| Sula | |
|---|---|
| Sanana | |
| Li Sua | |
| Native to | Indonesia,Maluku |
| Region | Sula Islands |
| Ethnicity | Sula |
Native speakers | (20,000 cited 1983)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | szn |
| Glottolog | sula1245 |
Sula (Sanana) is aMalayo-Polynesian language of theCentral Maluku branch. It is related to theBuru language. Sula is spoken mainly on theSulabesi, with theSanana as its center.
It is definitely endangered, currently under pressure from the local variety of Malay, known asSula Malay.[2]
Sula has borrowed many lexical items fromAmbonese Malay, as well asTernate, a more dominant language ofNorth Maluku.[2]: 141, 342–535 Dutch loans have entered the language too, perhaps through Malay and Ternate. Standard Indonesian has also been influential.[2]: 141
Mangole is sometimes listed as a distinct language.[2]: 50
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Fricative | f | s | (ʃ) | h | ||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
Voiced consonant sounds/bdɡ/ may also be heard as devoiced[b̥d̥ɡ̊] in word-final position.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
/e/ can also be heard as[ɛ] in lax form.[2]
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