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Studios Hergé

Company type	Comics studio
Founded	1950
Founder	Hergé
Defunct	1986
Successor	Moulinsart S.A. (nowTintinImanigatio S.A.)
Headquarters	Belgium
Key people	Former: Jacques Martin Bob de Moor Roger Leloup
Products	The Adventures of Tintin

TheStudios Hergé (French pronunciation:[stydjoɛʁʒe]) were, between 1950 and 1986, aSARL company consisting of Belgian cartoonistHergé and his collaborators, who assisted him with the creation ofThe Adventures of Tintin and derived products. Over the years, the studios had between 12 and 50 employees, including some prestigious artists likeJacques Martin,Bob de Moor andRoger Leloup.

Every creation produced by the studios was attributed to Hergé alone, except for three albums ofQuick & Flupke which are attributed to Studios Hergé on the cover.

In 1987, the Studios were disbanded and transformed into theHergé Foundation by Fanny Rodwell, a former colourist at the Studios and Hergé's widow.

The Studios Hergé were created by Hergé in 1950 to assist him with the production ofThe Adventures of Tintin. They permitted him to focus on the creation of new stories by handing over some aspects of the artwork, particularly the colouring, which Hergé had never really mastered and which in the 1940s was done byEdgar Pierre Jacobs, and the drawing of decors. Technical elements required much documentation and a specific drawing technique, making such assistance worthwhile. The Studios were created when Hergé worked onDestination Moon, an adventure permeated by technology.

The influence of some studio members on the stories is also present. For example, Jacques Martin claims to have introduced a number ofburlesque gags that don't correspond to Hergés style of humour.

An anecdote well known among tintinophiles is indicative of the atmosphere in the Studios in those years. When Hergé was on a holiday in December 1965, the two main collaborators, Bob de Moor and Jacques Martin, created a fakeTintin page, completely in the style of the master, which they sent to the Swiss weekly magazineL'Illustré. It was published there as an installment of the nextTintin adventure.

Jacques Martin: "I first invented a short story, and then composed the page and placed the characters. Next, Bob de Moor completed the backgrounds, which I had sketched, and we both inked the page: he did the backgrounds, I did the characters.^[1][2]

Apparently, Hergé didn't react immediately upon discovering this, but probably preferred let matters stand as they were with this joke, which, according to some,^[3] was a true indication of the state of mind of the collaborators who wanted to be more involved in the creation of the adventures ofTintin.

The gag page depicts an airport scene comparable to some sequences inDestination Moon andThe Calculus Affair, actually closely resembles a page by Hergé, with only some tintinophiles able to spot some typical style elements of De Moor and Martin. The page can be seen atTintin est Vivant !.

After the death of Hergé in 1983, his widowFanny Remi, who started working with the studios as a colorist in 1956, inherited the rights to the works of the author, but not the rights to the derived works, which belonged to Hergé's friendAlain Baran of the companyTintin Licensing, who later sold the rights to the television channelCanal+.

Fanny followed the wishes of Hergé. who didn't wantThe Adventures of Tintin to be continued after his death. Some doubt exists aboutTintin and Alph-Art, however, left unfinished by Hergé at his death and at first handed over to the Studios to be finished by De Moor. Fanny Remi then changed her mind and decided to publish just the sketches by Hergé, to the disappointment of De Moor.

There is also some hesitation aboutQuick & Flupke. Less popular thanTintin, Hergé had not left any clear instructions about a continuation of the series. Perhaps more to keep the Studios running than for a truly artistic reason, Fanny accepted the proposal ofJohan De Moor, son of Bob and recent arrival in the Studios, to restart the series. He created an album of new strips while the Studios updated a number of old strips never before published in colour. Three albums appeared in 1985, the only ones to officially credit the Studios Hergé on the cover and inside. Fanny then announced that the series would end there and that the Studios would be closed.

The activities of the Studios ceased soon thereafter, but not before finishing some projects of derived products and publicity work. In 1986, the Studios Hergé were replaced by theHergé Foundation, solely occupied with the rights of the series.

In 1988, the giantfresco inStokkel/Stockel metro station was inaugurated, based on sketches by Hergé, which were finished by the Studios.

This non-exhaustive list features the principal members only.

• Bob de Moor (1950–1986)

  He entered the Studios Hergé on 5 April 1950, and soon became the first assistant, a position held byEdgar P. Jacobs in the previous decade. Reputed for his perfect imitation of the style of Hergé, he supervised the totality of the album production together with Hergé. He was also charged with the creation of all derived products featuring the heads of Tintin or Snowy.

• Jacques Martin (1947?–1972)

  Creator ofAlix, close to Hergé, he joined the Studios mainly as an assistant to the stories, starting withThe Calculus Affair. He worked with Hergé until 1972, notably onThe Red Sea Sharks andTintin in Tibet

• Roger Leloup (1953–1969)

  Assistant of Jacques Martin for the colours and backgrounds inAlix, he joined the Studios Hergé on 15 February 1953. His main work are the mechanical elements in the drawings, like automobiles. He was the creator of the futuristic jet ofLaszlo Carreidas inFlight 714 to Sydney. He was also responsible for the public relations of Hergé. He left the Studios on 31 December 1969 to work exclusively on his own series,Yoko Tsuno.

• Michel Demarets (1953–1986)
• Jo-El Azara (1954–1961)
• Guy Dessicy (1950–1953), creator of thePubliart company
• Johan De Moor

  The son of Bob De Moor arrived at the Studios only a short time before the death of Hergé, and was mainly active afterwards, with the new version ofQuick & Flupke.

• Pierre Gay (1984–1986)

  A young cartoonist hired 13 months after Hergé's death as an assistant to Bob De Moor. He was the last cartoonist to be hired by the Studios Hergé.

• Josette Baujot

  Main colorist. Her rather stormy character was caricatured inTintin and Alph-Art with the character Josette Laijot.

• Monique Laurent
• France Ferrari
• Nicole Thenen
• Fanny Vlamynck

  Became the second wife of Hergé and inherited the rights to his works after his death. Presides over the Hergé Foundation since 1986. Remarried later toNick Rodwell.

• Marcel Dehaye
• Baudouin van den Branden

All works realised under the name of Hergé since 1950 can be considered as works of the Studios. This is a non-exhaustive list of those works where the Studios played a major role, either by colouring, drawing of backgrounds, or by completely replacing Hergé. However, it is difficult to correctly judge the role of the contributors, as Hergé and, later, his rights-holders minimized their work. There is debate over a number of albums, mainlyTintin and the Picaros and the third version ofThe Black Island, where some believe that Bob De Moor completely redrew the entire album. With theJo, Zette and Jocko adventureThe Valley of the Cobras, Jacques Martin is sometimes said to have drawn the whole of the album.

1. Destination Moon (1953)
2. Explorers on the Moon (1954)
3. The Calculus Affair (1956)
4. The Red Sea Sharks (1958)
5. Tintin in Tibet (1960)
6. The Castafiore Emerald (1963)
7. Flight 714 to Sydney (1968)
8. Tintin and the Picaros (1976)

• Cigars of the Pharaoh (1955)
• The Black Island (1966)

  This is the third version of this album, requested by the British publisher ofTintin who wanted a more realistic representation of the country. Bob De Moor visited the country extensively and redrew most of the book.

• Land of Black Gold (1971)

  Some scenes rewritten by Hergé and redrawn by Bob De Moor.

• Sixpop-up books,Pop-Hop, published byHallmark between 1969 and 1971.

  Realised by Michel Demarets, based on existing stories.

• Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (1972), adaptation of the animated movie.

  Two versions were created, one with images from the movie, the other one as a redrawn comic strip. The first was published as a book byCasterman, the second was published in a number of Belgian and French newspapers.

• Two booksJouons avec Tintin are combined and published in English asThe Tintin Games Book (1974).

  Also realised by Michel Demarets based on the albums by Hergé.

• Les Gorilles de la Vedette (Tintin) (1985)

  Two pages drawn by Bob de Moor, published inSuper Tintin n°28, with the Thompson Twins as stars.

• The 60th and last page ofRécit Spatio-Temporel by the artists of the weeklyTintin magazine, as usual by Bob de Moor, in theTintin magazine n°23 of 1986
• Les Magiciens d'Eau (1987)

  One page drawn by Bob de Moor for theFondation Balavoine, published in the book with the same title

• Les Aventures de la2 CV et de l'Homme des Neiges (engl.:The adventures of theCitroën 2CV6 and The Arctic Snowman, 1987)

  Eight pages, publicity forCitroën.

• Les Aventures de la2 CV et de la Grotte Hantée (1988)

  Eight pages, publicity forCitroën.

• Jeux interdits (1985)
• Tout va bien (1985)

• Haute tension (1985)

  Johan De Moor with ideas byRoger Ferrari

• La Vallée des Cobras (1956)

• Un bienfait ne reste jamais impuni, 1 page,(À Suivre...), Hors Série Spécial Hergé, April 1983
• De la Planche aux planches, 1 page,Tintin magazine n°43, 1986 (Barelli meets Hergé)

• Tintin and the Temple of the Sun (1969) byEddie Lateste. Animated movie byBelvision Studios.
• Tintin and the Lake of Sharks (1972) byRaymond Leblanc. Animated movie by Belvision, story byGreg.
• Quick & Flupke (1985). Series of short animations byJohan De Moor.

• The Adventures of Tintin
• Comics studios
• Hergé
• Belgian companies established in 1950
• Companies disestablished in 1987
• Mass media companies established in 1950
• Mass media companies disestablished in 1987

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