Inanatomy, astoma (pl.:stomata/ˈstoʊmətə/ orstomas) is any opening in the body. For example, amouth, anose, and ananus are natural stomata. Any holloworgan can be manipulated into an artificial stoma as necessary. This includes theesophagus,stomach,duodenum,ileum,colon,pleural cavity,ureters,urinary bladder, andrenal pelvis. Such a stoma may be permanent or temporary.[citation needed]
Surgical procedures that involve the creation of an artificial stoma have names that typically end with the suffix "-ostomy", and the same names are also often used to refer to the stoma thus created. For example, the word "colostomy" often refers either to an artificial anus or the procedure that creates one. Accordingly, it is not unusual for a stoma to be called anostomy (pluralostomies), as is the norm inwound, ostomy, and continence nursing.
Stomata are created in particular in surgical procedures involving thegastrointestinal tract (GIT) or gastrointestinal system (GIS). The GIT begins at the mouth or oral cavity and continues until its termination, which is the anus. Examples of gastrointestinal stomata include:[citation needed]
One well-known form of an artificial stoma is acolostomy, which is a surgically created opening in thelarge intestine that allows the removal offeces out of the body, bypassing therectum, to drain into apouch or other collection device. Thissurgical procedure is invoked usually as a result of and solution to disease in the GIT. The procedure involves bisecting this tube, usually between the later stage of the small intestine (ileum) and the large intestine orcolon, hence colostomy, and exiting it from the body in the abdominal region. The point of exiting is what is known as the stoma.
For greatest success and to minimize negative effects, it is preferable to perform this procedure as low down in the tract as possible, as this allows the maximal amount of naturaldigestion to occur before eliminatingfecal matter from the body. The stoma is usually covered with a removable pouching system (adhesive or mechanical) that collects and contains the output for later disposal. Modernpouching systems enable most individuals to resume normal activities and lifestyles after surgery, often with no outward physical evidence of the stoma or its pouching system.
When planning the position of the stoma, a stoma nurse should bear in mind the height of the person's waist and beltline so that clothes can fit as before. Also a peri-stomal hernia belt worn from the start can help prevent the stoma from developing a serious hernia problem.
The historical practice oftrepanation was also a type of stoma.
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