Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Subdivisions of England

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Administrative division or non-administrative ceremonial area of England
For other subdivisions, seeHistorical and alternative regions of England.

Subdivisions of England
Administrative map of England (2010)
Subdivisions of England (as of 1 April 2023) that have a principal local authority: two-tiernon-metropolitan counties and theirnon-metropolitan districts;metropolitan boroughs;unitary authorities;London boroughs; and thesui generisCity of London andIsles of Scilly.
LocationEngland
Subdivisions
This article is part ofa series within the
Politics of the United Kingdom on the

Thesubdivisions ofEngland constitute a hierarchy ofadministrative divisions and non-administrative ceremonial areas.

Overall, England is divided intonine regions and48 ceremonial counties, although these have only a limited role in public policy. For the purposes oflocal government, the country is divided intocounties,districts andparishes. In some areas, counties and districts form a two-tier administrative structure, while in others they are combined under aunitary authority. Parishes cover only part of England.

The current system is the result of incremental reform which has its origins in legislation enacted in 1965 and1972.[1]

  unitary authority (non-metropolitan county and district)
  non-metropolitan county with multiple unitary authorities (which are not counties)
  sui generis areas (City of London andIsles of Scilly)
   regional boundary 
   ceremonial county boundary 
   non-metropolitan county boundary 

History

[edit]
Further information:History of local government in England

The 1974 reform of local government established the tier structure throughout England with county authorities in metropolitan and Greater London also existing, 1986 reform abolished these. From the 1996 reform the structure's use has been declining, 21 tiered areas remain out of the original 48. The county tier provides the majority of services, including education and social services while the 164 district-tier councils have a more limited role.[1]

New local administrative subdivisions in England have generally evolved through path dependence, with new units often created by merging smaller, lower-tier areas.[2]

Regional divisions

[edit]

Regions

[edit]
Regions of England
Main article:Regions of England

At the highest level, all of England is divided into nine regions that are each made up of a number of counties and districts. These "government office regions" were created in 1994,[3] and from the1999 Euro-elections up until the UK's exit from the EU, they were used as theEuropean Parliament constituencies in the United Kingdom and in England'sEuropean Parliament constituencies.[citation needed]

The regions vary greatly in their areas covered, populations and contributions to the national economy.[3] All have the same status, exceptLondon which has substantivedevolved powers.[4]

There was a failed attempt to createelected regional assemblies outside London in 2004 and after then the structures of regional governance (regional assemblies,regional development agencies andlocal authority leaders' boards) have been subject to review.[citation needed]

Prior to the government office regions established in 1994, England was divided into eight economic planning regions. These originated in thecivil defence regions established during theSecond World War.[5]

List of regions

[edit]
Regions of England[6]
RegionLand areaPopulation (2024)
(km2)(%)People(%)Density

(/km2)

North East8,5816.59%2,760,6784.71%322
North West14,10810.83%7,737,41413.2%548
Yorkshire and the Humber15,40411.82%5,672,9629.68%368
East Midlands15,62311.99%5,063,1648.64%324
West Midlands12,9989.97%6,187,20410.55%476
East of England19,11614.67%6,576,30611.22%344
London1,5721.21%9,089,73615.51%5,782
South East19,07214.64%9,642,94216.45%506
South West23,83618.29%5,889,69510.05%247
England130,310100%58,620,101100%450

Combined authority areas

[edit]
Main article:Combined authority

Outside London, the primary administrative body above the upper-tier or unitary local authority is the combined authority or combined county authority. Each combined authority covers a combined authority area, made up of the territories of each constituent council. The combined authority areas can be coterminous with another, pre-existing subdivision, such as counties. The first combined authority was theGreater Manchester Combined Authority, established in 2010, covering the ceremonial and metropolitan county ofGreater Manchester.[7] Other combined authorities exist within or beyond previously existing boundaries. For example, the unitary authority area of theBorough of Halton, part ofCheshire for ceremonial purposes, joined with the metropolitan boroughs ofMerseyside to form theLiverpool City Region.[8]

Counties

[edit]
Main article:Counties of England

Counties have been a subdivision of England since they were established in the period between the 7th and 11th centuries.[9] Counties have served an administrative role since then; Parr (2020) describes them as the 'most noticeable example' ofpath dependence in England's local government geography.[2]

Ceremonial and historic counties

[edit]
Main articles:Ceremonial counties of England andHistoric counties of England

For non-administrative purposes, England is wholly divided into 48ceremonial counties.[10] These are used for the purposes of appointingLords Lieutenant[10] who are the Crown's representatives in those areas as well as a way of grouping non-metropolitan counties. They are taken into consideration when drawing up Parliamentary constituency boundaries.[citation needed] Ceremonial counties are commonly named after historic counties, the ceremonial county acts as an in between for the administrative boundaries and long established areas used in fields such as sport.

Non-metropolitan and metropolitan counties

[edit]
Main article:Counties of England § Local government
See also:List of county councils in England

County-tier councils and each unitary authority are separatenon-metropolitan counties, each non-metropolitan county can be known as a district, city or borough.Berkshire is an anomaly in this arrangement whereby its districts became unitary authorities, the non-metropolitan county remain to keep the title ofRoyal county, in the same way the metropolitan county remained when the county-tier councils were abolished.[11] Each correspond to an administrative body.

Non-metropolitan districts can also be a borough, city or district. Unitary authority areas are joint non-metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan districts.

Metropolitan counties of England
CountyRegionAdministrative bodyLocal leaderLargest settlementMetropolitan boroughs
Greater ManchesterNorth West EnglandGreater Manchester Combined AuthorityMayor of Greater ManchesterManchester[12]
MerseysideNorth West EnglandNone, part ofLiverpool City Region Combined AuthorityMayor of the Liverpool City RegionLiverpool[13]
South YorkshireYorkshire and the HumberSouth Yorkshire Mayoral Combined AuthorityMayor of South YorkshireSheffield[14]
Tyne and WearNorth East EnglandNone, part ofNorth East Combined AuthorityMayor of the North EastNewcastle upon Tyne[15]
West MidlandsWest MidlandsWest Midlands Combined AuthorityMayor of the West MidlandsBirmingham[16]
West YorkshireYorkshire and the HumberWest Yorkshire Combined AuthorityMayor of West YorkshireLeeds[17]

List of two-tier non-metropolitan counties

[edit]
TypeNon-metropolitan countyNon-metropolitan district
Set up19741974
No21164
UnitsList of districts

Sub-county divisions

[edit]

Local government districts

[edit]

The districts of England originate in the1834 Poor Law reforms, which amalgamated multiple parishes to formPoor Law unions. These areas were later used as the basis forcensus registration districts andsanitary districts.[18]1984 reforms to sub-county government createdurban districts andrural districts as a standard lower-tier layer of local government beneath administrative counties.[2]

The1970s local government reforms replaced the administrative counties and county boroughs with non-metropolitan counties and metropolitan counties, covering the whole of England outside of London. The lower tier of government below the non-metropolitan counties were non-metropolitan districts.[2]

Since 1992, many local authorities have been made unitary authorities, or new unitary authorities have been established to replace the previous two-tier local authorities in a particular area. This has led to either the local government district or county being, in effect, abolished.[2]

County borough

[edit]

County boroughs were wholly independent urban centres that existed between 1888 and 1974. County boroughs were independent of the administrative county.[2]

Metropolitan boroughs and London

[edit]

In 1986, the county-tier was abolished with theLondon boroughs,Metropolitan boroughs and combined boards remaining. Apart from status these boroughs have the same powers to unitary authorities.[citation needed]

London Boroughs and the City of London

[edit]

TheGreater London administrative area was created in 1965 with 32 boroughs, excluding theCity of London.[19]

TypeLondon boroughSui generis
Set up1965in antiquity
No321
Units
Total33

Miscellaneous

[edit]

TheIsles of Scilly are governed by asui generis local authority called theCouncil of the Isles of Scilly. The authority was established in 1890 as the Isles of Scilly Rural District Council. It was renamed but otherwise unreformed by the changes in local government that occurred in 1974 in the rest of England outside Greater London.[20] Although effectively a unitary authority, for example it is an education authority,[21] the Isles of Scilly are part of theCornwall ceremonial county and combine withCornwall Council for services such as health[22] and economic development.[23]

The ancientCity of London is the only part of Greater London not within a London borough; it is governed by theCity of London Corporation, asui generis authority unlike any other in England[19] that has largely avoided any of the reforms of local government in the 19th and 20th centuries.[24]

Civil parishes

[edit]
Main article:Civil parishes in England
See also:List of civil parishes in England

The civil parish is the most local unit of government in England.[1] A parish is governed by aparish council orparish meeting, which exercises a limited number of functions that would otherwise be delivered by the local authority. There is one civil parish in Greater London (Queen's Park, in theCity of Westminster),[25] and not all of the rest of England is parished. The number of parishes and total area parished is growing.

List of unitary authority areas

[edit]
TypeSet upNoUnits
County gained district functions20232
District(s) gained county functions20232
District(s) gained county functions20212
District(s) gained county functions20201
District(s) gained county functions20192
County gained district functions20095
District(s) gained county functions20094
District(s) gained county functions199821
District(s) gained county functions199711
9
District gained county functions199613
County gained district functions19951
Sui generis18901
Total63

Hierarchical list of regions, strategic authorities, counties and districts

[edit]
RegionStrategic
authority		Ceremonial
county		Metropolitan or
non-metropolitan
county		Districts
May also hold borough and/or city status
East of England
Essex1. Thurrock U.A.
2. Southend-on-Sea U.A.
3. Essex †a) Harlow,b) Epping Forest,c) Brentwood,d) Basildon,e) Castle Point,f) Rochford,g) Maldon,h) Chelmsford,i) Uttlesford,j) Braintree,k) Colchester,l) Tendring
4. Hertfordshire †a) Three Rivers,b) Watford,c) Hertsmere,d) Welwyn Hatfield,e) Broxbourne,f) East Hertfordshire,g) Stevenage,h) North Hertfordshire,i) St Albans,j) Dacorum
Bedfordshire5. Luton U.A.
6. Bedford U.A.
7. Central Bedfordshire U.A.
Cambridgeshire and PeterboroughCambridgeshire8. Cambridgeshire †a) Cambridge,b) South Cambridgeshire,c) Huntingdonshire,d) Fenland,e) East Cambridgeshire
9. Peterborough U.A.
10. Norfolk †a) Norwich,b) South Norfolk,c) Great Yarmouth,d) Broadland,e) North Norfolk,f) Breckland,g) King's Lynn and West Norfolk
11. Suffolk †a) Ipswich,b)East Suffolk,c) Babergh,d) Mid Suffolk,e)West Suffolk
East Midlands
East MidlandsDerbyshire1. Derbyshire †a) High Peak,b) Derbyshire Dales,c) South Derbyshire,d) Erewash,e) Amber Valley,f) North East Derbyshire,g) Chesterfield,h) Bolsover
2. Derby U.A.
Nottinghamshire3. Nottinghamshire †a) Rushcliffe,b) Broxtowe,c) Ashfield,d) Gedling,e) Newark and Sherwood,f) Mansfield,g) Bassetlaw
4. Nottingham U.A.
Greater Lincolnshire
(part only)		Lincolnshire
(part only)		5. Lincolnshire †a) Lincoln,b) North Kesteven,c) South Kesteven,d) South Holland,e) Boston,f) East Lindsey,g) West Lindsey
Leicestershire6. Leicestershire †a) Charnwood,b) Melton,c) Harborough,d) Oadby and Wigston,e) Blaby,f) Hinckley and Bosworth,g) North West Leicestershire
7. Leicester U.A.
8. Rutland U.A.
Northamptonshire9. West Northamptonshire U.A.
10. North Northamptonshire U.A.
London
Greater London Authority1. Greater Londonnone

a) City of Westminster,b) Kensington and Chelsea,c) Hammersmith and Fulham,d) Wandsworth,e) Lambeth,f) Southwark,g) Tower Hamlets,h) Hackney,i) Islington,j) Camden,k) Brent,l) Ealing,m) Hounslow,n) Richmond,o) Kingston upon Thames,p) Merton,q) Sutton,r) Croydon,s) Bromley,t) Lewisham,u) Greenwich,v) Bexley,w) Havering,x) Barking and Dagenham,y) Redbridge,z) Newham,aa) Waltham Forest,ab) Haringey,ac) Enfield,ad) Barnet,ae) Harrow,af) Hillingdon

2. City of LondonnoneCity of London
North East
North East1. Northumberland U.A.
2. Tyne and Wear *a) Newcastle upon Tyne,c) North Tyneside
b) Gateshead,d) South Tyneside,e) Sunderland
Durham3. County Durham U.A.
Tees Valley4. Darlington U.A.
5. Hartlepool U.A.
6. Stockton-on-Tees U.A.
North Yorkshire
(part only)
7. Redcar and Cleveland U.A.
8. Middlesbrough U.A.
North West
Cumbria1. Cumberland U.A.
2. Westmorland and Furness U.A
LancashireLancashire3. Lancashire †a) West Lancashire,b) Chorley,c) South Ribble,d) Fylde,e) Preston,f) Wyre,g) Lancaster,h) Ribble Valley,i) Pendle,j) Burnley,k) Rossendale,l) Hyndburn
4. Blackpool U.A.
5. Blackburn with Darwen U.A.
Greater Manchester6. Greater Manchester *a) Bolton,b) Bury,c) Manchester,d) Oldham,e) Rochdale,f) Salford,g) Stockport,h) Tameside,i) Trafford,j) Wigan
Liverpool City Region7. Merseyside *a) Knowsley,b) Liverpool,c) St. Helens,d) Sefton,e) Wirral
Cheshire8. Halton U.A.
9. Warrington U.A.
10. Cheshire West and Chester U.A.
11. Cheshire East U.A.
South East
1. Berkshire ‡a) West Berkshire U.A.,b) Reading U.A.,c) Wokingham U.A.,d) Bracknell Forest U.A.,e) Windsor and Maidenhead U.A.,f) Slough U.A.
Buckinghamshire2. Buckinghamshire U.A.
3. Milton Keynes U.A.
East Sussex4. East Sussex †a) Hastings,b) Rother,c) Wealden,d) Eastbourne,e) Lewes
5. Brighton & Hove U.A.
Kent6. Kent †a) Dartford,b) Gravesham,c) Sevenoaks,d) Tonbridge and Malling,e) Tunbridge Wells,f) Maidstone,g) Swale,h) Ashford,i) Folkestone and Hythe,j) Canterbury,k) Dover,l) Thanet
7. Medway U.A.
8. Oxfordshire †a) Oxford,b) Cherwell,c) South Oxfordshire,d) Vale of White Horse, e) West Oxfordshire
9. Surrey †a) Spelthorne,b) Runnymede,c) Surrey Heath,d) Woking,e) Elmbridge,f) Guildford,g) Waverley,h) Mole Valley,i) Epsom and Ewell,j) Reigate and Banstead,k) Tandridge
10. West Sussex †a) Worthing,b) Arun,c) Chichester,d) Horsham,e) Crawley,f) Mid Sussex,g) Adur
Hampshire11. Hampshire †a) Fareham,b) Gosport,c) Winchester,d) Havant,e) East Hampshire,f) Hart,g) Rushmoor,h) Basingstoke and Deane,i) Test Valley,j) Eastleigh,k) New Forest
12. Southampton U.A.
13. Portsmouth U.A.
14. Isle of Wight U.A.
South West
Dorset1. Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole U.A.
2. Dorset U.A.
Somerset3. North Somerset U.A.
4. Somerset U.A.
West of England5. Bath and North East Somerset U.A
6. Bristol U.A.
Gloucestershire7. South Gloucestershire U.A.
8. Gloucestershire †a) Gloucester,b) Tewkesbury,c) Cheltenham,d) Cotswold,e) Stroud,f) Forest of Dean
Wiltshire9. Swindon U.A.
10. Wiltshire U.A.
Devon and TorbayDevon11. Devon †a) Exeter,b) East Devon,c) Mid Devon,d) North Devon,e) Torridge,f) West Devon,g) South Hams,h) Teignbridge
12. Torbay U.A.
13. Plymouth U.A.
Cornwallnone14. Isles of Scillysui generis U.A.
15. Cornwall U.A.
West Midlands
1. Herefordshire U.A.
Shropshire2. Shropshire U.A.
3. Telford and Wrekin U.A.
Staffordshire4. Staffordshire †a) Cannock Chase,b) East Staffordshire,c) Lichfield,d) Newcastle-under-Lyme,e) South Staffordshire,f) Stafford,g) Staffordshire Moorlands,h) Tamworth
5. Stoke-on-Trent U.A.
6. Warwickshire †a) North Warwickshire,b) Nuneaton and Bedworth,c) Rugby,d) Stratford-on-Avon,e) Warwick
West Midlands7. West Midlands *a) Birmingham,b) Coventry,c) Dudley,d) Sandwell,e) Solihull,f) Walsall,g) Wolverhampton
8. Worcestershire †a) Bromsgrove,b) Malvern Hills,c) Redditch,d) Worcester,e) Wychavon,f) Wyre Forest
Yorkshire and the Humber
South Yorkshire1. South Yorkshire *a) Sheffield,b) Rotherham,c) Barnsley,d) Doncaster
West Yorkshire2. West Yorkshire *a) Wakefield,b) Kirklees,c) Calderdale,d) Bradford,e) Leeds
York and North YorkshireNorth Yorkshire
(part only)		3. North Yorkshire U.A.
4. York U.A.
Hull and East YorkshireEast Riding of Yorkshire5. East Riding of Yorkshire U.A.
6. Kingston upon Hull U.A.
Greater Lincolnshire
(part only)		Lincolnshire
(part only)		7. North Lincolnshire U.A.
8. North East Lincolnshire U.A.
  † Two-tiernon-metropolitan county
  ‡ Royal non-metropolitan county
       (no county council)
  Unitary authority district that is not a county
  U.A.Unitary authority area (non-metropolitan county and district)
       (no county council)
   Greater London Authority

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Metropolitan (36);non-metropolitan two-tier (164);unitary authority (62);London borough (32);sui generis (2)
  2. ^abcdefghiAlso a ceremonial county covering a larger area
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrA new district was created, merging previous districts, to form the basis of the unitary authority
  4. ^abcdeAlso a ceremonial county of identical area
  5. ^abmerged intoBournemouth, Christchurch and Poole in 2019

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcJones, B., Kavanagh, D., Moran, M. & Norton, P., Politics UK, (2004), Pearson Longman.
  2. ^abcdefParr, John (17 December 2020)."Local government in England: evolution and long-term trends".Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance: ID 7382–ID 7382.doi:10.5130/cjlg.vi23.7382.ISSN 1836-0394.
  3. ^abAtkinson, H. & Wilks-Heeg, S. (2000).Local Government from Thatcher to Blair. Polity.
  4. ^Collins, S., Colville, I & Pengelly, S., A Guide to the Greater London Authority, (2000), Sweet and Maxwell
  5. ^Powell, A. G. (1978)."Strategies for the English Regions: Ten Years of Evolution".The Town Planning Review.49 (1):5–13.ISSN 0041-0020.
  6. ^"Mid-Year Population Estimates, United Kingdom, June 2024".Office for National Statistics. 26 September 2025. Retrieved26 September 2025.
  7. ^"John Denham – Greater Manchester to be country's first ever Combined Authority".The National Archives. The Department of Communities and Local Government. 31 March 2010. Archived fromthe original on 4 May 2010. Retrieved15 November 2015.Historic plans for the country's first ever Combined Authority covering the whole of Greater Manchester to drive locally the region's economic growth were launched by Communities Secretary John Denham today.
  8. ^"Merseyside Councils and Halton 'agree' devolution deal".BBC News. 9 November 2015. Retrieved29 December 2025.
  9. ^Aspects of Britain: Local Government. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1996.
  10. ^ab"Lieutenancies Act 1997". Office of Public Sector Information. 1997. Retrieved8 August 2010.
  11. ^"The Berkshire (Structural Change) Order 1996". National Archives(legislation.gov.uk). 1996. Retrieved13 September 2012.
  12. ^"Greater Manchester (Metropolitan County, North West England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts".www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved10 November 2016.
  13. ^"Greater Manchester (Metropolitan County, North West England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts".www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved10 November 2016.
  14. ^"Greater Manchester (Metropolitan County, North West England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts".www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved10 November 2016.
  15. ^"Greater Manchester (Metropolitan County, North West England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts".www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved10 November 2016.
  16. ^"Greater Manchester (Metropolitan County, North West England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts".www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved10 November 2016.
  17. ^"Greater Manchester (Metropolitan County, North West England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts".www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved10 November 2016.
  18. ^Winstanley, Michael (n.d.)."The Poor Law in Cumbria"(PDF).Cumbria County History Trust. Cumbria County History Trust. Retrieved29 December 2025.
  19. ^abTravers, T., The Politics of London, (2004), Palgrave
  20. ^"Local Government Act 1972". Office of Public Sector Information. 1972. Retrieved9 August 2010.
  21. ^"Education and Learning". Council of the Isles of Scilly. Archived fromthe original on 4 June 2009. Retrieved9 August 2010.
  22. ^"About Us". Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Primary Care Trust. Retrieved9 August 2010.
  23. ^"The Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Enterprise Partnership". Cornwall Council. 30 July 2010. Retrieved9 August 2010.
  24. ^Hebbert, Michael (1998).London: More by fortune than design. John Wiley & Sons.
  25. ^"Queen's Park parish council gets go-ahead".BBC News London. 29 May 2012. Retrieved2 August 2014.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toSubdivisions of England.
Region
County
District andcivil parish
Local government in the United Kingdom
Local government in England
Local government in Northern Ireland
Local government in Scotland
Local government in Wales
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subdivisions_of_England&oldid=1330442453"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2026 Movatter.jp