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Sudhir Kakar | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1938-07-25)25 July 1938 |
| Died | 22 April 2024(2024-04-22) (aged 85) |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater | University of Mannheim |
| Subject | Psychology of religion |
Sudhir Kakar (25 July 1938 – 22 April 2024) was an Indian psychoanalyst,[1] novelist and author in the fields ofcultural psychology and thepsychology of religion.[2]
Kakar was born on 25 July 1938 inNainital,[3] a town in present-dayUttarakhand, India. He spent his early childhood nearSargodha, now in Pakistan[4] and also inRohtak, where his father was an additional district magistrate during theBritish Raj and during thepartition of India, and the family moved quite a bit from city to city.[4][5] At age eight he was enrolled as aboarder inModern School, New Delhi;[4] he would later write about homosexual encounters in the school dormitories.[4]
He next attendedSt. Edward's School, Shimla.[4] He began his Intermediate Studies at Maharaja's College, Jaipur, in 1953 after which his family sent him toAhmedabad, where Kakar lived with his aunt,Kamla Chowdhry, and attended engineering college.[4] After his B.E. degree inmechanical engineering fromGujarat University 1958, Kakar obtained a master's equivalent in business administration (Dipl.-Kfm.) at theUniversity of Mannheim (1960–64), and adoctor's degree in economics at theUniversity of Vienna.[6] When he returned to India, he encountered psychoanalystErik Erikson, who inspired Kakar to train in Freudian psychoanalysis and continued to influence him throughout his career.[7] He began his training in psychoanalysis at theUniversity of Frankfurt'sSigmund Freud Institute in 1971.[8]
In 1975, Sudhir Kakar moved to Delhi with his aunt, Kamla.[4] Kakar resided in Goa and was married to Katharina (born 1967), a German writer and a scholar of comparative religions.[9]
Kakar died on 22 April 2024, at the age of 85.[10] Kakar is survived by his son Rahul Kakar and daughter Shveta Kakar, as well as his partner Katharina Poggendorf-Kakar.[8]
After returning to India in 1975, Sudhir Kakar set up a practice as a psychoanalyst in New Delhi. There, for a short period of time, he was the Head of Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Indian Institute of Technology (1976–77).[11][12] He was the 40th Anniversary Senior Fellow at theCenter for Study of World Religions at Harvard (2001–02)[13] and a visiting professor at the universities of Chicago (1988–90),[14] McGill (1976–77), Melbourne (1981), Hawaii (1998) and Vienna (1974–75),[15] and at INSEAD, France (1994–2013).[16] He had been a Fellow at theInstitute of Advanced Study, Princeton,[17]Wissenschaftskolleg (Institute of Advanced Study), Berlin, Centre for Advanced Study of Humanities, University of Cologne.[18]
Kakar was in private psychoanalytic practice in New Delhi for 25 years[16] before moving in 2003 to his place of residence inGoa, India.[9] Since then he had his practice in Benaulim, a village in Goa. He was a visiting professor at Goa University.[11][19]He created controversy in a symposium regarding the Death Penalty for Child Rape in 2018 by advocating leniency towards perpetrators of child rape, emphasizing protection of the family reputation and the family bond over the child's safety.[20]
A portion of Sudhir Kakar's work involves the relationship betweenpsychoanalysis andmysticism. His analyses of personages include that ofSwami Vivekananda inThe Inner World (1978),Mohandas Gandhi inIntimate Relations (1989), andRamakrishna inThe Analyst and the Mystic (1991).[21][22]
Kakar’s novelEcstasy (2003) was "written exclusively for the senses of the skeptic and the mind of the mystic" and "is the beginning of a journey through the soulscape of spiritual India".[23] The story is set inRajasthan of 1940s or 1960s.[24]
PsychoanalystAlan Roland (2009) writes that when Kakar applies his psychoanalytic understanding to these "three spiritual figures [Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi, Ramakrishna]", his analyses are as "fullyreductionistic as those ofJeffrey Masson". Roland also disputes the Kakar's theoretical understanding of mysticism from a psychoanalytic standpoint, and writes that it is "highly questionable whether spiritual aspirations, practices, and experiences essentially involveregression."[21]
At a personal level, Kakar felt that spirituality for him consists of moments of profound connection with a person, nature, art, music, and for those who believe in God, with the Divine.His spiritual beliefs have been influenced by a combination of a rationalistic, agonistic father and a religious, ritualistic mother.[25]
His some general observations on Indian psychology and attitudes are mentioned in V. S. Naipaul's India - A Wounded Civilization.
Kakar's was awarded the 1987 Boyer Prize for Psychological Anthropology of theAmerican Anthropological Association.[26] He received the Order of Merit, Federal republic of Germany, Feb. 2012,Distinguished Service Award, Indo-American Psychiatric Association, 2007, Fellow, National Academy of Psychology, India, 2007,Member, Academie Universelle des Cultures, France, 2003, Abraham Kardiner Award, Columbia University, 2002, Rockefeller Residency, Bellagio. April–May 1999, Goethe Medal of Goethe Institute, Germany, 1998,[14] Watumull Distinguished Scholar, University of Hawaii, Spring Semester, 1998, National Fellow in Psychology, Indian Council of Social Science Research, 1992–94,MacArthur Research Fellowship, 1993–94, Jawaharlal Nehru Fellow, 1986–88, Homi Bhabha Fellow, 1979-80. Karolyi Foundation Award for Young Writers, 1963.The French weekly Le Nouvel Observateur profiled Kakar as one of 25 major thinkers of the world while the German weekly Die Zeit profiled him as one of twenty one thinkers for the 21st century. Oxford University Press, Delhi is in the process of publishing 4 volumes of Kakar’s essays in their series Great Thinkers of Modern Asia.
Non-fiction
Fiction
