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Sultan Bathery
city
Sultan Bathery Location in Kerala, India Show map of Kerala Sultan Bathery Sultan Bathery (India) Show map of India
Coordinates:11°40′N76°17′E / 11.67°N 76.28°E /11.67; 76.28
Country	India
State	Kerala
District	Wayanad
Named after	artillery battery of Tipu Sultan
Government
• Municipal Chairperson	T K Ramesh
Area
• Total	102.24 km2 (39.48 sq mi)
Elevation	901 m (2,956 ft)
Population  (2011)
• Total	45,417
• Density	440/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Languages
• Official	Malayalam, English
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	673592
Area code	91 4936
ISO 3166 code	IN-KL
Vehicle registration	KL-73
Sex ratio	1,029 male/female
Literacy	89.36%
[citation needed]

Sultan Bathery (Malayalam:[sult̪ːaːnbɐt̪ːeːɾi]) is a small city and municipality in theWayanad district ofKerala, India, near its borders withTamil Nadu andKarnataka. Once known as a strategic location in the Malabar region, Sultan Bathery is the headquarters of the Sultan Batherytaluk.^[1]

The modern town was part ofKidanganad village, so-called because of the presence of the Kidangan tribe.^[2] During the invasion ofMalabar byMysore rulerTipu Sultan, the town was used by the Mysore army as the storeroom or battery for its ammunition and used a 13th-century Ganapathi Temple located here as abattery.^[3][4] Thus the town known as "Sultan's Battery" in British records later got to be called as "Sultan Bathery".

The recorded history of Sultan Bathery, commensurate with that of Wayanad, begins in the 10th century. In 930 AD, Emperor Erayappa of theGanga dynasty led his troops to what would later become the district in the south-west of Mysore and, after conquering it, called it Bayalnad, meaning the land of swamps.^{[citation needed]} After Erayappa died, his sons Rachamalla and Battunga fought each other for the new kingdom of their father's legacy. Rachamalla was killed and Battunga became the undisputed ruler of Bayalnad.^{[citation needed]}

In the 12th century AD, the Gangas were dethroned by theKadamba dynasty of North Canara.^[5] In 1104 AD, Vishnuvardhana ofHoysala invaded Bayalnad followed by theVijayanagara dynasty in the 16th century. In 1610 AD, Udaiyar Raja Wadiyar of Mysore drove out Vijayanagara and became the ruler of Bayalnad and theNilgiris. When Wayanad was underHyder Ali's rule, theghat road fromVythiri to Thamarassery was constructed.^[6] Later, the British rulers developed this route into Carter Road.^[7]

British rule began at the start of the 19th century after theEast India Company seized Wayanad from the hands ofPazhassi Raja and administered the district until it was superseded by theBritish Raj in 1858. Until 1947, Wayanad was under the rule of the Malabar collector. History has it that Wayanad has a rich folk culture that gave way to the British domination of Wayanad. The British named the village Sultan's Battery, which in later history means the Sultan's Armory.^{[citation needed]}

The Edakkal Caves have evidence of the existence of a Neolithic civilisation in Wayanad. According to H. S. Graeme, the Thalassery Sub-Collector T. H. Balan was the first to start a revenue settlement in Wayanad.^{[citation needed]} For administrative convenience, the area was divided into Munnadu, Muthoornadu, Ilangkornadu, Nallurnadu, Edanashankur, Poronnur, Kurumbala, Wayanad, Nambikkoli and Ganapathivattam (Ganapati). The importance and relevance of Ganapati has been mentioned often in the reports. History records that Sultan Bathery later became the place of Ganapati on the roadside during the battle of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan.^{[citation needed]}

Ganapati grew as the medieval cities flourished, the four-way street, the main highway, and the center of worship. In 1934, the Kidanganad Panchayat was established. From the administration of the Malabar District Board, Ganapati became the administrative centre of the Kidanganad panchayat. The Niluppuzha Panchayat was formed in 1968 by the division of Kidanganad Panchayat, Nenmeni Panchayat in 1974 and Sultanbathery Panchayat in 1968.^{[citation needed]}

New places of worship and educational institutions have emerged in different parts of the panchayat with the support of Hindu, Muslim and Christian communities. The Ganapati Temple, the Jain Temple and the Malankara Mosque are examples of the ancient history of Sultan Bathery.^{[citation needed]} There is evidence that Sultan Bathery and other parts of Wayanad had been in contact through Tamil, Karnataka and Kodagu villages since medieval times.^{[citation needed]}

Sultan Bathery is located at11°40′N76°17′E / 11.67°N 76.28°E /11.67; 76.28,^[8] on theKozhikode–Kollegal National Highway (NH 766) 97 kilometers from Kozhikode. It is 114 km fromMysore^[9] and about 100 km fromOoty (Udagamandalam). It is also connected withNilambur. It has an average elevation of 907 m (2,976 ft).^{[citation needed]}

Sultan Bathery has a humid climate. The mean average rainfall in this area is 2,322 mm.Lakkidi, Vythiri andMeppadi are the high rainfall areas inWayanad. The annual rainfall in these areas ranges from 3,000 to 4,000 mm. High-velocity winds are common during thesouthwest monsoon season and dry winds blow in March and April. High altitude regions experience severe cold. In Wayanad (Ambalavayal) the mean maximum and minimum temperature for the last five years^[when?] were 29 °C and 18 °C respectively. This place experiences high relative humidity, which can rise to 95 per cent during the southwest monsoon period. Generally the year is classified into four seasons, namely, the cold weather (December–February), hot weather (March–May), southwest monsoon (June–September), andnortheast monsoon (October–November) seasons.

In ancient times, the region was home to the native tribes of Chettiars, Paniyar, Kurumar and Urali Nayakkar. Although there are many ethnic groups among the people, their main occupation is agriculture. The panchayath has 26 temples, 15 churches and 15 mosques. Sultan Bathery has a Jain temple that is about 2,000 years old. The center, which is in the possession of the Department of Archeology, has no festivals other than temple rituals. The festival at Sultan Bathery Mariamman Kovil is one of the festivals celebrated here. It is considered to be the national festival of Bathery. Similar festivals are celebrated in the Bathery Mahaganapathi Temple, Kuppadi Devi Temple and Karivallikkunnu Temple.^[11]

• Saint Mary Orthodox Cathedral and Pilgrim Centre is the oldest church in Sultan Bathery, established in 1944. The church has the holy relics of three saints and is the headquarters ofSultan Bathery Diocese of theMalankara Orthodox Syrian Church the administrative head of the 48 orthodox parishes in the area.^[12] There is also the Nirmalagiri Aramana where the diocesan metropolitan resides in Poomala.^[13]
• Edakkal caves are located 10 km from Sultan Bathery and are noted for anthropological research. The caves are two natural rock formations believed to have been formed by a large split in a huge rock.^{[citation needed]}
• Sultan Bathery Jain Temple is one of the prominent Jain temples in Kerala, believed to have been built in the 13th century. This Mahavir stone temple at Kidanganad in Sultan Bathery is also known as Digambara Jain Temple and Kidanganad Basti. The temple architecture, inscriptions and drawings on the pillars and walls are strongly influenced by the architectural style of the Vijayanagara dynasty. An inscription on one of the pillars depicts Dharnendra Bandanam, in the form of a coiled snake.^{[citation needed]}
• Krishnagiri Stadium is a cricket stadium located in Krishnagiri village in Wayanad. It holds up to 20,000 people and at 2,100 feet above sea level is the highest-altitude stadium used exclusively for cricket.^[14]
• Thovarimala Ezhuthupara
• Wayanad Heritage Museum,Ambalavayal
• Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary houses a wide range of mammals, birds and other fauna. The mammals include elephants, tigers, panthers, jungle cats, civet cats, monkeys, wild dogs, bison, deer, and bears. More than 200 species of birds, including peacocks, babblers, cuckoos, owls, woodpeckers and jungle fowl, and 45 species of reptiles like monitor lizard and a variety of snakes and tortoises reside there.^{[citation needed]}

There are many government and private schools offering education. Compared to other districts of Kerala, institutions offering higher education are limited inWayanad.^[15] One of the oldest colleges inWayanad isSt Mary's College, Sulthan Bathery, established in 1965.^[16] This arts and science college is affiliated with theUniversity of Calicut.

Sultan Bathery has very good road connectivity withsouth Indian states. The major road is NH 766 which connects toMysore,Bangalore andKozhikode, twostate highways connected toOoty andCoimbatore and a state highway connected toMangalore,Kannur,Thalassery andKasaragod. Sultan Bathery is the biggest transport hub of Wayanad district. It is located near the border with the Karnataka state.^{[citation needed]}

There is a major Kerala Transport Depot in Sultan Bathery. Most of the long-distance buses to Kozhikode, Ooty and Bangalore start from this depot. The town also has two smaller bus stations for local travellers. The Periya ghat road connects Mananthavady to Kannur and Thalassery. The Thamarassery mountain road connects Calicut withKalpetta. The Kuttiady mountain road connects Vatakara with Kalpetta and Mananthavady. The Palchuram mountain road connects Kannur and Iritty with Mananthavady. The road from Nilambur to Ooty is also connected to Wayanad through the village of Meppadi.^[17]

The nearest railway stations are atMysore andCalicut. The nearest airports are atMysore,Calicut andKannur.^{[citation needed]}

The Sultan Bathery assembly constituency is part of theWayanad Lok Sabha constituency. Its member of parliament isPriyanka Gandhi of theIndian National Congress (INC) party,^[18] and theMLA isI. C. Balakrishnan (INC).

TheSultan Bathery Municipality has been governed by theLeft Democratic Front (LDF) since 2015.

• Chairperson: TK Ramesh (Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M))
• Vice Chairperson: Elsy Paulose (CPI(M))

Since its establishment in 1962, the Bathery panchayat (council) has mainly been held by the INC-ledUnited Democratic Front (UDF). P. C. Ahmed Haji of theIndian Union Muslim League was the first president and held office for three decades. The LDF was in power for only eight months in 2005 with the help of theDemocratic Indira Congress (Kerala) party. The president was CK Sahadevan who later became the first chairman when it was converted to amunicipality in 2015.^{[citation needed]}

Source:^{[citation needed]}

Source:^[19]

Source:^{[citation needed]}

Source:^{[citation needed]}

Sultan Bathery Municipality
History
Founded	2015 (2015)
Leadership
Chairperson	T. K. Ramesh
Secretary	K. M. Sainudheen
Structure
Political groups	LDF (24)  CPI(M) (21)  KC(M) (1)  Independent (2) UDF (11)  INC (5)  IUML (3)  Kerala Congress (1)  Independent (2)
Website
sulthanbatherymunicipality.lsgkerala.gov.in/en

^[20]

• Basil Joseph, director and Actor in the Malayalam film industry^[21]

• Jainism in Kerala
• Mysorean invasion of Malabar
• Sultan Battery (Mangalore)

• Media related toSultan Bathery at Wikimedia Commons
• Sultan Bathery travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official website of the Wayanad district

• Cities and towns in Wayanad district
• Sultan Bathery area
• Tourist attractions in Wayanad district

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