Sulaiman ar-Rasuli سليمان الرسولي | |
|---|---|
 Sulaiman ar-Rasuli | |
| Title | Inyiak Canduang |
| Personal life | |
| Born | (1871-12-10)December 10, 1871 Candung,Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 1 August 1970(1970-08-01) (aged 98) Candung,Indonesia |
| Resting place | Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah Candung |
| Main interest(s) | Fiqh,Aqidah,Tasawwuf,Tafsir,Sirah,Minangkabau Adat |
| Notable work(s) | Aqwāl al-Marḍiyah,Enam Risalah,Pedoman Hidup di Alam Minangkabau |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Shafi'i |
| Tariqa | Naqshbandi-Khalidi |
| Creed | Ash'ari |
| Movement | PERTI |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by
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Influenced | |
SheikhSulaiman ar-Rasuli (10 December 1871 – 1 August 1970), known asInyiak Canduang, was an Indonesianʿālim and founder ofUnion of Islamic Education (Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah, PERTI), akaum tua (traditionalist)Islamic organization fromWest Sumatra. He was credited for popularizing the famousMinangkabau idiom,adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah (traditions are founded upon the [Islamic] law, and the law founded upon theQur'an).
Sulaiman was born in Candung,Agam on 10 December 1871 to Muhammad Rasul, a local religion teacher, and Siti Buliah. In 1881, he was taught Qur'an by Abdurrahman Batuhampar, a well-knownNaqshbandimurshid and grandfather ofMohammad Hatta, in Batuhampar,Lima Puluh Kota. After completed his study in Batuhampar, he visited various ulama inMinangkabau Highlands. One of those was Abdullah Halaban, a scholar who Sulaiman studied various subjects under him.[1]
In 1903, Sulaiman went toMecca forhajj and Islamic education. He studied under several scholars such asAhmad Khatib al-Minankabawi, Mukhtar Atarid al-Bughuri, Umar Bajunaid al-Hadrami, Ahmad Shata al-Makki, and others.[2][3] After completed his studies, he returned to Candung and opened asurau in 1908.[4]
In 1923, he receivedNaqshbandi-Khalidiijazah from Muhammad Arsyad, son of Abdurrahman Batuhampar.[5]
Sulaiman ar-Rasuli engaged in several political activities in West Sumatra. The first one was in 1918 when he elected as the head branch ofSarekat Islam in Candung.[6] In 1921, he participated in establishingIttihad Ulama Sumatera (Union of Sumatran Clerics), akaum tua organization led by Muhammad Saad Mungka.[7]
In 1928, he transformed his surau intomadrasa in order to compete withkaum muda (modernist) schools likeSumatera Thawalib. Together with otherkaum tua clerics like Muhammad Jamil Jaho, Abbas Qadhi, and Abdul Wahid Saleh, Sulaiman ar-Rasuli foundedPersatuan Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Union of Islamic Education School) on 5 May 1928. The organization later changed its name toPersatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Union of Islamic Education, PERTI).[8]
DuringJapanese occupation of West Sumatra, he became one of the founders ofMajelis Islam Tinggi (High Islamic Council, MIT), an organization founded by bothkaum tua andkaum muda scholars. He was chosen as theKetua Umum (general chairman) of MIT.[9] In 1943, he became one of the representatives from Minangkabau in conference of ulama inSingapore.[6]
When PERTI held a congress on 22–24 December 1945 inBukittinggi, ar-Rasuli approved the plan to transformed PERTI into political party.[10] He also establishedLasykar Muslimin Indonesia, a paramilitary wing of PERTI during thenational revolution in 1945–1949.[11]
In the1955 Indonesian Constitutional Assembly election, he was elected as the member ofKonstituante (Constitutional Assembly).[12] WhenKonstituante held the first session on 10 November 1956, he became the head of the session.[13]
Owing to his experience as aqadi in Candung,[6] he was appointed as the Head ofMahkamah Syariah (Sharia Court) inCentral Sumatra on 17 January 1947. He held the position until 1958.[14]
Sulaiman ar-Rasuli died on 1 August 1970 in Candung, Indonesia. He was buried in his madrasa, Madrasah Tarbiyah Islamiyah (MTI) Candung.Harun Zain,Governor of West Sumatra, instructed flags in West Sumatra to be flown athalf-mast.[15]
Sulaiman ar-Rasuli was widely known as one of great scholars amongkaum tua in West Sumatra.[16] Some of his well known writings are his commentaries aboutuṣallī recitation beforesalah,[17]Quran translations,[18] andAhmadiyya.[19] Two of his books aboutAsh'ari creed,Jawāhir al-Kalāmiyyah andAqwāl al-Marḍiyah, are still regularly taught in MTI Candung.[20]
As a Naqshbandi, he became an ardent defender of theSufi order. He argued that Naqshbandidhikr practices andrābiṭah do not violate thesharia.[21][22] On the other hand, he criticized other Sufi masters who he considered had violated theSunni creed and jurisprudence, such as in his conflict with Haji Jalaluddin ofPPTI.[23][24]
ar-Rasuli played major role in introducing the relation between Islam andadat. He popularized the idiomadat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah (traditions are founded upon the [Islamic] law, and the law founded upon the Qur'an).[25] Six of his writings are related to this theme.[15]
Sulaiman ar-Rasuli married 17 times and had 19 children. Three of his children were also Islamic scholars: Baharuddin, Syahruddin, and Muhammad Noer.[26]
He wrote several books and articles regardingfiqh,ʿaqīdah,taṣawwuf,tafsīr,sīrah, and Minangkabauadat.[27][15]
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