| Regions of Somaliland Gobollada Somaliland(Somali) محافظات صوماليلاند (Arabic) | |
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| Category | Unitary republic |
| Location | Republic of Somaliland |
| Created by | Constitution of Somaliland |
| Number | 6 |
| Populations | 251,384 (Sahil) — 1,242,003 (Maroodi Jeex) (2014 estimates) |
| Areas | 13,930 km2 (5,380 sq mi) (Sahil) – 54,231 km2 (20,939 sq mi) (Sanaag) |
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Constitution |
 Somaliland portal |
Theregions of Somaliland (Somali:Gobolada Somaliland;Arabic:محافظات صوماليلاند) is divided into six administrative regions,Awdal,Sahil,Maroodi-Jeeh,Togdheer,Sanaag andSool. These are in turn subdivided into twenty-twodistricts. Regions of Somaliland are the primary geographical divisions through which Somaliland is administered. A distinction is made between districts of grades A, B, C and D, with the classification being based on population, area, economy and production.[1]
| List | Location | Regions | Area (km2) | Capital | Districts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Awdal | 21,374 | Borama | Baki District,Borama District,Zeila District,Lughaya District |
| 2 |  | Sahil | 13,930 | Berbera | Sheikh District,Berbera District |
| 3 |  | Maroodi Jeeh | 17,429 | Hargeisa | Gabiley District,Hargeisa District |
| 4 |  | Togdheer | 30,426 | Burao | Oodweyne District,Buhoodle District,Burao District |
| 5 |  | Sanaag | 54,231 | Erigavo | El Afweyn District,Erigavo District,Las Khorey District |
| 6 |  | Sool | 39,240 | Las Anod | Aynabo District,Las Anod District,Taleh District,Hudun District |
The local administration of British Somaliland (1884-June 26, 1960) was stipulated primarily by the Local Government Ordinance of 1953.[2] The ordinance established councils in six districts that had divided[3] Somaliland since 1944. The ordinance continued to be used after independence as theState of Somaliland (June 26-July 1, 1960). At the time of the integration withItalian Somaliland on July 1, 1960, there were the following six districts.[4]
The council (capital) was located in the city of the same name. These six areas were inherited by the regions established after the reindependence in 1991, and have a six-regionsystem with the six cities where the council was located as the capital.
On July 1, 1960, theState of Somaliland annexedItalian Somaliland and became independent again as theSomali Republic. From then on, the former British territory is called the "northern region" and the former Italian territory with the capital Mogadishu is called the "southern region"[citation needed]. On June 14, 1962, the six former British territories were reorganized into two states.[5] The six districts that made up the former Italian territory have been transferred to the state as they are.
Subsequently, the "Local Administration and Local Assembly Election Act" was enacted on August 14, 1963, and a district (District, different from that of the British territory) council was established.[6] A decree governing region and district organization on February 8, 1967 established a two-tiered region-district structure.[7]
On October 21, 1969, a military coup by Maj. Gen.Mohammed Siad Barre broke out. Barre, who seized power, placed all local governments, including regions and districts, under the direct control of the government under the "Local Government Reform Act" of June 8, 1972,[8] and was a party under the decree of February 3, 1977. He established a local rule system based on dictatorship socialism.[9] By 1982, the Barre administration had reorganized the regions of the country, and the two northern regions were divided intoWoqooyi Galbeed,Togdheer, andSanaag. In June 1984,Awdal was separated fromWoqooyi Galbeed, andSool was separated from Nugal (former Italian territory)[10] (although there is a theory that the addition of these two regions was not implemented[11]). .. During theOgaden War (1977–1988), the same number of refugees as the population at that time (estimated at 1.3 million) rushed to the northern region, and the governing body was paralyzed.[12]
The northern regionsdeclared independence fromSomali Democratic Republic after a 10 year longwar of independence[13] and restoration of sovereignty on May 18, 1991, and theRepublic of Somaliland was established. According to the "Decrees Establishing the Structure of the Ministry of Interior and regions / Districts" in 1993, it was divided into 6 regions inherited from the era of Somaliland, 18 districts during the Somali era, and one district created by theSomaliland government, for a total of 19 districts.[14] In addition, provincial assessments were carried out. Twenty-three districts were created by executive order after independence, but nearly all districts were not approved byParliament for failing to meet district standards. By 1993, it was approved byParliament and was incorporated into law only in Baligubadle District.
Berbera District inWoqooyi Galbeed became by executive orderSahil, and in 1998 theSheikh District ofTogdheer was incorporated into Sahil.
In 2007, The region ofWoqooyi Galbeed was renamed toMaroodi Jeex (Chapter 1, Article 2 [23]. ]).[15]
Between 22 March and 15 May 2008, then president of SomalilandDahir Riyale Kahin issued a press statement announcing the creation of six new regions and 16 new districts, in addition to the corresponding administrative divisions already existing as created by Somalia's central government. On May 15, 2008, Kahin released a second statement declaring theHawd the thirteenth region of Somaliland.[16] In June 2014, Somaliland presidentAhmed Mohamed Mohamoud (Ex-president) announced the creation of Somaliland's 14th region, consisting of 4 new districts. The new region, dubbedHaysimo was formed out of the eastern Sool and Sanaag regional districts. It contains the cities ofTaleh,Sarmanyo,Godaalo, Hallin, and Aroley. The presidential decree stated that Taleh is the regional capital.[17][18] 8 regions created by President Dahir rayale and Silanyo were not approved by parliament because the new regional boundaries are not clearly demarcated.[19]
Currently, Somaliland is divided in 6 regions, Awdal, Sahil, Maroodi-Jeeh, Toghdeer, Sanaag and Sool. This is in accordance with 2 political studies published on Somaliland in 2011 and 2015 and ActionAID, a humanitarian organization currently active in Somaliland.[20][21][22]
In 2019 the local government law passed in 2019 (Lr. 23/2019, hereinafter referred to as the 2019 local government law), regions that "Somaliland is divided into six regions (Article 9 of the same law)".[23] The 2019 Local Government Act came into force on January 4, 2020.[24]
The regional boundaries are supposed to correspond to the boundaries of the six districts under theSomaliland protectorate, however theSiad Barre era boundaries serve as the de facto boundaries. Article 11, section 1 of the amended Local Government Act which came into force in 2020 provides:[25][26]
Xuduudaha Lixda Gobol Ee JSL ka kooban tahay waxay ku salaysan yihiin Xuduudahii ay lahaan jireen lixdii Degmo Ee Waaweynaa Ee jiray xiligii Ingiriiska ka hor 26/06/1960 Ee kala ahaa Hargeysa, Burco, Ceerigaabo, Laascaanood, Boorama iyo Berbera kuwaas oo isku beddelay Gobolladda JSL hadda ka kooban tahay.
