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Stylemys

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Genus of turtles

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Stylemys Temporal range: lateEocene to earlyOligocene

Skeleton
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Testudinidae
Genus:	†Stylemys Leidy 1851

Stylemys (meaning "pillar turtle") is the firstfossil genus of dry landtortoise belonging to the orderTestudines discovered in theUnited States. The genus lived in temperate to subtropical areas of North America,Europe, andAsia, based on fossil distribution.^[1] The genus was first described in 1851 byJoseph Leidy.^[2] The tortoise was common in theprehistoric Badlands, especiallyNebraska andSouth Dakota. The species has also been found in the formations in and aroundBadlands National Park. Fossil fragments have also been found in thePalm Park Formation ofNew Mexico.^[3]

The ancient tortoises had primitivejaw muscles, unlike today's tortoises, which also display theos transiliens bone, and would have beenherbivorous. WhileStylemys species did exhibit the same neck structure as modern tortoises, the forelimbs were unsuitable for burrowing, setting them apart from modern genera.

Depiction ofStylemys alongsideMegacerops &*Hyaenodon*, byCharles R. Knight from 1931

Species

[edit]

A number of species have been described since the genus was named in 1851.^[4]

S. botti
S. calaverensis
S. canetotiana
S. capax
S. conspecta
S. copei
S. emiliae
S. frizaciana
S. karakolensis
S. nebrascensis (syn.S. amphithorax)
S. neglectus
S. oregonensis
S. pygmea
S. uintensis
S. undabuna

Stylemys conspecta fromTertiary inOregon
Stylemys nebrascensis shell at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin

References

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^Auffenberg, Walter (1964). "A Redefinition of the Fossil Tortoise GenusStylemys Leidy".Journal of Paleontology.38 (2):316–324.JSTOR 1301552.
^Leidy, J. (1851). "Description of Stylemys nebrascensis".Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.5:172–173.
^Lucas, Spencer G.; Williamson, Thomas E. (1993)."Eocene vertebrates and late Laramide stratigraphy of New Mexico".New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin.2:145–157. Retrieved2 August 2020.
^The Paleobiology Database

Garcia, Frank A.; Miller, Donald S.; Burns, Jasper (1998).Discovering Fossils: How to Find and Identify Remains of the Prehistoric Past. Fossils & Dinosaurs.ISBN 0-8117-2800-5.
Case, Gerard Ramon (1992).A Pictorial Guide to Fossils. Krieger Publishing Company.ISBN 0-89464-678-8.
https://web.archive.org/web/20080521150612/http://cumuseum.colorado.edu/Research/Objects/jun06_tortoise.html
http://www.paleoclones.com/item.php?item=929
nps.gov

Taxon identifiers
Stylemys	Wikidata:Q7629449 Wikispecies:Stylemys EoL:4521882 GBIF:4818739 IRMNG:1414312 Open Tree of Life:3606332 Paleobiology Database:37743

Tortoise family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Subclass:Anapsida
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Testudinoidea
Family:Testudinidae

Genera

Species of thetortoise family

Agrionemys

Russian tortoise

Angulate tortoise

†Hadrianus

†Hesperotestudo percrassa

Pancake tortoise

Leopard tortoise

†Stylemys

Testudo

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. Key: †=extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

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