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| Orders of succession |
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Malaysia practises anelective monarchy, so there is no distinct line ofsuccession to the Malaysian thrones. In the event where the current seat of the throne falls vacant (due to death, incapacitation or resignation), theConference of Rulers meet to elect the newYang di-Pertuan Agong (monarch) from among the rulers of the nineMalay states. Thedeputy king does not automatically succeed the throne. The election is regulated byArticle 32 of theConstitution of Malaysia.[1]
By convention, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong has been elected by the establishedorder of seniority of the states.
| Turning | State | Ruler | On the Federal Throne | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Negeri Sembilan | Muhriz (since 29 December 2008) | N/A | |
| 2 |  Selangor | Sharafuddin (since 22 November 2001) | N/A | |
| 3 |  Perlis | Sirajuddin (since 17 April 2000) | 13 December 2001 – 12 December 2006 | 12th King |
| 4 |  Terengganu | Mizan (since 15 May 1998) | 13 December 2006 – 12 December 2011 | 13th King |
| 5 |  Kedah | Sallehuddin (since 12 September 2017) | N/A | |
| 6 |  Kelantan | Muhammad V (since 13 September 2010) | 13 December 2016 – 6 January 2019 | 15th King |
| 7 |  Pahang | Abdullah (since 11 January 2019) | 31 January 2019 – 30 January 2024 | 16th King |
| 8 |  Johor | Ibrahim (since 23 January 2010) | 31 January 2024 – present | 17th King |
| 9 |  Perak | Nazrin (since 29 May 2014) | N/A | Deputy King |
States' thrones are as follows.[2]
Negeri Sembilan is unique in that it is the only State in Malaysia which practices an elective monarchy instead of a linear dynasty. The four largestluak (districts) in Negeri Sembilan each elect anUndang (viceroy), who are also the kingmakers of the State. When the position of theYamtuan Besar falls vacant, the fourUndangs will be called upon to appoint a successor among the Princes of Four. They are the Tunku Besar of Seri Menanti (currentlyTunku Ali Redhauddin), the Tunku Laksamana (currentlyTunku Naquiyuddin), the Tunku Muda of Serting (currentlyTunku Imran) and the Tunku Panglima Besar (currently Tunku Nadzaruddin). The currentYamtuan Besar isTuanku Muhriz.
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah (1926–2001)
Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah (born 1945)Tuanku Syed Putra (1920–2000)Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin (born 1943)Sultan Mahmud al-Muktafi billah Shah (1930–1998)Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (born 1962)Sultan Badlishah (1894–1958)Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (1927–2017)Sultan Sallehuddin (born 1942)Sultan Ismail Petra (1949–2019)Sultan Muhammad V (born 1969)Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah (1930–2019)Al-Sultan Abdullah Riayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah (born 1959)Sultan Iskandar (1932–2010)Sultan Ibrahim (born 1958)In contrast to the other Malaysian sultanates, the ruling dynasty of Perak utilizes a somewhat complex order of succession.
The reigning Sultan appoints princes in the male line of descent from a Sultan to certain high princely titles. They are arranged in a strict order of precedence indicating the order of succession to the throne. As per a ruling of 25 February 1953, the present hierarchy of titles and the corresponding order of succession is as follows:
While titleholders are usually appointed for life, titles may be revoked in cases of proven incompetence or disability. On the death or promotion of an existing titleholder, the holder of the next most senior title succeeds him. TheRaja Muda is the heir apparent, and succeeds the ruling sultan on his demise, whereupon the prince holding the title ofRaja Di-Hilir becomes the newRaja Muda. The Raja Kechil Besar then becomes theRaja Di-Hilir. The new Sultan may then appoint his own nominee to the junior-most title made vacant by these successions.[citation needed]
Sultan Ahmad ud-din Shah (died 1806; r. 1792–1806)Sultan Abdul-Malik Mansur Muazzam Shah Jamalullah (died 1825; r. 1806–1825)Sultan Abdullah Muazzam Shah Khalilullah (c. 1805–1830; r. 1825-1830)Sultan Jaafar Safi ud-din Muazzam Shah Waliullah (died 1865; r. 1857–1865)Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Shah II Habibullah (1842–1922; r. 1874–1877)Sultan Abdul-Aziz al-Mutasim Billah Shah Nikmatullah (1887–1948; r. 1938–1948)Sultan Idris I Murshid al-Azzam Shah Rahmatullah (1849–1916; r. 1887–1916)Sultan Abdul Jalil Nasir ud-din al-Muhtaram Shah Radiullah (1870–1918; r. 1916–1918)Sultan Yusuf Izz ud-din Rathiullah Ghafarullahulah Shah (1890–1963; r. 1948–1963)Sultan Azlan Muhibuddin Shah Al-Maghfur-Lah (1928–2014; r. 1984–2014)Sultan Nazrin Muizuddin Shah (born 1956; r. 2014–present)Sultan Iskandar Shah al-Kaddasullah (1881–1938; r. 1918–1938)Sultan Idris II al-Mutawakil Allahahi Afifu’llah Shah (1924–1984; r. 1963–1984)Sultan Muhammad Shahab ud-din Riayat Shah Saifullah (died 1851; r. 1830–1851)Sultan Ali al-Mukammil Inayat Shah Nabiullah (died 1871; r. 1865–1871)
