Sugar Land, Texas | |
|---|---|
 Sugar Land Town Square,First Colony in 2010 | |
 Seal | |
 Location inFort Bend County, Texas | |
  Sugar Land Location in Texas Show map of Texas Sugar Land Location in the United States Show map of the United States | |
| Coordinates:29°35′58″N95°36′51″W / 29.59944°N 95.61417°W /29.59944; -95.61417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Fort Bend |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council-Manager |
| • City Council |
|
| • City Manager | Mike Goodrum |
| Area | |
• Total | 42.90 sq mi (111.12 km2) |
| • Land | 40.47 sq mi (104.81 km2) |
| • Water | 2.44 sq mi (6.31 km2) |
| Elevation | 100 ft (30 m) |
| Population | |
• Total | 111,026 |
| • Density | 2,928.0/sq mi (1,130.49/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| ZIP Codes | 77478–79, 77487, 77496, and 77498 |
| Area codes | 281, 346, 621, 713, 832 |
| Sales Tax | 8.25%[3] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1348034[4] |
| Website | www |
Sugar Land (sometimes incorrectly spelled asSugarland[5]) is the largest city inFort Bend County, Texas, United States, located in the southwestern part of theHouston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area. Located about 19 miles (31 km) southwest ofdowntown Houston, Sugar Land is a populous suburban municipality centered around the junction ofTexas State Highway 6 andInterstate 69/U.S. Route 59.
Beginning in the 19th century, the present-day Sugar Land area was home to a largesugarplantation situated in the fertilefloodplain of theBrazos River. Following the consolidation of local plantations intoImperial Sugar Company in 1908, Sugar Land grew steadily as acompany town andincorporated as a city in 1959. Since then, Sugar Land has grown rapidly alongside otheredge cities around Houston, with large-scale development ofmaster-planned communities contributing to population swells since the 1980s.
Sugar Land is one of the fastest-growing cities in Texas.[6] The2020 United States Census reported that the city's population had grown more than 40% in the preceding 10 years following theannexation of theGreatwood andNew Territory communities in December 2017.[7] Over the same 10-year period, the number of employed persons living in Sugar Land increased by 61%.[8]
Sugar Land is home to the headquarters of Imperial Sugar; the company's mainsugar refinery and distribution center were once located in the city. The Imperial Sugar crown logo is featured in the city seal and logo.
Sugar Land has roots in the original Mexicanland grant made to Anglo-AmericanStephen F. Austin. One of the first settlers of the land, Samuel M. Williams, called this area "Oakland Plantation". Williams' brother, Nathaniel, purchased the land from Austin in 1838.[9] They developed theplantation by growingcotton,corn, andsugarcane. Theneighborhood of First Colony, located in the town, references Stephen F. Austin's land grant, for it was one of the first times an Anglo settlement was legally and officially established in the area.
During these early years, the plantation was the center of social life along the Brazos River. In 1853, Benjamin Terry and William J. Kyle purchased the Oakland Plantation from the Williams family. Terry is known for organizing a division ofTexas Rangers during theCivil War and for naming the town.
Upon the deaths of Terry and Kyle, Colonel E. H. Cunningham bought the 12,500-acre (5,100 ha) plantation soon after the Civil War. He had a sugar-refining plant built here, and developed the town around it in 1879, platting the land and attracting settlers during the post-Reconstruction era.
In 1906, the Kempner family ofGalveston, under the leadership ofIsaac H. Kempner, and in partnership with Logan J. Copenhaver, purchased the 5,300-acre (2,100 ha) Ellis Plantation, one of the few plantations in Fort Bend County to survive the Civil War. The Ellis Plantation had originally been part of the Jesse Cartwright league; Will Ellis had operated it after the Civil War by a system oftenant farming, made up mostly of African-American families who were previously enslaved on the land.
In 1908, the partnership acquired the adjoining 12,500-acre (5,100 ha) Cunningham Plantation, with its raw-sugar mill and cane-sugar refinery. The partnership changed the name to Imperial Sugar Company; Kempner associated the name "Imperial", which was also the name of a small raw-sugar mill on the Ellis Plantation, with the Imperial Hotel in New York City.
Around the turn of the 20th century, most of the sugarcane crops were destroyed by a harsh winter. As part of the Kempner-Copenhaver agreement, Copenhaver moved to the site to serve as general manager and build thecompany-owned town of Sugar Land.
The trains running through Sugar Land are on the route of the oldest railroad in Texas. They run adjacent to the sugar refinery, west of the town, and through the center of what used to be known as theImperial State Prison Farm. It operated withconvict lease labor. Between the end of the Civil War and 1912, more than 3,500 prisoners died in Texas as a result of the racist convict leasing program. Archaeologists have uncovered unmarked graves of African Americans from this period in the region around Sugar Land's prison and sugar factory.[10][11] Since the early 21st century, this area has been largely redeveloped as the suburban planned community ofTelfair.
As a company town from the 1910s until 1959, Sugar Land was virtually self-contained. Imperial Sugar Company provided housing for the workers, encouraged construction of schools, built a hospital to treat workers, and provided businesses to meet the workers' needs. Many of the original houses built by the Imperial Sugar Company remain today in The Hill and Mayfield Park areas of Sugar Land, and have been passed down through generations of family members.
During the 1950s, Imperial Sugar wanted to expand the town by building more houses. It developed a new subdivision, Venetian Estates, which featured waterfront homesites onOyster Creek and on man-made lakes.
As the company town expanded, so did the interest of establishing amunicipal government. Voters chose to make Sugar Land ageneral-law city in 1959, with T. E. Harman becoming the firstmayor.
In the early 1960s,[12] a newsubdivision development called Covington Woods was constructed. Later that year, the Imperial Cattle Ranch sold about 1,200 acres (490 ha) to a developer to create what became Sugar Creek in 1968. As a master-planned community, Sugar Creek introduced the concept ofcountry club living to Sugar Land. Custom houses were built to surround twogolf courses, and country clubs, swimming pools, and a private home security service were part of the amenities developed.
The success of Sugar Creek, buoyed by the construction ofU.S. Highway 59, quickly made Sugar Land's vast farmlands attractive to real-estate developers for residential housing. In 1977, development began onFirst Colony, a master-planned community encompassing 10,000 acres (4,000 ha). Developed by aGerald Hines-led consortium that became known as Sugarland Properties Inc., development on First Colony would continue over the next 30 years. The master-planned community offered homebuyers formal landscaping, neighborhoods segmented by price range, extensivegreen belts, a golf course and country club, lakes and boulevards, neighborhood amenities, and shopping.
Around the same time as First Colony, another master-planned community development called Sugar Mill was started in the northern portion of Sugar Land,[13] offering traditional, lakefront, and estate lots. The master-planned communities of Greatwood and New Territory, at the time situated west of the city in what was then its extraterritorial jurisdiction, also began to be developed by the end of the 1980s.
In addition to the development of master-planned communities targeted at commuters from Houston, Sugar Land began attracting the attention of major corporations throughout the 1980s. Many chose to base their operations in the city.Fluor Daniel,Schlumberger,Unocal, and others began to locate offices and facilities in the city. This resulted in a favorable 40/60 ratio of residential to commercial tax base within the city.[citation needed]
In 1981, a special city election was held for the purpose of establishing ahome-rulemunicipal government. Voters approved the adoption of a home-rule charter, which established amayor-council form of government, with all powers of the city vested in a council composed of a mayor and five councilmen, elected fromsingle-member districts.
A special city election was held August 9, 1986, to submit the proposed changes to the electorate for consideration. By a majority of the voters, amendments to the charter were approved that provided for a change in the city's form of government from that of "mayor-council" (strong mayor) to that of a "council-manager" form of government, which provides for a professionalcity manager to be the chief administrative officer of the city. Approval of thisamendment authorized the mayor to be a voting member of council, in addition to performing duties as presiding officer of the council.
Sugar Land annexed Sugar Creek in 1986, after the latter community was nearly built-out. That same year, the city organized the largest celebration in its history, the Texas Sesquicentennial Celebration, celebrating 150 years of Texan independence from Mexican rule (DGA).
An amendment on May 5, 1990, changed the composition of the city council, adding a mayor and two council members, each to be electedat-large, to the five-member council. The at-large positions require election by a majority of voters, which reduces representation of any minority interests.
Throughout much of the 1990s, Sugar Land grew rapidly. The majority of residents arewhite-collar and college-educated, working inHouston's energy industry. An abundance of commercial development, with numerous low-rise office buildings, banks, and high-class restaurants, has taken place along bothInterstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 andState Highway 6.
Sugar Land added to its tax base with the opening ofFirst Colony Mall in 1996. The more than one-million-square-foot (100,000 m2)mall, the first in Fort Bend County, is located at the busiest intersection of the city: Interstate 69/U.S. 59 and State Highway 6. The mall was named after the 10,000-acre (4,000 ha) master-planned community of First Colony.
In November 1997, Sugar Land annexed the remaining municipal utility districts of the 10,000-acre (4,000 ha) First Colony master-planned community, bringing the city's population to almost 60,000. This was Sugar Land's largest annexation at the time.
Sugar Land boasted the highest growth among Texas' largest cities, per theU.S. census 2000, when it had a population of 63,328. In 2003, Sugar Land became a "principal" city, recognized in the metropolitan area's official title change to Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, with Sugar Land replacingGalveston as the second-most important city in the metropolitan area after Houston. The metro area is now officially referred to as the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land metropolitan area.
With its population increase, the city needed to attracthigher education facilities. In 2002, the University of Houston System at Fort Bend moved to a new 250-acre (100 ha) campus located off the University Boulevard and Interstate 69/U.S. 59 intersection. The city helped fund the Albert and Mamie George Building, and as a result, the multi-institution teaching center was renamed as theUniversity of Houston Sugar Land.
In 2003, the Imperial Sugar Company refinery plant and distribution center were closed, but the effect on the local economy was minimal. Sugar Land has become an affluent Houston suburb rather than theblue-collar,agriculture-dependent town it was a generation ago. Many of its lower-income residents, including African American workers who at one time made up the majority working sugarcane, have been displaced and have had to seek work and housing elsewhere. The company maintains its headquarters in Sugar Land.
The Texas Department of Transportation sold 2,018 acres (817 ha) of prison land in the western portion of Sugar Land to Newland Communities, a developer, by bid in 2003. The developer announced plans to build a new master-planned community calledTelfair in this location. In July 2004, Sugar Land annexed all of this land into the city limits to control the quality of development, extending the city limits westward. This was unusual, since Sugar Land had earlier annexed only built-out areas, not lands prior to development.[citation needed]
In December 2005, Sugar Land annexed the recently built-out, master-planned community of Avalon and four sections of Brazos Landing subdivision, adding about 3,200 residents. The city eventually annexed the communities of River Park,Greatwood, andNew Territory, with the latter two being annexed on December 12, 2017, bringing the city proper's population to 117,869.
In the 2010s, development began on the Imperial master-planned community, located in undeveloped territory east of Sugar Land Regional Airport and incorporating the former refinery property of Imperial Sugar Company. This development includesConstellation Field, home of theSugar Land Space Cowboys, originally an independent baseball team but later a member of affiliatedMinor League Baseball. Retail needs are to be served in the planned Imperial Market development. In 2017, the 6,400-seatSmart Financial Centre concert hall opened.
In the 2020s, Sugar Land has proposed numerouspublic transit options, but those are yet to come true as the proposals are still in the works.
Sugar Land is located in northeast Fort Bend County, 20 miles (32 km) southwest of downtown Houston. It is bordered by Houston to the northeast, and byStafford,Missouri City, andMeadows Place to the east. According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city of Sugar Land has a total area of 42.9 square miles (111.1 km2), of which 40.5 square miles (104.8 km2) are land and 2.4 square miles (6.3 km2), or 5.7%, are covered by water.[1] The elevation of most of the city is between 70 and 90 feet (21 and 27 m) above sea level. The elevation ofSugar Land Regional Airport (SGR) is 82 feet (25 m).
Sugar Land has two major waterways running through the city. The southwestern and southern portion of the city were developed along the Brazos River, which runs intoBrazoria County.Oyster Creek runs from the northwest to the eastern portion of the city limits and into Missouri City. Sugar Land developers have built many artificial lakes connecting to Oyster Creek or the Brazos River, as part of new master-planned communities.
Sugar Land and other surrounding areas aresubsiding and the rate of subsidence is increasing.[14][15] The area sunk about 1 foot between 1943 and 1964, while it sunk over 6 feet between 1988 and 2016[16] Currently, it is estimated that Sugar Land is subsiding at a rate of between 10 and 25 millimeters per year.[16] The subsidence is exacerbated byClimate Change, increased suburban development, and inadequate replenishment.[16] The subsidence has significant human cost. For example, the historic flooding caused byHurricane Harvey was worse than it would have otherwise been due to the effect,[16] and houses and buildings in the city are sinking and having their foundations damaged.[17] To manage the rapidly increasing subsidence, the Texas State Legislature created the Fort Bend Subsidence District in 1989.[18] TheUS Geologic Survey and theUS Army Corps of Engineers have performed studies and monitoring of the subsidence.[19]
Sugar Land sits atop threeaquifers: Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper. The Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers have been the primary source of municipal water for Sugar Land, Houston, Galveston and other surrounding areas. The Jasper Aquifer is the only one of the three that is not used to extract drinking water.[20] Due to the rapid building of suburbs in the city and surrounding region, aquifer replenishment has significantly decreased.[20] The city government has enacted a program to manage the aquifers.[21]
Underpinning the area's land surface are unconsolidatedclays, clayshales, and poorly cementedsands, extending to depths of several miles. The region'sgeology developed from stream deposits from the erosion of theRocky Mountains. Thesesediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic matter that, over time, were transformed intooil andnatural gas. Beneath these tiers is a water-deposited layer ofhalite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into dome shapes, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands.
The region isearthquake-free. While the neighboring city of Houston contains 86 mapped and historically active surfacefaults with an aggregate length of 149 miles (240 km), the clay below the surface in Sugar Land precludes the buildup of friction that produces ground shaking in earthquakes. These faults move only very gradually in what is termed "fault creep".
Sugar Land's climate is classified as beinghumid subtropical, featuring two seasons, awet season from April to October, and adry season from November to March. The city is located in the Gulf coastal plainsbiome, and the vegetation is classified as a temperategrassland. The average yearly precipitation is 48 inches. Prevailing winds are from the south and southeast during most of the year, bringing heat and moisture from theGulf of Mexico.
In the summer, daily high temperatures are in the 95 °F (35 °C) range throughout much of July and August. The air tends to feel still and the abundant humidity, with dewpoints typically in the low to mid 70°Fs, creates a heat index around 100 °F each day. Summer thunderstorms are common with 30 to 50% of the days having thunder. The highest temperature recorded in the area was 109 °F in August 2023.
Winters in the area are cool and mild. The average winter high/low is 62/45 °F (16/7 °C). The coldest period is usually in January, when north winds bring winter rains. Snow is almost unheard of and typically does not accumulate. One such raresnowstorm hit Houston onChristmas Eve 2004. A few inches accumulated, but had melted by the next afternoon. The earliest snowfall to occur in any winter fell on December 4, 2009.
| Climate data for Sugar Land, Texas | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 61.9 (16.6) | 65.7 (18.7) | 72.5 (22.5) | 79.2 (26.2) | 85.6 (29.8) | 90.7 (32.6) | 93.7 (34.3) | 93.6 (34.2) | 89.1 (31.7) | 81.7 (27.6) | 72.0 (22.2) | 64.2 (17.9) | 79.2 (26.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 41.5 (5.3) | 44.4 (6.9) | 51.4 (10.8) | 58.3 (14.6) | 66.4 (19.1) | 72.1 (22.3) | 74.5 (23.6) | 73.9 (23.3) | 69.4 (20.8) | 59.9 (15.5) | 50.9 (10.5) | 43.2 (6.2) | 58.8 (14.9) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 4.06 (103) | 2.98 (76) | 3.24 (82) | 3.48 (88) | 4.69 (119) | 5.51 (140) | 3.30 (84) | 4.29 (109) | 5.82 (148) | 4.03 (102) | 4.58 (116) | 3.36 (85) | 49.34 (1,253) |
| Source:[22] | |||||||||||||
Sugar Land has the most master-planned communities in Fort Bend County, which is home to the largest number of master-planned communities in the nation—includingFirst Colony,Greatwood,New Territory,Telfair, Sugar Creek, River Park, Imperial,Riverstone and many others. Many of the communities featuregolf courses,country clubs, and lakes. The first master-planned community to be developed in Sugar Land was Sugar Creek. There are now a total of thirteen master-planned communities located in Sugar Land'scity limits and itsextraterritorial jurisdiction combined.
The northern portion of Sugar Land, sometimes referred to by residents and government officials as "Old Sugar Land", comprises all the communities north ofU.S. Highway 90A, but it also includes the subdivisions/areas of Venetian Estates, and Belknap/Brookside, which is just south of U.S. 90A. Most of this area was the original city limits of Sugar Land when it was incorporated in 1959. Located in this part of town is the former Imperial Sugar Company refinery and distribution center that was shut down in 2003, even though the company's headquarters are still located within the city. To the east of northern Sugar Land is the Sugar Land Business Park, the largest business and industrial area in the city. Many of the city's electronic and energy companies are located here, including the future North American headquarters ofSchlumberger. The Imperial master-planned community, including Constellation Field and the future Imperial Market development, is also located in north Sugar Land.
The largest economic and entertainment activities are in the areas of south and southeastern Sugar Land. Most of the population in the city limits are concentrated here. This area is all master-planned communities and it includes nearly all ofFirst Colony, the largest in Sugar Land encompassing 10,000 acres (40 km2). Other master-planned communities in this area are Sugar Creek, Sugar Lakes, Commonwealth, Avalon,Telfair, andRiverstone. This area is the location of First Colony Mall, Sugar Land Town Square, the new Sugar Land City Hall, and other major commercial areas. This area boasts a wide range of recreational activities including three golf courses and country clubs, includingSweetwater Country Club (the former home of theLPGA), as well as the Sugar Land Ice & Sports Center (formerly Sugar Land Aerodrome).
The southwestern area of Sugar Land was recently annexed into the city limits, and is sometimes referred to as the "other side of the river". This is due to this area being separated from the rest of Sugar Land by theBrazos River, as well as being served by theLamar Consolidated Independent School District. The southwest side has two master-planned communities, Greatwood and River Park. Other communities in this area are Canyon Gate on the Brazos and Tara Colony, the latter an older large subdivision which has a Richmond address but is actually in the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Sugar Land and up for future annexation.
The western portion of Sugar Land was also fully incorporated into thecity limits in 2017. It is home to two master-planned communities, New Territory and Telfair, the latter of which was previously prison farm land owned by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. It was sold in 2003 and annexed to the city limits by Sugar Land in 2004. A new highway,State Highway 99 (more commonly known as the "Grand Parkway"), opened in 1994 as a major arterial in this area. North of this area and U.S. Highway 90A is theSugar Land Regional Airport and the recently decommissioned Texas Department of CorrectionsCentral Unit, which in 2011 became the first Texas prison to be closed without a replacement facility and is being targeted by the city for future light industrial development.
However, theFluor Corporation, a prominent engineering company in the United States, has moved from a large office campus in Sugar Land, and now Sugar Land officials are seeking to replace it with a sprawling mixed development area.
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 2,285 | — | |
| 1960 | 2,802 | 22.6% | |
| 1970 | 3,318 | 18.4% | |
| 1980 | 8,826 | 166.0% | |
| 1990 | 24,529 | 177.9% | |
| 2000 | 63,328 | 158.2% | |
| 2010 | 78,817 | 24.5% | |
| 2020 | 111,026 | 40.9% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[23] | |||
| Race / Ethnicity(NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[24] | Pop 2010[25] | Pop 2020[26] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 38,526 | 35,014 | 42,305 | 60.84% | 44.42% | 38.10% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 3,242 | 5,744 | 7,969 | 5.12% | 7.29% | 7.18% |
| Native American orAlaska Native alone (NH) | 112 | 135 | 150 | 0.18% | 0.17% | 0.14% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 15,042 | 27,672 | 42,639 | 23.75% | 35.11% | 38.40% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 18 | 26 | 30 | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 109 | 179 | 578 | 0.17% | 0.23% | 0.52% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 1,226 | 1,723 | 3,925 | 1.94% | 2.19% | 3.54% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 5,053 | 8,324 | 13,430 | 7.98% | 10.56% | 12.10% |
| Total | 63,328 | 78,817 | 111,026 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the2020 United States census, there were 111,026 people, 38,852 households, and 31,328 families residing in the city. At the publication of thecensus of 2010, 78,817 people, 26,709 households, and 21,882 families were residing in the city. The population density was 2,432.6 inhabitants per square mile (939.2/km2). The 27,727 housing units averaged 855.8 per square mile (330.5/km2).
In 2010, theracial makeup of the city was 52.0% White, 7.4% African American, 0.2% Native American, 35.3% Asian, 2.34% other race, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 10.6% of the population.[27] Sugar Land has the highest concentration ofAsian Americans in Texas. Altogether in 2010, 10.7% were Indian, 11.5%Chinese, 4.5%Vietnamese, and 2.0%Filipino.[28] There is also a sizablePakistani community in Sugar Land. As of 2013, about one-third of the Asian population wasIndian American, according to Harish Jajoo, a former city council member of Indian origin. The Sugar Land area has Indian grocery stores, temples, several mosques and manyIsmaili Jamatkhanas. Sugar Land is the national headquarters for the United States Ismaili Community. Jajoo stated that the quality of the jobs, schools, and parks attracts people of Indian origin to Sugar Land.[29]
Of the 26,709 households, 40.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.1% were not families. About 15.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90, and the average family size was 3.25.[27]
In the city, the age distribution was 24.6% under 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 34.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who were 65 or older. The median age was 41.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.[27]
According to the 2014 American Community Survey, the median income for a household in the city was $115,069, and for a family was $132,534. Male full-time workers had a median income of $98,892 versus $60,053 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $48,653. About 6.4% of families and 9.9% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.[30]
Catholics account for over 30% of the city population with 11,998 households registered by St. Laurence, St. Thomas Aquinas, and St. Theresa parishes.[31]
TheRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston operates three churches in Sugar Land:
TheBAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Houston, aSwaminarayan sect Hindu temple, is along Brand Lane inunincorporatedFort Bend County,[37][38] nearStafford and Sugar Land.[39]
The Sri Saumyakasi, a Sugar LandChinmaya Hindu temple, opened in December 2007. It is the only Hindu temple in the city devoted toShiva. The Chinmaya Mission Houston started in 1982. Originally classes were held in an apartment. In a ten year period the members raised $2.5 million for the permanent temple.[40]
Shri Krishna Vrundavana has a Sugar Land postal address, but is physically in theAlief super neighborhood in the Houston city limits.[41][42] It occupies the 450-person, 9,000-square-foot (840 m2) former La Festa Hall. It was established in 2011 with about 200 people in its congregation; originally the temple rented its property. In October 2015 the temple organizers bought the current site for $1.3 million. In December 2015 its congregation had numbered over 800.[41]
SriAshtalakshmi Temple, devoted to the eight forms ofLakshmi and lordLakshmi Narayana, and theStatue of Union, a 90 foot tall statue of AbhayaHanuman, both affiliated withHH Tridandi Chinna Srimannarayana Ramanuja Jeeyar Swami, are located along Synott Road. While Sri Ashtalakshmi Temple is located in Fort Bend County and has a Sugar Land 77498 mailing address, it is inside the Houston city limits as part of District F, as Sugar Land's municipal city limits stop just south of the temple at West Bellfort Avenue.[43][44][45]
TheIslamic Society of Greater Houston operates two mosques in the area, Masjid Maryam (New Territory Islamic Center)[46] and Masjid At-Taqwa (Synott Islamic Center).[46]
As in the rest of the Greater Houston area, the energy industry presence is large, specifically petroleum exploration and refining. Sugar Land holds the headquarters toFortune 500[47] company CVR Energy, Inc.[48] (NYSE: CVI), Western Airways, and NalcoChampion's Energy Services division. CVR Energy was listed as the city's only resident 2012Fortune 500 company[47][48] and theHouston Chronicle ranked it the No. 5 public company in the Houston area.[49] Sugar Land also has a large number of international energy, software, engineering, and product firms.
Sugar Land is home to the headquarters of the Imperial Sugar Company. It was once the home of the company's main (and sole)refinery and distribution center. The refinery and distribution center have been closed since 2003.[50]
Schlumberger, anoil services company, moved its Houston-area offices from 5000Gulf Freeway in Houston to a campus in Sugar Land in 1995.[51][52][53] This 33-acre (13 ha) campus is at the northeast corner ofU.S. Highway 90A and Gillingham Lane. (The former Gulf Freeway headquarters was repurposed as the University of Houston Energy Research Park after 2009.)
As of 2015, Schlumberger was the second-largest employer in Sugar Land. In 2015, Schlumberger announced that it was moving its U.S. corporate headquarters to the Sugar Land facility from a Houston office building. The company plans to build new buildings with a scheduled completion time of late 2017. They include a total of 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) of class A office space and an "amenities" building with 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of space.[54]
Fluor Daniel also has a major office in Sugar Land at 1 Fluor Daniel Dr.
Minute Maid opened its headquarters inSugar Land Town Square inFirst Colony on February 16, 2009; previously, it was headquartered in2000 St. James Place in Houston.[55][56][57]
In 1991,BMC Software leased about 120,000 square feet (11,000 m2) at the Sugar Creek National Bank Building and about 16,000 square feet (1,500 m2) in the Fluor Daniel Building, both in Sugar Land. BMC planned to vacate both Sugar Land facilities when its current headquarters, located inWestchase, opened; BMC's headquarters were scheduled to open in 1993.[58]
According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[59] the largest employers in the city are:
| No. | Employer | No. of employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Methodist Sugar Land Hospital | 2,400 |
| 2 | Fluor Enterprises, Inc | 1,980 |
| 3 | Schlumberger | 1,900 |
| 4 | Nalco Champion | 1,216 |
| 5 | Memorial Hermann Sugar Land | 800 |
| 6 | St. Luke's Hospital Sugar Land | 473 |
| 7 | Accredo Packaging | 425 |
| 8 | Baker Hughes | 422 |
| 9 | Applied Optoelectronics | 396 |
| 10 | AmerisourceBergen Drug Company | 380 |
Sugar Land operates under theCouncil-Manager form of government. Under this system, Council appoints thecity manager, who acts as the chief executive officer of the government. The city manager carries out policy and administers city programs. All department heads, including the city attorney, police chief and fire chief, are ultimately responsible to the city manager.
Some of the strengths of the council-manager form of government as opposed to a strong-mayor form of government include - all councilmembers have equal rights, obligations and opportunities, the power is assigned to the council as a whole, and the city manager must be responsive in providing day-to-day services to citizens.[60]
Sugar Land has had four city managers since instituting the council-manager form of government in 1986:
The average tenure nationwide for municipal and county managers is 7.4 years.[62] The City of Sugar Land's last two city managers have an average tenure of over 13 years. The longevity of Sugar Land's city managers indicates stability in this form of government.
Sugar Land's composition of thecity council consists of amayor, four councilmembers to be elected bysingle-member districts in odd-numbered years and two councilmembers byat-large positions in even-numbered years with the mayor.
The city hall was built as part of the Sugar Land Town Square development in First Colony.[63] Prior to the opening of the current city hall, city hall was located at 10405 Corporate Drive.[64] That space was converted for use by the offices of the Sugar Land Fire Department.[65]
Sugar Land has had nine mayors:[66]
At the start of the 21st century, Sugar Land was well-known as aRepublican stronghold.[68] More recently, the city has been trendingDemocratic in presidential elections; after voting Republican in 2012[69] and 2016,[70] Sugar Land was won byJoe Biden in 2020.[71]
Sugar Land is located inTexas's 22nd congressional district. It is represented in the US House of Representatives by RepublicanTroy Nehls, a former Fort Bend county sheriff. The district had long elected former House Majority LeaderTom DeLay, who served from here from 1985 until his 2006 resignation. Previously in 1976, Republicans ran a write-in campaign and gained election of RepublicanRon Paul, who served briefly in 1976. He ran for a full term in 1978, serving from 1979 until 1985.[72][73]
In theTexas Legislature, most of Sugar Land is represented inDistrict 17 of theTexas Senate, which is represented by RepublicanJoan Huffman. Some western segments of the city and its extraterritorial jurisdiction, including the master-planned communities ofNew Territory,Greatwood, River Park andTelfair, are situated inDistrict 18, represented by RepublicanLois Kolkhorst. She succeededGlenn Hegar in a 2014 special election following the latter's election asTexas State Comptroller earlier that year.
In theTexas House of Representatives, most of Sugar Land is located in District 26, which is represented by RepublicanRick Miller, a retiredUnited States Navy officer and current Sugar Land businessman.[74] Some parts of the city are also represented by DemocratRon Reynolds (the Sugar Land Business Park) in District 27 and Republican Phil Stephenson in District 85 (the River Park, Commonwealth and Riverstone communities).
Fort Bend County does not have a hospital district. Despite this though, there is a cluster of medical centers near Sugar Land's Town Center, namely including aCHI St. Luke's hospital complex and the Sugar Land Medical Center, which contains numerous medical offices and clinics near Southwest Freeway. OakBend Medical Center serves as the county's charity hospital which the county contracts with.[75]
TheTexas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates theJester State Prison Farm complex (Jester I,Vance,Jester III, andJester IV) in anunincorporated area near Sugar Land.[76]
The TDCJ operated theCentral Unit in Sugar Land.[77][78] The Central Unit was the only state prison within the city limits of Sugar Land.[79] The Sugar Land Distribution Center, a TDCJ men's correctional supply warehouse, was inside the Central Unit compound.[80] In 2011 the TDCJ announced that the prison was closing and would be vacant by the end of August of that year.[81] With the prison's closing, Sugar Land became the first Texas city to have its state prison close without a replacement facility.[82]
TheUnited States Postal Service operates the Sugar Land Post Office at 225 Matlage Way and the First Colony Post Office at 3130 Grants Lake Boulevard.[83][84]
Sugar Land has a largelywhite-collar, university-educated workforce employed in Houston's energy industry.[85]
In 2004, the city was named one of the top 100 places to live, according to HomeRoute, a nationalreal estate marketing company which identifies top American cities each year through its Relocate-America program. Cities are selected based on educational opportunities, crime rates,employment and housing data. The magazine started with statistics on 271 U.S. cities provided byOnBoard LLC, a real estate information company.
Sugar Land was awarded the title of "Fittest City in Texas" for the population range 50,000–100,000 in 2004, 2005 (in a tie withRound Rock) and 2006. The "Fittest City in Texas" program is a part of the Texas Roundup program, a statewide fitness initiative.[86][87]
Local sports are popular both at the recreational and competitive levels. Sugar Land formed its first community swim team, the Sugar Land Sharks, in 1967, and it is still competing as of 2016.[88][89]
Sugar Land is home to theSmart Financial Centre, an indoor concert hall that is the only such venue of its kind inGreater Houston, and can seat 6,400 seats for multiple events including concerts, cultural events and graduations. An outdoor arts plaza is also being constructed around the concert hall, and will be incorporated with a new mixed-use development that will include two hotels, a conference center, office and ground-level retail, and an age-restricted senior living multifamily complex.
Sugar Land is the home of theSugar Land Space CowboysMinor League Baseball team, founded in 2012, who play atConstellation Field in the Imperial master-planned community, located between the Sugar Land Regional Airport and the former Imperial Sugar property.[90] Originally known as the Sugar Land Skeeters, they won the 2016 and 2018 championship in the independentAtlantic League of Professional Baseball. In 2021, the Skeeters joined the Triple-A West as theTriple-A affiliate of theHouston Astros.[91] After the 2021 season, the team rebranded as the Sugar Land Space Cowboys while its league rebranded to thePacific Coast League.[92]
In 2014 the Sugar Land Youth Cricket Club, a children'scricket club, was established. In 2016 it played its home games atEverest Academy inStafford.[93]
Sugar Land Town Square serves as the primary entertainment district in Sugar Land and Fort Bend County. The district offers an array of restaurants, sidewalk cafes, shopping venues, aMarriott Hotel and conference center, mid-rise offices and homes, a public plaza, and Sugar Land City Hall. Festivals and important events take place in the plaza. The new city hall and public plaza, a cornerstone of Sugar Land Town Square, received the "Best Community Impact" award from theHouston Business Journal at the fifth annual Landmark Awards ceremony.
Next door to the district isFirst Colony Mall, a major regional shopping mall that recently expanded from its original indoor design to include an outdoor lifestyle component, several parking garages, and new signage that blends in with the surrounding area.
Sugar Land also hosts the Sugar Land Ice and Sports Center (formerly Sugar Land Aerodrome), offers ice skating and hockey lessons. It is open to the public as an ice skating facility. Previously, it served as the practice facility for theHouston Aeros of theAmerican Hockey League. Also Olympic medalistTara Lipinski trained at the Sugar Land Ice and Sports Center.
In May 2016, two sculptures in the Town Square's public plaza were installed as part of a 10-piece collection donated by a Sugar Land resident to the city through the Sugar Land Legacy Foundation.[94] One of the statues, which depicts two girls taking a selfie, has received criticism[95] and acclaim[96][97] from the media and general public.
Future developments in the city include new mixed-use developments on the grounds of the former Imperial Sugar refinery, Imperial Market, which will incorporate the property's 1920s-era char house as a boutique hotel, as well as in the southern part of the Telfair master-planned community with theSmart Financial Centre as an anchor.
A branch campus ofWharton County Junior College and a branch campus ofUniversity of Houston are both located in Sugar Land.
Sugar Land is under state law in the service area of Wharton County Junior College, as itsextraterritorial jurisdiction.[98] Wharton County College is a comprehensivecommunity college offering a wide range of postsecondary educational programs and services includingassociate degrees, certificates, and continuing-education courses. The college prepares students interested in transferring to baccalaureate-granting institutions.
All public school systems in Texas are administered by theTexas Education Agency (TEA). TheFort Bend Independent School District (FBISD) is the school district that serves almost all of the city of Sugar Land; it formed in 1959 by the consolidation of Missouri City Independent School District and theSugar Land Independent School District.[99] The southwest portion of Sugar Land and some very small areas within itsextraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) are in theLamar Consolidated Independent School District (LCISD).
High schools serving Sugar Land residents in Fort Bend ISD includeClements High School,Dulles High School andKempner High School, as well asAustin High School andTravis High School north of the city, which both serve students in New Territory, while Lamar Consolidated ISD'sLamar Consolidated High School andGeorge Ranch High School, respectively, serve the River Park and Greatwood master-planned communities in Sugar Land.
Dulles, Clements, and Austin have been recognized byTexas Monthly magazine in its list of the top high schools in Texas. In addition, Dulles, Clements, and Austin high schools were also ranked among the top 1000 schools in the United States byNewsweek's 2009 report.[100]
Prior to 1959Sugar Land High School, which merged into Dulles that year, served the city.[101] At the time FBISD formed, white students attended an elementary school in Sugar Land, a junior high school in Sugar Land, and a high school site in Missouri City. The elementary and junior high campus now houses Lakeview Elementary School and the high school site now houses Missouri City Middle School. Dulles High School became the zoned high school for white students in FBISD. Black students in Sugar Land for grades 1–12 were served byM.R. Wood School, one of FBISD's threeschools for black children. Following racial desegregation in 1965,[99] Dulles became the only zoned high school for students of all races in FBISD untilWillowridge High School opened in 1979.[101]
In addition, theHarmony Public Schools operates threecharter schools in the city, the grades K–5 Harmony Science Academy, 6–8 Harmony School of Excellence, and grades 9–12 Harmony School of Innovation.
Manyprivate schools in Sugar Land and the surrounding area are of all types: nonreligious, nonsectarian, Catholic, and Protestant. TheTexas Education Agency has no authority over private-school operations; private schools may or may not be accredited and achievement tests are not required for private school graduating seniors.
TheRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston operates two CatholicK–8 schools in Sugar Land: St. Theresa Catholic School and St. Laurence School, both named for two of the city's Catholic parishes. St. Laurence, established in 1992,[102] received additions in 1996 and 2002.[103] St. Theresa was established in 2008.[104] The city government approved the permit for the St. Theresa school building in 2007,[105] and it was dedicated on August 13, 2009.[106] Some high school students attendPope John XXIII High School inGreater Katy.[107]
TheFort Bend Christian Academy, formerly known as Fort Bend Baptist Academy, is in Sugar Land. Logos Preparatory Academy is also located in Sugar Land. The Honor Roll School has grades PK-8. TheDarul Arqam Schools Southwest Campus is located in Alief, Houston, with a Sugar Land postal address.[108][42]
As of 2019[update]The Village School in theEnergy Corridor area;[109] theBritish International School of Houston inGreater Katy;[110] andAwty International School inSpring Branch, which includes the Houston area's French international school,[111] have bus service to Sugar Land.
Residents of Sugar Land are served by theFort Bend County Libraries system, which has 11 libraries. Three branches are within the city: Sugar Land Branch, First Colony Branch, and University Branch on the University of Houston Sugar Land branch campus.
A portion of the 1974 movieThe Sugarland Express takes place in Sugar Land. Many of the movie's earliest scenes were filmed at the nearbyBeauford H. Jester prison pre-release center. Other parts of the set were filmed in and around Sugar Land. The movie's title parses the name of the city as one word rather than two. It was amongSteven Spielberg's first films before he became famous. The film was the first theatrical feature film directed by Spielberg.[112]
In 2010,The Legend of Action Man was filmed in Sugar Land. The film was produced by Dingoman Productions, a sketch comedy group formed by Sugar Land residents Andy Young, Derek Papa & James McEnelly who got their start attending Austin High School together. The story takes place in the Sugar Land area and makes use of many of the landmarks there.Action Man is famous for being one of the least expensive films ever made, made on a budget of $200. Director Andy Young has written about the experience forMoviemaker magazine.[113]
Folk musicianLead Belly's song "Midnight Special" discusses his arrest in Houston and his stay at the Sugar Land Prison (now the Beauford H. Jester pre-release Center[citation needed]) in 1925.
If you're ever down in Houston,
Boy, you better walk right.
And you better not squabble.
And you better not fight.
Bason and Brock will arrest you.
Payton and Boone will take you down.
You can bet your bottom dollar,
That you're Sugar Land bound.
Country music bandSugarland gets its name from the city. They reference it in their song "Sugarland".
Bruce Springsteen recorded but did not release a song called "Sugar Land", about the economic crisis facing American agriculture in the 1980s.
The primary newspaper serving Sugar Land residents is theHouston Chronicle, which is the only major newspaper in the Greater Houston region. On Thursdays, theHouston Chronicle offers a localized segment covering the Sugar Land area under its "Fort Bend" section. An alternative newspaper, theHouston Press, is also offered in this area.
Additionally, Sugar Land residents receive local area news coverage viaCovering Fort Bend, which covers local news and political happenings in the Sugar Land area. Residents also are served by three free weekly newspapers, theFort Bend Independent, theFort Bend Star, and theSugar Land Sun. TheFort Bend Herald and Texas Coaster, a daily newspaper covering primarily the Richmond-Rosenberg area west of Sugar Land, also covers news stories in Sugar Land.
Over-the-air television in Sugar Land is broadcast in the Houston television market, which is the seventh-largest market in the United States according to Nielsen Media Research.
The city is also served by a citywidepublic-access television oncable channel 16, which covers city council meetings, planning and zoning meetings, community events,FBISD board meetings, andFort Bend County Commissioners' Court meetings.
The vast majority of cable subscribers in the Sugar Land area are served byComcast-ownedXfinity, which took over the Houston area's dominant cable franchise fromTime Warner in 2007. Other cable options in Sugar Land includeAT&T U-verse, En-Touch Systems (which covers the River Park West and Telfair areas of the city),Phonoscope, TVMAX, andYgnition (the latter two of which cover cable subscribers in multifamily housing developments).
Sugar Land is the setting in the new Lifetime series,The Client List starringJennifer Love Hewitt. Hewitt's character lives in Beaumont, but commutes to Sugar Land to work at a scandalous massage parlor.
Sugar Land is mentioned in Season 7 of the television seriesThe Rookie, where the character Officer Miles Penn, portrayed by Deric Augustine, is said to have worked as a police officer in Sugar Land for two years before transferring toLos Angeles.
Sugar Land currently does not have amass transit system. However, this could change as it has been a possible candidate for expansion of Houston'sMETRORail system by means of a plannedcommuter rail alongU.S. Highway 90A. The city is not a participant in the Houston area'sMETRO transit authority; Sugar Land's merchants do not collect the sales tax that partially funds that agency.Fort Bend County Public Transit provides commuter service from Sugar Land to Houston.[114]
Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59, the major freeway running diagonally through the city, has undergone a major widening project in recent years to accommodate the region's daily commuters. The finished portion of the freeway from east of State Highway 6 to just west of State Highway 99 currently has eight main lanes, with two diamond lanes and six continuous frontage road lanes. The freeway is currently undergoing a major expansion west of the city to accommodate growth in the nearby Richmond/Rosenberg area and western Fort Bend County, as well as upgrading it to federal highway standards to reflect its newfound status as aninterstate highway.
U.S. Highway 90 Alternate is another major highway running through Sugar Land from west to east and traverses a historic area of the city, known as "Old Sugar Land". Originally the main highway in Sugar Land prior to the construction of what is now Interstate 69, U.S. Highway 90A is currently widened to an eight-lane highway with a 30-foot (9.1 m) median between State Highway 6 and Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59.
State Highway 6 is a major highway running from north to southeast Sugar Land and traverses through the 10,000 acres (40 km2) master-planned community of First Colony. There is a freeway section that opened in 2008 from just west of Brooks Street/First Colony Blvd all the way to 3/4 miles north of U.S. Highway 90A.
A segment ofState Highway 99/Grand Parkway currently traverses the New Territory and River Park master-planned communities. The original highway opened in 1994, with toll lanes added in 2014. Construction will start soon south of its current terminus at Interstate 69/US 59, which is expected to extend the highway east to Alvin in Brazoria County.
Texas F.M. 1876, widely known as Copenhaver Road, is a north-south state highway in north Sugar Land. It traverses through many established areas and acts as the western border of the Sugar Land Business Park.
Sugar Land Regional Airport (formerly Hull Field, later Sugar Land Municipal Airport) was purchased from a private interest in 1990 by the city of Sugar Land. It is the fourth largest airport within the Greater Houston metropolitan area. The airport handles approximately 250 aircraft operations per day. The airport has an on-field United States Customs office, making this airport attractive to energy companies based in the Houston metropolitan area as this allows flights directly to and from countries wherein overseas operations are located, allowing fliers to avoid the delays inherent in high traffic airports such asGeorge Bush Intercontinental.
The airport today serves the area'sgeneral aviation (GA) aircraft serving corporate, governmental, and private clientele. A new 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m2) terminal and a 60-acre (24 ha) GA complex opened in 2006. Sugar Land Regional briefly handled commercial passenger service during the mid-1990s via a now-defunct Texas carrier known asConquest Airlines. For scheduled commercial service, Sugar Landers rely on Houston's two commercial airports,George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), 40 miles (64 km) northeast, andWilliam P. Hobby Airport (HOU), 27 miles (43 km) east.
The city of Houston maintains a park that occupies 750 acres (300 ha) of land directly north of the Sugar Land Regional Airport, and developers have built master-planned communities (Telfair, and the future development of TX DOT Tract 3 immediately east of the airport) around the airport, both factors that block airport expansion.
China Airlines operated private bus shuttle services from Wel-Farm Super Market/Metro Bank onState Highway 6 in Sugar Land to George Bush Intercontinental Airport to feed the flight from Bush Intercontinental toTaipei,Taiwan.[115] The service ended when China Airlines pulled out of Houston on January 29, 2008.[116]
12627 W. BELLFORT AVE SUGAR LAND, TX 77478- OnMap Book page 3D
BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir 1150 Brand Lane Stafford, TX 77477 USA- Despite the "Stafford, TX" city name, it is outside of the Stafford city limits
10223 Synott Road- This propertyhas a Sugar Land postal address but in fact is in the city of Houston.USPS postal service boundaries do not necessarily correspond to municipal boundaries. Compare the address to the maps of the Houston city limits.
Pope John XXIII High School, [...] serves Houston's far west side, including areas of [...] Sugar Land, [...]
| Counties |  | |
|---|---|---|
| "Principal" cities | ||
| Other cities |
For a complete listing, seelist of cities and towns in Greater Houston | |
| Unincorporated areas | ||
| Bodies of water | ||
Municipalities and communities ofFort Bend County, Texas,United States | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cities |  | |
| Town | ||
| Villages | ||
| CDPs | ||
| Other communities | ||
| Former communities | ||
| Ghost towns | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties ±Former CDP annexed by Missouri City ^Former CDP annexed by Sugar Land #Still active as a community, but is no longer listed as a census-designated place | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
