that the results would have been the same regardless of the source of overeating.[24]
In his reply documentaryFat Head, Tom Naughton "suggests that Spurlock's calorie and fat counts don't add up" and noted Spurlock's refusal to publish theSuper Size Me food log. TheHouston Chronicle reports: "Unlike Spurlock, Naughton has a page on his Web site that lists every item (including nutritional information) he ate during his fast-food month."[25]
After eating exclusively at McDonald's for one month, Soso Whaley said, "The first time I did the diet in April 2004, I lost 10 pounds (going from 175 to 165) and lowered my cholesterol from 237 to 197, a drop of 40 points." Of particular note was that she exercised regularly and did not insist on consuming more food than she otherwise would. Despite eating at only McDonald's every day, she maintained her caloric intake at around 2,000 per day.[26]
After John Cisna, a high school science teacher, lost 60 pounds while eating exclusively at McDonald's for 180 days, he said, "I'm not pushing McDonald's. I'm not pushing fast food. I'm pushing taking accountability and making the right choice for you individually... As a science teacher, I would never showSuper Size Me because when I watched that, I never saw the educational value in that... I mean, a guy eats uncontrollable amounts of food, stops exercising, and the whole world is surprised he puts on weight? What I'm not proud about is probably 70 to 80 percent of my colleagues across the United States still showSuper Size Me in their health class or their biology class. I don't get it."[27]
As a counterpoint, the film features interviews withBig Mac aficionado andrecord holderDon Gorske, who eats multiple Big Macs each day, yet maintains a healthy weight and cholesterol levels, as well as good mental health.
A 2006 study on fast food consumption by healthy individuals inspired by the documentary showed that, while the heavy diet does affect liver enzymes, it did not show the same dangerous effect shown in the documentary. This suggested that the extreme reaction must have had another cause.[28][29] In 2017, Spurlock – who previously told his doctors he did not drink – admitted tocopious amounts of alcohol consumption during the making of the film. Documentary filmmakerPhelim McAleer questioned whether this may better account for Spurlock's liver issues and other health problems, since it is uncertain whether he changed his alcohol intake during the experiment.[30]
Six weeks after the film's debut, McDonald's discontinued its supersize portions, although they claimed the decision had nothing to do with the film itself.[31] In the United Kingdom, McDonald's publicized a website which included a response to and criticisms of the film.[32] In theaters in the UK, the company placed a brief ad in the film's trailers, pointing to the URL and stating, "See what we disagree with. See what we agree with."
Internationally,Super Size Me was a major success in the box office of Australia.[33] McDonald's in Australia responded with an advertising campaign that included three elements: two advertisements for TV and one produced to be shown in movie theaters.[33]
The film was the inspiration for theBBC television seriesThe Supersizers... in which the presenters dine on historical meals and take medical tests to ascertain the impact on their health.[34]
The film was also the inspiration for the 2007 documentary filmSuper High Me, directed by Michael Blieden. The film followsDoug Benson, a comedian and cannabis enthusiast, as he becomes the subject to a multitude of tests designed to measure the physical and mental impacts of, first, not smoking cannabis for 30 days, and then smoking non-stop for 30 days. The poster for the movie was modeled after one of the promotional posters fromSuper Size Me.
The premise of the 2011 documentaryForks Over Knives was to create the "reverse" ofSuper Size Me, where the film's director "goes on this diet and gets better, instead of getting fatter and sicker".[35]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
