The name "Ghibli" was chosen by Miyazaki from theItalian nounghibli (also used in English), the nickname of Italy's Saharan scouting planeCaproni Ca.309, in turn derived from theItalianization of theLibyan Arabic name for ahot desert wind (قبليqibliyy). The name was chosen by Miyazaki due to his passion foraircraft and for the idea that the studio would "blow a new wind through the anime industry".[11][12] Although the Italian word would be more accuratelytransliterated as "Giburi" (ギブリ), with ahard g sound, the studio's name is written in Japanese asJiburi (ジブリ;[dʑiꜜbɯɾi]ⓘ).[11]
The studio was founded after the success of the 1984 filmNausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. Suzuki was part of the film's production team, and founded Studio Ghibli with Miyazaki, who also invited Takahata to join them.[14][15][16]
The studio has mainly produced films by Miyazaki, with the second most prolific director being Takahata (most notably withGrave of the Fireflies). Other directors who have worked with Studio Ghibli includeYoshifumi Kondō,Hiroyuki Morita,Gorō Miyazaki, andHiromasa Yonebayashi. ComposerJoe Hisaishi has provided the soundtracks for most of Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli films. In their bookAnime Classics Zettai!, Brian Camp and Julie Davis made note ofMichiyo Yasuda as "a mainstay of Studio Ghibli's extraordinary design and production team".[17] At one time, the studio was based inKichijōji,Musashino, Tokyo.[18]
In August 1996,The Walt Disney Company and Tokuma Shoten formed a partnership whereinWalt Disney Studios would be the sole international distributor for Tokuma Shoten's Studio Ghibli animated films.[19] Under this agreement, Disney also agreed to finance 10% of the studio's production costs.[20] Since then, all three of the aforementioned films by Miyazaki at Studio Ghibli that were previously dubbed by Streamline Pictures have been re-dubbed by Disney.[21] On June 1, 1997, Tokuma Shoten Publishing consolidated its media operations by merging Studio Ghibli, Tokuma Shoten Intermedia software and Tokuma International under one location.[22]
Over the years, there has been a close relationship between Studio Ghibli and the magazineAnimage, which regularly runs exclusive articles on the studio and its members in a section titled "Ghibli Notes". Artwork from Ghibli's films and other works are frequently featured on the cover of the magazine.Saeko Himuro's novelUmi ga Kikoeru was serialised in the magazine and subsequently adapted intoOcean Waves, Studio Ghibli's first animated feature-length film created for television. It was directed byTomomi Mochizuki.[23]
In October 2001, theGhibli Museum opened inMitaka, Tokyo.[24] It contains exhibits based on Studio Ghibli films and shows animations, including a number of short Studio Ghibli films not available elsewhere.
The studio is also known for its strict "no-edits" policy in licensing their films abroad due toNausicaä of the Valley of the Wind beingheavily edited for the film's release in the United States asWarriors of the Wind.[25][26]
Between 1999 and 2005, Studio Ghibli was a subsidiary brand ofTokuma Shoten; however, that partnership ended in April 2005, when Studio Ghibli was spun off from Tokuma Shoten and was re-established as anindependent company with relocated headquarters.[27] In 2004, Studio Ghibli was presented with a SpecialGolden Osella forHowl's Moving Castle, marking the only occasion that the award was given to a production studio.[28]
On February 1, 2008, Toshio Suzuki stepped down from the position of Studio Ghibli president, which he had held since 2005, andKoji Hoshino (former president of Walt Disney Japan) took over. Suzuki said he wanted to improve films with his own hands as a producer, rather than demanding this from his employees. Suzuki decided to hand over the presidency to Hoshino because Hoshino has helped Studio Ghibli to sell its videos since 1996 and has also aided the release of thePrincess Mononoke film in the United States.[29] Suzuki still serves on the company's board of directors.[30]
On Sunday, September 1, 2013, Hayao Miyazaki held a press conference in Venice to confirm his retirement, saying: "I know I've said I would retire many times in the past. Many of you must think, 'Once again.' But this time I am quite serious."[32]
In 2013, a documentary directed by Mami Sunada calledThe Kingdom of Dreams and Madness (Japanese:夢と狂気の王国,Hepburn:Yume to kyōki no ōkoku) was created delving into the lives of those working at Studio Ghibli and the productions of the animated filmsThe Wind Rises andThe Tale of the Princess Kaguya, including storyboard sketching, inking, painting, and voice actor selection for the films.[33]
In March 2014,Toshio Suzuki retired as producer and assumed the new position of general manager. Yoshiaki Nishimura replaced Suzuki in the producer role.[36]
On August 3, 2014, Toshio Suzuki announced that Studio Ghibli would take a "brief pause" to re-evaluate and restructure in the wake of Miyazaki's retirement. He stated some concerns about where the company would go in the future.[37][38][39][40] This led to speculation that Studio Ghibli will never produce another feature film again. On November 7, 2014, Miyazaki stated, "That was not my intention, though. All I did was announce that I would be retiring and not making any more features."[41] Lead producerYoshiaki Nishimura among several other staffers from Ghibli, such as directorHiromasa Yonebayashi, left to foundStudio Ponoc in April 2015, working on the filmMary and the Witch's Flower.[42]
In February 2017, Toshio Suzuki announced that Hayao Miyazaki had come out of retirement to direct a new feature film with Studio Ghibli.[44]
On November 28, 2017, Koji Hoshino stepped down as president; he was replaced by Kiyofumi Nakajima (former Ghibli Museum director). Hoshino was then appointed as Chairman of Studio Ghibli.[45][46]
In May 2020, Toshio Suzuki confirmed that a new film from Gorō Miyazaki is in development at Studio Ghibli. On June 3, 2020, Studio Ghibli announced that the film would be an adaptation of the novelEarwig and the Witch byDiana Wynne Jones. The film was announced as the first full3D CG animated Ghibli film and slated for a television premiere onNHK in late 2020.[47] The company had a net income of¥1.253 billion, and a total asset worth¥24.521 billion by August 2021.[48]
On November 1, 2022, the Studio Ghibli themed amusement parkGhibli Park opened.[49]
On April 4, 2023, Koji Hoshino announced that he had stepped down as chairman, and would serve as a representative director before planning to exit Studio Ghibli completely during the company's annual general shareholder's meeting in June, one month prior to the release of director Hayao Miyazaki's final movieThe Boy and the Heron on July 14.[50] He also announced that Toshio Suzuki would be replacing Kiyofumi Nakajima as president of Studio Ghibli, assuming the role for the first time since 2008, while Nakajima would continue to serve as a director.[51] This change of management came about amidst reports that Suzuki had allegedly been mismanaging company funds by directing them towards his girlfriend's failed business ventures. This reportedly created tension between Suzuki and Hoshino, with the latter reportedly citing it as a long-term internal problem at the company since the couple met in 2013 and was the reason for his planned departure from the company, although a spokesperson for Studio Ghibli in a statement toVariety denied that Hoshino's departure had anything to do with these reports.[52][53][50] The source of the allegations came from the tabloid paper,Shūkan Josei and was not corroborated by the mainstream media in Japan.[54]
In October 2023, the studio became a subsidiary ofNippon Television Holdings, Inc. Studio Ghibli's leadership transitioned toHiroyuki Fukuda, a senior executive at NTV. Toshio Suzuki became chairman and Hayao Miyazaki became Honorary Chairman. Nippon TV acquired a 42.3% stake in Studio Ghibli. The decision was driven by the advanced ages of Miyazaki and Suzuki, aged 82 and 75, respectively. The studio had considered Miyazaki's son, Goro Miyazaki, as a successor but opted for external leadership due to concerns and Goro's reluctance. NTV started to handle management, allowing Studio Ghibli to focus on creative endeavors.[55][56] The takeover took effect on October 6.[57]
For home media, a majority of Studio Ghibli releases are distributed byWalt Disney Studios Japan.[60]Pony Canyon occasionally releases Ghibli documentaries on home media, and distributes rental versions of Ghibli's movies under a deal with Disney.[citation needed] Pony Canyon also fully distributed the standalone version ofEarwig and the Witch on home media.[citation needed]
Before the Disney deal, Tokuma Shoten released Ghibli movies themselves through their "Animage Video" imprint, as well as allLaserDisc releases of the movies, as the Disney deal did not include that format.
After purchasing the global distribution rights from World Film Corporation,[61]Manson International and Showmen, Inc. produced a 95-minute English dub ofNausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, titledWarriors of the Wind,[62] which was released theatrically in the United States byNew World Pictures on June 14, 1985, followed by a VHS release in December 1985.[63][64] The voice actors and actresses were not credited, and the film washeavily edited to give it a faster pace.[65] The film received a PG rating just like Disney's later English dub.[66] By removing several of the longer dialogue scenes, some of the environmentalist themes were simplified as was the main subplot of the Ohmu, altered to remove Nausicaä's childhood connection to them.[67] Most of the characters' names were changed, including the titular character who became Princess Zandra. The North American poster and VHS cover featured a cadre of male characters who are not in the film, riding the resurrected Giant Warrior—including a still-living Warrior shown briefly in a flashback. Overall, approximately 22 minutes was cut for North American release.[66]Warriors of the Wind also prompted Miyazaki to allow translatorToren Smith ofStudio Proteus to create an official, faithful translation of theNausicaä manga forViz Media.[68]
In the late 1980s, an English dub ofCastle in the Sky was produced for internationalJapan Airlines flights at the request of Tokuma Shoten. TheCastle dub was briefly screened in the United States byStreamline Pictures.Carl Macek, the head of Streamline, was disappointed with this dub, deeming it "adequate, but clumsy".[69] Following this, Tokuma allowed Streamline to dub their future acquisitionsMy Neighbor Totoro andKiki's Delivery Service. In April 1993,Troma Films, under their 50th St. Films banner, distributed theTotoro dub as a theatrical release, and the dub was later released on both VHS and DVD by20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. In the early 1990s, an English dub ofPorco Rosso was produced by Ward Sexton in Japan, again for international Japan Airlines flights.[70][71] The original dubs can be seen on the 1996 Ghibli ga Ippai Laserdisc set, the initial copies for the Japanese DVD releases ofTotoro,Laputa andPorco, and Fox's VHS and DVD releases ofTotoro.
In 1996, after careful negotiations with major film studios, which includedWarner Bros. and20th Century Fox,[72]Walt Disney Studios acquired worldwide distribution rights to the Studio Ghibli library, with Disney redubbing all previously dubbed films.[19][73] In addition, Walt Disney Studios Japan agreed to contribute 10% of the funding for all future releases, starting withMy Neighbors the Yamadas, in exchange forright of first refusal regarding international distribution.[20] Disney continues with this practice to this day, even extending it to the works ofStudio Ponoc and to co-productions likeThe Red Turtle in Japan. It reportedly took four years for Disney and Studio Ghibli to reach a distribution deal. Originally, the Ghibli films were meant to headline a line of videos calledAnimation Celebration, highlighting critically acclaimed animated films from around the world. These plans never materialized in full, but theAnimation Celebration logo can be seen on Disney's original VHS release ofKiki's Delivery Service. During Disney's tenure, the studio produced the English dubs and released 15 of Ghibli's films, plusNausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, through theWalt Disney Pictures,Buena Vista Home Video,Miramax (now-owned byParamount) andTouchstone Pictures banners.[74]
Disney and Ghibli have also selectively chosen not to promote and record an English-dubbed version for films and works deemed less internationally marketable, including some of Takahata's more developmental and obscure pieces.[75] Although the Studio has a "No cuts" policy in terms of international versions and dubs, this does not apply to promotional materials, such as posters, for which the filmmakers collaborate with Disney to produce cultural appropriate international versions. The Studio has not shied away from rebranding on the international stage in order to convey tweaked promotional imagery for different cultural norms. One example of these tweaks to international promotional materials can be seen between the Japanese and English versions of the movie poster forSpirited Away (2001). For American and other English-speaking audiences, the name of the film was changed from the Japanese version, which directly translates roughly to, "The Disappearance of Chihiro and Sen", toSpirited Away to suggest more mystical, otherworldly themes, since the direct Japanese translation could be taken to mean that Chihiro/Sen disappeared due to some more dangerous reason. On the American movie poster, more pictures of spirits from the film were added to the background to further pique the viewer's interest with more supernatural themes, creating an association between the film's spirits and what most American people would think of as "ghosts". For the Japanese poster, there are fewer spirits as the Japanese Shinto religion normalizes the existence of spirits, so less emphasis is needed to convey the importance of non-human spirits. Also, Disney enlarged the "Studio Ghibli" and "Hayao Miyazaki" labels on the poster, helping to bring greater awareness to the studio through the success ofSpirited Away.[76]
In 2011,GKIDS acquired the North American theatrical distribution rights of the aforementioned Ghibli films, withWalt Disney Studios Home Entertainment retaining the home video rights.[77] Afterwards, in 2013, GKIDS acquired the US and Canadian distribution rights toFrom Up on Poppy Hill. The film, which Disney passed on to GKIDS due to dealing with potential incest, marked the first time since 1996 that Disney handed a Studio Ghibli film off to another distributor. Afterwards, GKIDS would go on to distribute the films Disney found to be too mature or unmarketable for American audiences:Only Yesterday,Ocean Waves,The Tale of the Princess Kaguya andWhen Marnie Was There. In July 2017, Disney relinquished its home video rights (with the exception ofThe Wind Rises, which remained with Disney until 2020 due to a distribution clause) to GKIDS, which handles all theatrical and home media distribution of Ghibli films in North America along withMary and the Witch's Flower.[73] Nevertheless, Disney still continues to handle select distribution in Japan (home media), Taiwan and China (both underBuena Vista International brand).
GKIDS' home media releases have been handled by multiple distributors.Cinedigm distributed the home media release ofPoppy Hill,Universal Pictures Home Entertainment distributed the home media releases ofKaguya,Marnie,Mary,Yesterday andWaves, andShout! Factory all subsequent releases thus far. The Ghibli films owned by GKIDS were made available for digital purchases on most major services in the United States and Canada on December 17, 2019, through Shout! Factory.[78]
Outside Asia (including Japan) and North America since 2003, Goodfellas (a former subsidiary ofWild Bunch, formerly known as Wild Bunch International) has been Studio Ghibli's international sales holder.[79]
Disney formerly held international sales rights until they were sold off to Goodfellas (then Wild Bunch) in 2003. Disney kept the French distribution rights to Ghibli's library until September 2020, when it had expired and transitioned off to Wild Bunch.[86] Since 2021,Warner Bros. Home Entertainment serves as the home media distributor of Studio Ghibli's catalog via its distribution deal with Wild Bunch through the Wild Side Vidéo label.[87][88][89]
Prior to 2019, Studio Ghibli opted not to make its films available digitally, feeling that physical media and theatrical events likeGKIDS'Studio Ghibli Fest would work more towards their goal of mindful care and curation for their films. Disney had previously lobbied for a streaming deal with Ghibli during their distribution tenure, but such attempts were never materialized.[74] The studio heads changed their minds after hearing a quote from American actor and directorWoody Allen about how there should be multiple outlets for feature films.[90]
On October 17, 2019,Warner Bros. Discovery'sHBO Max announced it had acquired exclusive streaming rights to Studio Ghibli's catalogue in the United States as part of a deal withGKIDS; these films were available when the service launched in May 2020.[91] On January 20, 2020, it was announced thatNetflix acquired the exclusive streaming rights to this catalogue in all regions where it operates except for the United States (in which Netflix does have streaming rights toThe Castle of Cagliostro andMary and the Witch's Flower), as part of a deal with Ghibli's international sales rights partnerWild Bunch. Seven of twenty-one films in the studio's catalogue were released on February 1, 2020, with the others following on March 1 and April 1.[92] Netflix then struck a separate deal with GKIDS for streaming rights in Canada which was announced on June 22, and came into effect on June 25 for most films.[93] As of 2024, no streaming rights deals have yet been announced for Studio Ghibli's home country of Japan, nor for markets such as China where neither Netflix nor HBO Max is available.
Most of the above deals excludeGrave of the Fireflies; unlike most of the other films, which were published byTokuma Shoten,Grave of the Fireflies was produced and is owned byShinchosha, which also had published the short story it was based on, and as such, fell into different rights holdings.[78] It was released in Japan onVHS by Buena Vista Home Entertainment under theGhibli ga Ippai Collection on August 7, 1998. On July 29, 2005, aDVD release was distributed throughWarner Home Video. Walt Disney Studios Japan released the complete collector's edition DVD on August 6, 2008. Walt Disney Studios Japan released the film onBlu-ray twice on July 18, 2012: one as a single release, and one in a two-film set withMy Neighbor Totoro.[citation needed]StudioCanal released a Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on July 1, 2013.[94]Madman Entertainment released the film in Australia and New Zealand.[95]
It was released on VHS in North America byCentral Park Media in a subtitled form on June 2, 1993.[96] They later released the film with an English dub on VHS on September 1, 1998 (the same day Disney releasedKiki's Delivery Service in North America) and an all-Regions DVD (which also included the original Japanese with English subtitles) on October 7 the same year. It was later released on a two-disc DVD set (which once again included both the English dub and the original Japanese with English subtitles as well as the film's storyboards with the second disc containing more extensive Bonus Features) on October 8, 2002. It was released by Central Park Media one last time on December 7, 2004. Following the May 2009 bankruptcy and liquidation of Central Park Media,[97]ADV Films re-acquired the rights to the film from Central Park Media and re-released on DVD on July 7, 2009.[98] Following the September 1, 2009 shutdown and re-branding of ADV,[99] their successor,Sentai Filmworks, rescued the film and released a remastered DVD on March 6, 2012.[100][101] ABlu-ray edition was released on November 20, 2012, featuring an all-new English dub produced bySeraphim Digital, along with a digital release that same year.[102]Netflix acquired the distribution rights to the film in 2024 and began featuring it for digital streaming outside of Japan on September 16, 2024.[103] GKIDS re-acquired the rights to the film from Sentai Filmworks and re-released on Blu-ray and DVD on July 8, 2025, under a new deal with Studio Ghibli (which has the original Japanese version and the 1998 and 2012 English dubs).[104] In August 2025,Anime Limited acquired the British and Irish distribution rights to the films following the expiration of the StudioCanal deal, and announced they would re-release the film theatrically and on Blu-Ray in 2026.[105]
Studio Ghibli films are mostly hand-drawn using rich watercolor and acrylic paints. The films usetraditional methods of making animation where every frame is drawn and colored by hand. Computer animation techniques are used sparingly.[106] All the Studio Ghibli films use bright colors,[107][108] and have a "whimsical and joyful aesthetic".[109] Studio Ghibli's art style tends to be more of a cozy European style that put a lot of undertones on the background and nature in the scene.[110] A notable exception isThe Tale of the Princess Kaguya, directed by Takahata, which departs from Ghibli's typical style by employing a soft watercolor palette and storybook-like aesthetic reminiscent of Japanese folk art. This approach aimed to reflect the emotions and inner struggles of the characters and highlight the hand-drawn animation.[111]
The films often focus on the lives of youth, especially school children. Common themes include the risks posed by progress to tradition,[112] environmentalism and the natural world,[112][109] independent female protagonists,[107] the cost of war, and youth.[108]
Much of Studio Ghibli's music is composed by Joe Hisaishi, who has worked with Miyazaki on creating the music for his films for over 30 years. He uses storyboard images, provided by Miyazaki, to create animage album,[113] which is then used to build out the final soundtrack for the movie. The music has elements fromBaroquecounterpoint,jazz, andmodal music[114] to create the unique sound that many associate with both Hisaishi and Studio Ghibli. Early on, the music in the films was known for its eclectic, synth sound, before later moving to more motivic and melody-driven music.[115] Especially present in earlier years, the music does not directly relate to the emotions and rhythms happening on screen.[115] Another defining feature is Hisaishi's unique use ofleitmotif, rather than a singular song being associated with one character, the motif is the theme of the film.[116] Hisaishi began using leitmotif in Ghibli films first inHowl's Moving Castle.[115]
^Theatrically released throughSony Pictures Releasing. Until 2019,Madman Entertainment through its former Madman Anime Group division handled distribution of Ghibli's films in Australia and New Zealand.
^Currently, the Encore Films deal only covers current releases where titles are theatrically co-distributed byWarner Bros. Pictures in India as well as key markets in Southeast Asia beginning withThe Boy and the Heron while mm2 handles catalog distribution in Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand (co-distrbuted with Shinesaeng Ad. Venture), Philippines (co-distributed withReality MM Studios), and Cambodia.[85]
^abStudio Ghibli (March 31, 2024).第22期決算公告 [Announcement of the 22nd fiscal period].PR Times (in Japanese).Archived from the original on July 19, 2025. RetrievedJuly 19, 2025.
^abジブリという名前の由来は？ (in Japanese). Archived from the original on July 30, 2013. RetrievedSeptember 3, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^The Birth of Studio Ghibli,Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind DVD, Walt Disney Home Entertainment, 2005.
^"Toshio Suzuki Returns as Studio Ghibli President".Jiji Press English News Service (Press release). Studio Ghibli. April 4, 2023.ProQuest2794953208.
^"The Animerica Interview: Takahata and Nosaka: Two Grave Voices in Animation."Animerica. Volume 2, No. 11. Page 11. Translated byAnimerica from:Takahata, Isao.Eiga o Tsukurinagara, Kangaeta Koto ("Things I Thought While Making Movies")Tokuma Shoten, 1991. Originally published inAnimage, June 1987. This is a translation of a 1987 conversation between Takahata andAkiyuki Nosaka. "Kichijoji is the Tokyo area where "Studio Ghibli," frequent Takahata collaborator Hayao Miyazaki's studio, is located.
^Moon, Kat (July 20, 2021)."How Spirited Away Changed Animation Forever".TIME. RetrievedNovember 11, 2024.Miyazaki was wary of foreign distribution for his films after the director's 1984 movie Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind was infamously edited by Manson International for its U.S. release. A full 22 minutes were cut from the original film, and it was promoted as Warriors of the Wind with posters featuring male characters who do not appear in the movie.
^"Studio Ghibli is back. But Hayao Miyazaki's former colleagues are taking anime in new directions".The Independent. January 16, 2019. RetrievedNovember 13, 2024.The result is Studio Ponoc, which began life in 2015 in Kichijoji, a neighbourhood in western Tokyo that's home to the Ghibli Museum and a major centre for Japanese animation. Despite a tough start – low budgets and a reported staff of "two to three" – Ponoc quickly expanded its workforce to more than 400.
^ab"The Red Turtle: A film by Michael Dudok De Wit"(PDF).Sony Pictures Classics. p. 2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on November 16, 2017. RetrievedAugust 18, 2017.a Why Not Productions – Wild Bunch – Studio Ghibli – CN4 Productions – Arte France Cinema – Belvision Coproduction – with the support of Eurimages – with the participation of Canal+ – Ciné+ – Arte France – Region Poitou-Charentes – Departement de la Charente – Region Wallonne – Fondation Gan pour le cinema – in association with Cinemage 9 – Palatine Etoile 11 – Palatine Etoile 12 – BNP Paribas Fortis Film Finance
^"US theatrical releases in June". Screen International. June 8, 1985. p. 12.New World: "Warriors Of The Wind" (Opens June 14, Florida only)
^"In-Video Feature Chart". Boxoffice. December 1, 1985. p. 13.
^"Manson International arrives at MIFED in a state of change". Screen International. October 27, 1984. p. 220.It was dubbed in the US and shortened from two hours to one and a half hours to quicken the pacing.
^ab"FAQ". Nausicaa.net.Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. RetrievedJune 30, 2008.
^Smith, Toren (January 1, 1995)."Site COMIC BOX"英語圏にも広がる新しい宮崎世代 [The New Miyazaki Generation Spreading Even into English Speaking Countries.].Comic Box (in Japanese) (98). Fusion Products:44–47.Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. RetrievedNovember 19, 2013.
^Macek, Carl."ANN Cast Episode 23".Anime News Network. Event occurs at 48:49.Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. RetrievedJanuary 11, 2014.We didn't dub it. Streamline didn't dub it. And I told the people at Tokuma Shoten that I thought the dubbing was marginal onLaputa and I thought that it could be a better product if they had a better dubbing... To me, there's a certain element of class that you can bring to a project.Laputa is a very classy film, so it required a classy dub and the dub given to that particular film was adequate but clumsy. I didn't like it all... It's not something that I appreciated intellectually as well as aesthetically.
^Reed, Philip J (2020). "In the Mouth of Madness". In Durham, Gabe (ed.).Resident Evil (First ed.). Boss Fight Books.ISBN978-1-940535-25-8. RetrievedMarch 19, 2023.
^Reed, Philip J. (May 18, 2020)."REactors".Noiseless Chatter.Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2024.
Miyazaki, Hayao (2013).続・風の帰る場所 映画監督・宮崎駿はいかに始まり、いかに幕を引いたのか [Where the Wind Returns Continued: How the Director Hayao Miyazaki Started and Ended] (in Japanese).Rockin' On.ISBN978-4-86052-117-2.
Nardi, Dominic J.; Fancher, Keli, eds. (2025).Studio Ghibli Animation as Adaptations: Investigating How the Japanese Animation Powerhouse Reimagines Stories.Bloomsbury Publishing.ISBN979-8-7651-2708-7.
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