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Strident vowel

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by (ary)epiglottal trill

Not to be confused withStridents.

Strident vowel
◌᷽
◌𐞴

Strident vowels (also calledsphincteric orepiglottalized vowels) are stronglypharyngealized vowels accompanied by an(ary)epiglottal trill, with thelarynx being raised and thepharynx constricted.^[1]^[2] Either theepiglottis or thearytenoid cartilages thus vibrate instead of thevocal cords. That is, the epiglottal trill is the voice source for such sounds.

Strident vowels are fairly common inKhoisan languages, which contrasts them with simple pharyngealized vowels. Stridency is used inonomatopoeia inZulu andLamba.^[3] Stridency may be a type ofphonation calledharsh voice. A similar phonation, without the trill, is calledventricular voice; both have been calledpressed voice.^{[citation needed]}Bai, of southernChina, has aregister system that hasallophonic strident and pressed vowels.

Subscript double tilde on the letter⟨a⟩ (⟨a᷽⟩), to represent a strident vowel

There is no official symbol for stridency in theIPA, but a superscript ⟨𐞴⟩ (for avoiced epiglottal trill) is often used.^[4]^[5]^[6] In some literature, a subscript double tilde ⟨◌᷽⟩ (similar to the subscript single tilde ⟨◌̰⟩ used for transcribingcreaky voice) has been used.^[1]

Languages

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These languages use phonemic strident vowels:

Tuu languages
- Taa (SeeTaa vowels)
- ǃKwi (ǃUi)
  - Nǁng (a dialect cluster;moribund)
  - ǀXam (a dialect cluster, including Nǀuusaa) †

References

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^^a ^bLadefoged & Maddieson (1996), pp. 310–313.
^Miller-Ockhuizen (2003), p. 99.
^Doke (1936), p. 440.
^Ladefoged & Maddieson (1990), pp. 109–116.
^Exter (2008), pp. 50–54.
^Esling et al. (2019), pp. 168–169.

Bibliography

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Doke, C. M. (1936). "An outline ofǂKhomani Bushman phonetics".Bantu Studies.10 (1):433–460.doi:10.1080/02561751.1936.9676037.
Esling, John H.; Moisik, Scott R.; Benner, Allison; Crevier-Buchman, Lise (2019).Voice Quality: The Laryngeal Articulator Model.Cambridge University Press.doi:10.1017/9781108696555.ISBN 9781108696555.
Exter, Mats (2008-11-19).Properties of the Anterior and Posterior Click Closures in Nǀuu. Institut für Linguistik (Thesis). Universität zu Köln.
Ladefoged, Peter;Maddieson, Ian (1996).The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell.ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1990)."Vowels of the world's languages".Journal of Phonetics.18 (2):93–122.doi:10.1016/S0095-4470(19)30396-1.ISSN 0095-4470.
Miller-Ockhuizen, Amanda (2003).The phonetics and phonology of gutturals: case study from Juǀʼhoansi. Outstanding dissertations in Linguistics. New York City, NY: Routledge.doi:10.4324/9780203506400.ISBN 978-0-415-86141-0.LCCN 2003046887.
Moisik, Scott; Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa; Esling, John H. (Winter 2012). Loughran, Jenny; McKillen, Alanah (eds.). "The Epilaryngeal Articulator: A New Conceptual Tool for Understanding Lingual-Laryngeal Contrasts".McGill Working Papers in Linguistics.22 (1).McGill University.