Born inŠabac, Pavlović started out at local club Savacium. He officially joined the youth system ofPartizan in the summer of 2015. In September 2018, Pavlović signed his first professional contract with the club, agreeing to a three-year deal.[3] He was promoted to the first team by managerZoran Mirković ahead of winter preparations for the second half ofthe season.[4]
On 23 February 2019, Pavlović made his competitive senior debut for the club in a 3–0 home league win overProleter Novi Sad, playing the full 90 minutes and receiving a yellow card in the process.[5] A week later, on 2 March of the same year, Pavlović played his firstEternal derby, and at the time of the match his age was 17 years and 282 days. As in the match of the previous round, Pavlović received a yellow card in that meeting as well. He quickly established himself in the team's starting lineup, collecting 15 official appearances and helping Partizan win the2018–19 Serbian Cup.[6]
At the beginning of the2019–20 season, Pavlović confirmed himself as a first-team regular, forming a central defensive partnership with the experiencedBojan Ostojić. He was reportedly close to signing with Italian clubLazio near the end of the summer transfer window. However, the negotiations failed[7][8] and Pavlović signed a new five-year contract with Partizan.[9] He scored his first career goal in a controversial 2–1 home league loss toVoždovac on 6 October.[10]
On 18 December 2019, it was officially announced that Partizan andMonaco had agreed terms for the transfer of Pavlović over the forthcoming winter transfer window.[11] Pavlović would remain on loan with Partizan until June 2020.[12]
Pavlović's debut for Monaco came on 20 December 2020, as he came on as a late-match substitute in a 1–0 away victory overDijon.[13] On 21 January 2021, he joinedCercle Brugge on loan until the end of the season, having seen limited game time at Monaco due to being the fifth-choice centre-back inNiko Kovač's team.[14]
After making 11 appearances for Monaco in all competitions in the first half of the 2021–22 season, on 16 February 2022 Pavlović was loaned toBasel in Switzerland until the end of the season.[15] Pavlović joined Basel's first team for their2021–22 season under head coachPatrick Rahmen. He played his domestic league debut for the club in the home game in theSt. Jakob-Park on 19 February 2022 as Basel won 3–0 againstLausanne-Sport.[16] During his short loan period with the club, Pavlović played a total of 11 games for Basel without scoring a goal. 10 of these games were in theNationalliga A and the other was a friendly game.[17]
On 1 July 2022,Austrian Bundesliga clubRed Bull Salzburg completed the transfer of Strahinja Pavlović from Monaco for €7.00m. Pavlović made his debut on 15 July in the first round of the2022–23 Austrian Cup, playing all 90 minutes in a 0–3 win against Fuegen.[18]
On 31 July 2024, Pavlović joinedSerie A clubAC Milan for an estimated €18 million fee, on a contract until 30 June 2028.[19][20] He chose 31 as his jersey number, which had once belonged to former Milan defenderJaap Stam, to whom he immediately drew comparisons due to similarities in physique and appearance.[21] Pavlović made his debut on 24 August 2024 in the Rossoneri's 2–1 loss againstParma.[22] He scored his first goal for the club on 31 August in a 2–2 draw againstLazio.[23]
In November 2022, Pavlović was selected in Serbia's squad for the2022 FIFA World Cup.[26] He played in all three group stage matches, againstBrazil,[27]Cameroon,[28] andSwitzerland.[29] He scored a header goal in a group stage match against Cameroon, on assist fromDušan Tadić.[28] Serbia finished fourth in the group.[30]
Pavlović was selected in Serbia's squad for theUEFA Euro 2024, playing in all three group stage matches. Serbia finished fourth in the group and did not advance to the knockout stage.[citation needed]