25°55′48″N86°15′00″E / 25.9300°N 86.2500°E /25.9300; 86.2500
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Supaul district | |
|---|---|
 Ram Janaki Mandir,Birpur | |
 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Bihar |
| Region | Mithila |
| Division | Kosi |
| Headquarters | Supaul |
| Government | |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Supaul |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | Nirmali,Pipra,Supaul,Triveniganj,Chhatapur |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,410 km2 (930 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 2,229,076 |
| • Density | 925/km2 (2,400/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 72.86 per cent |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 8521xx (Supaul)[1] |
| Major highways | NH 57,NH 106,NH 107NH 327ENH 327ASH 91SH 76Indo-Nepal border road |
| Website | supaul |
Supaul district is one of the thirty-eightdistricts of Bihar,India. The townSupaul is the district's administrative headquarters. The district, which was split from the formerSaharsa district on 14 March 1991, occupies 2,410 km2 (931 sq mi).
Supaul, which was previously a part ofSaharsa district, is now part of theMithila region.[2] Mithila first gained prominence after being settled byIndo-Aryan people, who established theMithila Kingdom (also calledKingdom of the Videhas).[3]
During the lateVedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha, along withKuru andPañcāla, became one of the major political and cultural centres of South Asia. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were calledJanakas.[4]The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into theVajjika League, which had its capital in the cityVaishali, which is also in Mithila.[5]
Supaul district occupies 2,425 km2 (936 sq mi)[6] and is bounded byNepal to the north,Araria district to the east,Madhepura andSaharsa districts to the south, andMadhubani district to the west. Supaul district is a part ofKosi division. TheKosi River flows through the district, which is regularly affected when it floods.
The Supaul district comprises the following four sub-divisions:
There are a total of eleven blocks in the Supaul District:[9]
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Supaul Lok Sabha is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bihar state. This constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of delimitation of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of theDelimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.
| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Alliance | Remarks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supaul | 41 | Nirmali | Aniruddha Prasad Yadav | JD(U) | NDA | |||
| 42 | Pipra | Rambilash Kamat | ||||||
| 43 | Supaul | Bijendra Prasad Yadav | ||||||
| 44 | Triveniganj (SC) | Sonam Rani Sardar | ||||||
| 45 | Chhatapur | Neeraj Kumar Singh | BJP | |||||
Agriculture is the major occupation of this district and rice is the main crop.
In 2006, theMinistry of Panchayati Raj named Supaul as one of the country's 250most backward districts out of a total of640.[9] It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar that receive funds from theBackward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[9] From December 2012, Bivha International Child Fund has funded education in Supaul's Koshi division. Several programs are funded for education, agriculture fromBivha International School, Bivha Rural Development fund, national banks, NABARD, andWorld Bank.
A dairy farm, which produce approximately 100,000 litres (22,000 imp gal) of milk per day has been established byBivha Corporation in Simrahi Bazar, Supaul. There is also an egg farm, which produces approximately 20,000 eggs per day, which was established by M/S Koshi in Parsauni village.[10][11]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 350,636 | — |
| 1911 | 361,484 | +0.31% |
| 1921 | 349,040 | −0.35% |
| 1931 | 369,329 | +0.57% |
| 1941 | 372,219 | +0.08% |
| 1951 | 431,547 | +1.49% |
| 1961 | 663,339 | +4.39% |
| 1971 | 854,589 | +2.57% |
| 1981 | 1,087,762 | +2.44% |
| 1991 | 1,342,841 | +2.13% |
| 2001 | 1,732,578 | +2.58% |
| 2011 | 2,229,076 | +2.55% |
| source:[12] | ||
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 81.20% | |||
| Islam | 18.36% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.44% | |||
According to the2011 census, Supaul district had apopulation of 2,229,076,[14] roughly equal to the nationLatvia[15] or the US state ofNew Mexico.[16] This gives it a ranking of 204th in India (out of a total of640) districts.[14] The district has a population density of 919 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,380/sq mi).[14] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 28.62%.[14] Supaul has asex ratio of 925females for every 1000 males[14] and aliteracy rate of 59.65%. 4.74% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 15.89% and 0.46% of the population respectively.[14]
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 76.31% of the population in the district spokeMaithili, 12.43%Hindi, 9.30%Urdu and 1.25%Bengali as their first language.[17]
According to the 2011 census, out of the total population of Supaul, 4.74 percent live in urban regions of the district. In total, 105,558 people lives in urban areas; there were 55,788 males and 49,770 females. The sex ratio in the urban region of Supaul district is 1,000 males to 892 females as per 2011 census data. The sex ratio of children in Supaul district was 1,000 males to 932 females in 2011. The child population (ages 0–6) in urban region was 17,654, of which there were 9,140 males and 8,514 females, comprising 16.38% of the urban population. The average literacy rate in Supaul district as per census 2011 was 72.74%; the rate in males was 80.78% and in females it was 63.64%. The exact figure of 63,939 people in the urban regions were literate, of which males numbered 37,684 and females numbered 26,255.
As per 2011 census, 2,123,518 people, 95.26% of the population of Supaul district, live in rural areas and villages. of which 1,099,495 were male and 1,024,023 were female. In rural areas of the district, the sex ratio is 931 females per 1,000 males. If the sex ratio of children is 945 girls per 1,000 boys. The child population of six years or below was 419,703 in rural areas, of which 215,813 were male and 203,890 were female. Children comprise 19.63% of the district's rural population. The literacy rate in rural areas of Supaul district is 56.89% as per census data 2011. Male and female literacy stood at 69.03& and 43.82% respectively. In total, 969,344 people were literate, of which 609,988 were male and 359,356 were female respectively.[18]
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The well-known historical and religious place, namely Durga Sthan, parsarma lies in the Supaul district and it is only 10 km (6 mi) away from the district headquarters.
Vishnu Mandir, temple based on south Indian architecture and dedicated to lord Vishnu has become a major tourist destination in the district. This adds a south Indian essence to the Mithila culture of the area. It is situated on the national highway 106.
Supaul is well-connected to other cities by road with national highways 106 and 57 that pass through it.NH57 connects Supaul to major cities such as Silchar, Gauhati Siliguri, Forbesganj, Mujjafarpur, Gorakhpur, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Porbandar. There are regular buses to the state's capitalPatna and the national capitalDelhi.
Rail transport is available across the district. The formernarrow-gauge railway connecting to Saharsa and Forbesganj is running . It is planned to be connected to Forbesganj, Saharasa Darbhanga, Mujjafarpur, and numerous other cities.
{{cite book}}:|last1= has generic name (help){{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)Latvia 2,204,708 July 2011 est.
New Mexico - 2,059,179
Places adjacent to Supaul district | |
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