Sukabumi Regency Kabupaten Sukabumi | |
|---|---|
| Regional transcription(s) | |
| • Sundanese | ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮊᮘᮥᮙᮤ |
    Clockwise, from top left : Karanghawu Beach, Streetscape of Pelabuhan Ratu, Cikaso waterfall, Pelabuhan Ratu Bay | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): Gemah Ripah Loh Jinawi ᮌᮨᮙᮂ ᮛᮤᮕᮂ ᮜᮧᮂ ᮏᮤᮔᮝᮤ Prosperous, Serene, Abundantly Fertile | |
 Location withinWest Java | |
| Coordinates:6°59′19″S106°33′03″E / 6.9886°S 106.5508°E /-6.9886; 106.5508 | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Province | West Java |
| Consolidated | 1 June 1921 |
| Anniversary Day | 1 October 1945 |
| Regency seat | Palabuhanratu |
| Administrative divisions | 47 Districts 386 Villages |
| Government | |
| • Regent | Marwan Hamami |
| • Vice Regent | Iyos Somantri |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,164.15 km2 (1,607.79 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 3,019 m (9,905 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate) | |
• Total | 2,802,404 |
| • Density | 670/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
| [1] | |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 431xx, 433xx |
| Area code | +62 266 |
| Vehicle registration | F |
| HDI |  0.644 (Medium) |
| Website | sukabumikab.go.id |
Sukabumi Regency (Indonesian:Kabupaten Sukabumi;Sundanese:ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮊᮘᮥᮙᮤ) is aregency(kabupaten) in southwestern Java, as part ofWest Java province ofIndonesia. The regency seat is located inPalabuhan Ratu, a coastal district facing theIndian Ocean. The regency fully encircles the administratively separated city ofSukabumi. Covering an area of 4,164.15 km2, the regency is the largest regency in West Java and the second largest regency onJava after theBanyuwangi Regency inEast Java. The regency had a population of 2,341,409 at the 2010 census[2] and 2,725,450 at the 2020 census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 2,802,404 (comprising 1,421,474 males and 1,380,930 females),[1] with a large proportion of it living in the northeastern part of the regency that encircles Sukabumi City, south ofMount Gede. A plan to create a new regency, the putativeNorth Sukabumi Regency, was considered by the Indonesian government in 2013, but has been deferred until the end of the current morotorium on new creations of regencies.[4]
Sukabumi is strategically located south ofJabodetabek (the Jakarta Metropolitan Area) and west of theBandung Metro, two largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. Geologically, the regency is at the western end of theCimandiri Fault, which splits the northern plateau from the southern hilly areas.[5][6][7] Its southern region is less populated and contains a high level of biodiversity and significant geological heritage, acknowledged in 2015 byUNESCO with the declaration ofCiletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark located in the southwestern coast of the regency.[8][9][10][11]
The area around Sukabumi was already inhabited at least in the 11th century. The first written record found in this area was theSanghyang Tapak inscription in Cibadak District, 20 km west ofSukabumi. Written inKawi script, the stone tells about the prohibition of fishing activity in the nearby river by the authorities of theSunda Kingdom.[12] Another written record found is the undecipheredPasir Datar Inscription in the Cicantayan District.
After the fall of Sunda Kingdom in 1579, most of present-day Sukabumi Regency was under the control ofSumedang Larang, while the area west ofMount Gede was controlled by theBanten Sultanate. In 1620, KingAria Suriadiwangsa of Sumedang Larang declared his kingdom as part ofMataram Sultanate.[13][14][15] During this era,Dipati Ukur, the local ruler of present-day Bandung revolted against Mataram after the failedSiege of Batavia. The revolt triggered migration of people from Sumedang Larang to move and settle the area around Palabuhanratu and Jampang to protect themselves from the approaching Mataram troops.[16][17]
AfterSultan Agung died in 1645, thePriangan region slowly broke away from Mataram influence.[18] In 1674,Trunajaya rebellion started in Madura and greatly weakened Mataram.[19] Sukabumi, which was still a part of Cianjur, declared itself independent from Mataram under the leadership ofWiratanu I in 1677, whenTrunajaya forcessacked the Plered Palace in Mataram's capital.[20][21][22] The Sultanate itself was officially ceded Priangan region west ofCitarum to theVOC on October 20, 1677, by an unequal treaty betweenAmangkurat II andMaetsuycker, as a compensation for Dutch assistance to quell theTrunajaya rebellion.[23][24][25][26] By that time, there were only few rural Sundanese settlements existed, one of the largest was Cikole.[27] Under the leadership of SultanAgeng Tirtayasa, Banten tried to reclaim Priangan between 1677 and 1683 via an invasion of Cianjur, however his effort was ultimately failed when Banten descended into civil war between Ageng and his crown princeAbdul Kahhar.[14][20][28][29]
The inland and coastal areas of Sukabumi were first explored by Europeans at the end of the 17th century, when VOC planned to open plantations throughout Priangan.[30][31] The first Dutch expedition was led in 1687 byPieter Scipio van Oostende into the remnant ofPakuan and ended on Wijnkoopsbaai (present-day Palabuhanratu).[32][33] The next expeditions were led byAdolf Winkler in 1690,[34] and governor-generalAbraham van Riebeeck in 1703, 1704, and 1709. In the 1709 expedition Van Riebeeck passed throughMount Gede and visited southern Sukabumi to check on the progress of coffee cultivation in that area.[35][36] One of the first coffee plantation opened by Van Riebeeck was located in present-day Gunungguruh District.[37] The first coffee harvest was officially sent on April 14, 1711, by Tjiandjoer regentWiratanu III.[38] In 1723, The coffee plantation areas in Sukabumi were grown, along with the enlargement of Tjiandjoer Regency during the administration ofHendrick Zwaardecroon.[39][40][41]
The regency was originally carved out from the colonial era-Tjianjoer (i.e. Cianjur) Regency. It was then part of thePriangan Residency (Residentie Preanger Regentschappen). In 1776, the regent of TjianjoerWiratanu Datar VI created akepatihan (viceregency) namedTjikole Viceregency which consisted of the districts of Goenoengparang, Tjimahi, Tjiheoelang, Tjitjoeroeg, Djampangtengah and Djampangkoelon, with its administrative center in Tjikole (now part ofSukabumi).
On January 13, 1815, under theBritish rule, the Tjikole Viceregency was renamed asSoekaboemi Viceregency. The name Soekaboemi was proposed by a Dutch surgeon and plantation owner named Dr. Andries de Wilde, who owned a plantation and resided in the viceregency. The origin of the name came from the combination of twoSanskrit words,Soeka (happiness, likely) andBoemi (earth, land). Thus Soekaboemi could be translated as "Likable Land".
In 1921, by the decree ofGovernor GeneralDirk Fock, Tjiandjoer Regency was divided into two regencies, Tjiandjoer and Soekaboemi regencies, effective from June 1, 1921.[42] The first regent of Soekaboemi was R. A. A. Soerianatabrata, who also held position as Sukabumi's last viceregent. He held this position until 1930.[43] From 1926 to 1931, Soekaboemi served as the capital of the short-livedWest Priangan Residency.[44][45]
The regency borders theCianjur Regency in the east,Bogor Regency in the north,Lebak Regency (ofBanten Province) in the west, and theIndian Ocean in the south.
Along the southern coast of the regency there are several beaches such as Pasir Putih Beach (Cipanarikan estuary), Pangumbahan Beach (also known as Turtle Beach), Cibuaya Beach and Ujunggenteng Beach. Batununggul Beach is suitable for surfing with average wave height approximately 3 meters in dry season, but only 1 meter in rainy season.[46]
The 120-meters Caweni Waterfall is located only 200 metres from Cidolog road, about 70 kilometres south ofSukabumi and about 25 kilometres from Sagaranten District.[47]
The Cikaso Waterfall (Ciniti Waterfall) is located in Jampang Kulon district, 1.5 hours drive (70 kilometres) from Sukabumi City. The waterfall height is 80 metres; it consists of 3 waterfalls, from left to right Asepan Waterfall, Meong Waterfall and Aki Waterfall.[48]
Sukabumi, with Cianjur, is a part of the westernParahyangan cultural region, a fertile mountainous region of West Java which is home to theSundanese people.
The local people hold the Ocean Fiesta every year on 5 April in Pelabuhan Ratu Beach. There is also Ngabungbang tradition in Cisukawayana river estuary on every full moon of each month in early morning. Ngabungbang or Mass ritual bath is a pre-Islamic tradition since 175-205 BC when King Hyang Brahma ruled Medang Gali (Galuh) Kingdom and continued by Prabu Siliwangi from Sunda Kingdom until now.[49]
Sukabumi's current regent,Marwan Hamami, is on his second term, having been elected in 2015 and 2020.[50] The municipal legislature seats 50 members, withGolkar having the largest number of seats as of the2024 election.[51]
As at 2021, Sukabumi Regency is divided into forty-sevendistricts (kecamatan), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census[2] and the 2020 census,[3] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[1] These exclude the further seven districts which are within the city ofSukabumi (and thus administratively outside the regency). The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number ofvillages in each district (totaling 381 ruraldesa and 5 urbankelurahan), and its postal code.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km2 | Pop'n 2010 census | Pop'n 2020 census | Pop'n mid 2023 estimate | Admin centre(a) | No. of villages | Post code |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32.02.22 | Ciemas(b)[52] | 304.48 | 48,081 | 55,837 | 57,073 | Tamanjaya | 9 | 43177 |
| 32.02.26 | Ciracap[53] | 148.53 | 47,495 | 56,073 | 57,749 | Ciracap | 8 | 43176 |
| 32.02.20 | Waluran[54] | 98.82 | 25,951 | 30,788 | 32,034 | Waluran | 6 | 43175 |
| 32.02.24 | Surade[55] | 119.34 | 72,083 | 82,173 | 85,804 | Surade | 12(c) | 43179 |
| 32.02.25 | Cibitung[56] | 88.84 | 25,066 | 29,766 | 30,843 | Cibitung | 6 | 43172 |
| 32.02.21 | Jampang Kulon[57] | 62.59 | 41,396 | 47,498 | 49,263 | Jampang Kulon | 11(c) | 43170 |
| 32.02.46 | Cimanggu[58] | 62.58 | 22,104 | 26,214 | 27,233 | Cimanggu | 6 | 43178 |
| 32.02.23 | Kalibunder[59] | 86.08 | 27,175 | 31,758 | 32,072 | Kalibunder | 7 | 43185 |
| 32.02.45 | Tegalbuleud[60] | 255.54 | 33,443 | 36,550 | 37,277 | Tegalbuleud | 8 | 43186 |
| 32.02.43 | Cidolog[61] | 95.73 | 17,518 | 17,607 | 17,124 | Mekarjaya | 5 | 43184 |
| 32.02.41 | Sagaranten[62] | 113.02 | 47,309 | 53,198 | 53,257 | Sagaranten | 12 | 43181 |
| 32.02.44 | Cidadap[63] | 85.81 | 18,663 | 19,877 | 19,251 | Padasenang | 6 | 43183 |
| 32.02.42 | Curugkembar[64] | 55.87 | 28,463 | 31,322 | 31,156 | Curugkembar | 7 | 43182 |
| 32.02.37 | Pabuaran[65] | 115.70 | 39,590 | 44,621 | 44,953 | Pabuaran | 7 | 43173 |
| 32.02.07 | Lengkong[66] | 146.51 | 29,222 | 33,436 | 34,006 | Lengkong | 5 | 43174 |
| 32.02.01 | Palabuhanratu[67] | 91.77 | 96,675 | 115,813 | 120,488 | Palabuhanratu | 10(c) | 43364 |
| 32.02.02 | Simpenan[68] | 167.93 | 48,281 | 57,978 | 59,058 | Cidadap | 7 | 43361 |
| 32.02.09 | Warungkiara[69] | 94.97 | 55,045 | 65,266 | 66,431 | Warungkiara | 12 | 43362 |
| 32.02.04 | Bantargadung[70] | 76.01 | 35,234 | 41,319 | 41,183 | Bojonggaling | 7 | 43363 |
| 32.02.08 | Jampang Tengah[71] | 198.49 | 63,012 | 71,007 | 72,403 | Jampang Tengah | 11 | 43171 |
| 32.02.38 | Purabaya[72] | 116.02 | 39,486 | 44,816 | 45,880 | Purabaya | 7 | 43187 |
| 32.02.10 | Cikembar *[73] | 89.84 | 79,303 | 94,692 | 95,868 | Cikembar | 10 | 43157 |
| 32.02.39 | Nyalindung[74] | 104.38 | 46,167 | 52,357 | 53,413 | Nyalindung | 10 | 43196 |
| 32.02.40 | Gegerbitung *[75] | 67.65 | 36,511 | 42,383 | 43,861 | Gegerbitung | 7 | 43197(d) |
| 32.02.33 | Sukaraja *[76] | 42.00 | 77,015 | 94,057 | 94,967 | Sukaraja | 9 | 43192 |
| 32.02.34 | Kebonpedes[77] | 10.83 | 27,097 | 33,505 | 34,501 | Kebonpedes | 5 | 43194 |
| 32.02.35 | Cireunghas *[78] | 30.72 | 31,359 | 36,160 | 37,221 | Cireunghas | 5 | 43193 |
| 32.02.36 | Sukalarang *[79] | 30.90 | 41,777 | 50,559 | 51,173 | Cimangkok | 6 | 43191 |
| 32.02.32 | Sukabumi (district) *[80] | 29.91 | 46,251 | 51,505 | 52,105 | Warnasari | 6 | 43151 |
| 32.02.30 | Kadudampit[81] | 69.99 | 50,319 | 58,687 | 61,046 | Kadudampit | 9 | 43153 |
| 32.02.29 | Cisaat *[82] | 21.49 | 113,929 | 129,643 | 132,035 | Cisaat | 13 | 43152(e) |
| 32.02.27 | Gunungguruh *[83] | 26.31 | 48,099 | 56,764 | 58,070 | Gunungguruh | 7 | 43156 |
| 32.02.11 | Cibadak *[84] | 30.90 | 107,623 | 122,288 | 124,855 | Cibadak | 10(c) | 43351 |
| 32.02.28 | Cicantayan *[85] | 34.90 | 52,716 | 60,990 | 62,636 | Cicantayan | 8 | 43155 |
| 32.02.31 | Caringin *[86] | 36.54 | 43,258 | 51,235 | 52,480 | Caringin Wetan | 9 | 43154 |
| 32.02.12 | Nagrak *[87] | 71.19 | 77,782 | 90,297 | 93,575 | Nagrak Selatan | 10 | 43352 |
| 32.02.47 | Ciambar *[88] | 53.46 | 36,771 | 43,253 | 45,053 | Ciambar | 6 | 43356 |
| 32.02.16 | Cicurug *[89] | 52.16 | 123,088 | 137,019 | 140,806 | Cicurug | 13(c) | 43359 |
| 32.02.17 | Cidahu *[90] | 35.30 | 60,567 | 74,010 | 75,311 | Jayabakti | 8 | 43358 |
| 32.02.15 | Parakansalak *[91] | 36.88 | 39,409 | 45,911 | 47,128 | Parakansalak | 6 | 43355 |
| 32.02.13 | Parungkuda *[92] | 24.01 | 69,224 | 78,035 | 82,009 | Sundawenang | 8 | 43357 |
| 32.02.14 | Bojonggenteng *[93] | 20.37 | 34,900 | 40,533 | 41,656 | Bojonggenteng | 5 | 43353 |
| 32.02.18 | Kalapanunggal *[94] | 49.37 | 44,587 | 52,731 | 55,163 | Kalapanunggal | 7 | 43354 |
| 32.02.06 | Cikidang *[95] | 155.01 | 55,863 | 68,841 | 70,888 | Cikidang | 12 | 43367 |
| 32.02.05 | Cisolok[96] | 173.47 | 62,076 | 76,235 | 76,504 | Cisolok | 13 | 43366 |
| 32.02.03 | Cikakak[97] | 113.14 | 37,400 | 45,316 | 46,333 | Sukamaju | 9 | 43365 |
| 32.02.19 | Kabandungan *[98] | 136.67 | 37,036 | 45,527 | 46,643 | Kabandungan | 6 | 43368 |
| Totals | 4,164.15 | 2,341,409 | 2,725,450 | 2,802,404 | Palabuhanratu | 386 |
Notes: (a) Of the 47 district capitals, 5 are classed as urbankelurahan (Surade, Palabuhanratu, Cibadak, Cicurug and Jampang Kulon) while the other 42 are rated as ruraldesa. These 5 are the onlykelurahan in the regency.
(b) Ciemas District includes five small offshore islands -Pulau Gotor,Pulau Karanghantu,Pulau Kunti,Pulau Mandra andPulau Manuk.
(c) including onekelurahan (the district administrative centre). (d) except the village of Caringin, with a post code of 43154.
(e) except the village of Nagrak, with a post code of 43132, and the village of Sukasari, with a post code of 43134.
The creation of a newNorth Sukabumi Regency (Kabupaten Sukabumi Utara), a proposal under consideration by the Indonesian Parliament since 2013 but currently deferred, would comprise 21 of the above 47 districts from the existing Sukabumi Regency. These 21 districts are indicated by asterisks (*) in the above table.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
