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The Philippines has an estimated 250,000street children as of 2021.[1]Street children are defined as those who spend part of their time living in the streets for any reason.[2][3]
Poverty,displacement due to armed conflict, and exposure toclimatic and environmental impacts are key factors that lead to heightened vulnerability and increases in the number of street children.[4][5] In 2015, 31.4% of children in the Philippines lived below the poverty line, with poverty rates for children in theAutonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao being much higher at 63.1%, according to official government estimates.[6] Street children are more likely to live in poverty, be deprived of access to education and other social services, and experience social discrimination.[6] They are also less likely to have access to justice or legal status.[4]
A 1997 study estimated that up to 40% of street children had used drugs in the past. Other reports suggest that 66% to 85% of children had used inhalants, and 3% had usedmarijuana andmethamphetamine (known locally as "shabu").[7]
Many street children were in danger ofsummary execution during theMarcos government era.[8] 39 children inDavao City had been killed byvigilante groups between 2001 and 2005, most after having been released from police detention cells.[9]
Street children are at particular risk ofchild prostitution.[10] and around 60,000 of the 1.5 million street children in the Philippines were involved in prostitution in 1996.[11] Child prostitutes are used by foreign sex tourists and sexual predators, as well as local people. Some are used to filmchild pornography, which is rampant in the Philippines.[12] Many street children are lured into prostitution as a means of survival, while others do it to earn money for their families.[13][further explanation needed] In particular, child prostitution inAngeles City was exacerbated in the 1980s byClark Air Base, where bars employed children who ended up as sex workers for American soldiers.[14]
The Philippines ratified the United NationsConvention on the Rights of the Child on August 21, 1990. It also ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict on August 26, 2003, and the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution, and child pornography on May 28, 2002.[15] The Philippines observes the annual commemoration of the International Day for Street Children on April 12.[16]
Variousnon-government organizations have established charities and shelters, providing counseling, food, clothing and religious instruction in an attempt to help street children, such as theTuloy Foundation.
A Filipino street child,Darwin Ramos, was named aServant of God by theVatican in 2019 for his efforts in caring for his family and his personal relationship with Christ.
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