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Stock Car Pro Series

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Brazilian motor racing series

Stock Car Pro Series
CategoryTouring car racing
Stock car racing
CountryBrazil
Inaugural season1979
Drivers38 (2023)
Teams16 (2023)
ConstructorsChevrolet
Toyota
Mitsubishi
Tyre suppliersHankook
Drivers' championGabriel Casagrande
Teams' championEurofarma RC
Official websitewww.stockproseries.com.br
Current season
Stock Car Brazil, 2006

TheBRB Stock Car Pro Series, formerly known asStock Car Brasil, is atouring carauto racing series based inBrazil organized by Vicar. It is considered the major Brazilian andSouth American motorsports series.[1] Starting in 1979 withChevrolet as the only constructor, the series has also seen other constructors joining in and leaving such asPeugeot andVolkswagen, currently the only manufacturers are Chevrolet,Mitsubishi andToyota. The competition has seen many internationally famous drivers in its ranks, such asRubens Barrichello,Felipe Massa,Bruno Junqueira,Lucas di Grassi,Nelson Piquet Jr.,Ricardo Zonta andTony Kanaan. The series is named for its current title sponsor,Banco de Brasília.

It began in 1979 as theCampeonato Brasileiro de Stock Cars, created by General Motors as an alternative to the Division 1 series.[2] From 2005 to 2009, a deal withNextel gave the series the title ofCopa Nextel Stock Car.[3] In 2010,Caixa Econômica Federal signed a three-year title sponsorship deal with Vicar, and the series was renamed toCopa Caixa Stock Car until 2012.[4] Despite its prestige in South America as a whole, the series is largely centered in Brazilian circuits, with the vast majority of races occurring in the country. However, in recent years,Uruguay[5][6] andArgentina[7] have both held races.[8]

TheStock Series, formerly known as Stock Car Light, serves as the access category to the Pro Series.[9]

History

[edit]

1970s

[edit]

The series was created in 1979 as an alternative to the former Division 1 championship that competed withChevrolet Opala andFord Maverick. The dominance ofChevrolet overFord models was causing a lack of public interest and sponsors.General Motors then created a new category, with a name reminiscent of the famousNASCAR with standardized performance and components for all competitors. The first race was run on 22 April 1979 at theAutódromo Internacional de Tarumã,Rio Grande do Sul with 19 cars competing, all of them being 6-cylinder Chevrolet Opalas. The pole position was held byJosé Carlos Palhares, and the race was won byAffonso Giaffone.

1980s

[edit]
Chevrolet Opala 1987–1989

This decade saw the emergence of several rivalries between drivers.

The first major change in the Stock Car standard occurred in 1987. With the support of General Motors, a fairing designed and built by coachbuilder Caio was adopted, which was adapted to the Opala's chassis. The car exhibited improved aerodynamics and performance. Safety equipment become more sophisticated.

1990s

[edit]
Chevrolet Opala 1990–1993
Chevrolet Omega 1994–1999

In 1990 General Motors renewed its interest in the category and built a prototype intended to replace the Caio/Hidroplas model.

In 1991 new rules were established and the races were disputed in double rounds on the weekends, with two drivers per car, but the series continued to lose ground with the public, sponsors and television networks to other championships with many manufacturers involved, such asCampeonato Brasileiro de Marcas e Pilotos that included the involvement ofChevrolet,Fiat,Ford andVolkswagen, as well as the always popularFormula racing championships.

In 1994 the championship returned to the old rules and Chevrolet announced that theChevrolet Omega would be introduced as the new standard model. As part of a marketing strategy and in order to reduce costs, the tickets were free and the races were now held in double rounds sponsored by Brazilian Formula Chevrolet in an event calledChevrolet Challenger. This decade marked a dominant era forIngo Hoffmann with eight titles, three in partnership with Ângelo Giombell. His only serious challenges came from Paulo Gomes in 1995 andChico Serra in 1999.

2000s

[edit]
Stock Car in 2007; Chassis used in 2000 until 2008

From 2000 on, General Motors departed the series' management and Vicar Promoções Desportivas, owned by former racing driver Carlos Col, took over the organization. This ushered in a period of modernization and improved security as the category started to use atubular chassis designatedJL G-09. The project engineer was Edgardo Fernandez, who did something similar for the Argentina categoryTop Race V6, inspired by both NASCAR and theDTM. The chassis was built by Zeca Giaffone'sJL Racing.

In 2003 the category replaced the Chevrolet 6-cylinder engine used with modifications since 1979 with a ChevroletV8 imported from theUnited States by JL Racing, similar to the engines used by the NASCAR Busch Series. Despite not managing the series anymore, General Motors still participated in the series with theVectra.

In 2005Mitsubishi entered the series with theMitsubishi Lancer Evolution, marking the first time in the series' history in which Chevrolet was not the sole manufacturer competing. 30 October of that same year marked the first race held inArgentina atAutódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez, alongside theTC 2000 category. Attendance was 70,000. Giuliano Losacco was the winner, with Mateus Greipel second andLuciano Burti coming in third.

In 2006,Volkswagen entered in the series with theBora and the championship adopted a point system similar to the one used in NASCAR, as well as a new system with 16 teams and 32 drivers. At the end of the season, the 10 best drivers were automatically qualified to run the 4 final races, calledSuper Final, similar to theChase for the Sprint Cup.

The 2007 season marked the largest amount of manufacturers competing in the category, with the entrance ofPeugeot and the307 Sedan. The season had the presence of Chevrolet, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, and Volkswagen. Volkswagen announced it was withdrawing from the category in 2008, with two-time champion Mitsubishi doing the same one year later in 2009. In 2008, the championship changed fromPirelli tires toGoodyear.[10][11]

2010s

[edit]
Alceu Feldmann onCampo Grande Speedway with the Chevrolet Vectra, in 2011
Luciano Burti on Campo Grande Speedway with the Peugeot 408, in 2011

In 2010 the category started usingethanol as fuel and engines withelectronic injection, and Caixa signed a title sponsorship deal that lasted until 2012.[4]

In 2011, Peugeot re-entered the championship announced with the408 sedan model, replacing the 307.[12][13] In 2012, Chevrolet introduced theChevrolet Sonic as its competing model, replacing the Vectra.[14] 2012 was also the last season in which Goodyear supplied tires, with Pirelli returning as the sole tire supplier in the championship from 2013 onward.[15] The category announced changes in the championship for the 2012 season, dropping theSuper Final system. The scoring system was also changed, with the top twenty drivers in each race being awarded points.

For the 2016 season, General Motors announced theChevrolet Cruze as the replacement for the Sonic.[16] In 2017, Peugeot announced its withdrawal from the championship, leaving Chevrolet as the sole automaker to compete in the series, making it a one-make championship, with all drivers using Cruze models.[17]

2020s

[edit]
Toyota Corolla of Gianluca Petecof in 2023
Chevrolet Cruze of Daniel Serra in 2024

In 2020,Toyota Gazoo Racing entered alongside Chevrolet, fielding a regulation version of theirToyota Corolla, which received a facelift in 2021.[18][19] The season also saw a return to amonocoque chassis, replacing the tubular chassis used since 2000. On 12 December 2022, Vicar andPirelli announced that they would not be renewing their contract and that from 2023 onward, Stock Car, Stock Series, and the F4 Brazil Championship will be supplied exclusively byHankook.[20][21]

In 2025, the series will switch to aCrossover SUV-based formula.[22] A decision based on Brazilian passenger vehicle sales, theChevrolet Tracker andToyota Corolla Cross will replace the existing cars whilstMitsubishi will return to the category with theEclipse Cross.[23][24]

Special races

[edit]

In 1982, the Stock Car held two non-points races atAutodromo do Estoril in Portugal.

TheCorrida do Milhão (Million Race) was a special race with a prize pool ofR$1 million, held in 2008 and from 2010 to 2020.

TheCorrida de Duplas (Dual Race) was a two-driver race held from 2014 to 2016, and later in 2018 and 2022. Guest drivers includedJacques Villeneuve,Vitantonio Liuzzi,Jaime Alguersuari,Mark Winterbottom,Oliver Jarvis,António Félix da Costa,Álvaro Parente,Filipe Albuquerque,Jeroen Bleekemolen,Maxime Martin,Laurens Vanthoor andNéstor Girolami.

The series has raced at street circuits in Salvador, Ribeirão Preto and currently Belo Horizonte, as was as the Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport. It has also raced multiple times at theAutódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez in Argentina, and once at theAutódromo Víctor Borrat Fabini in Uruguay.

Support series

[edit]

Created in 1992, theBrazilian Formula Chevrolet was the Series' main support category. It used the same chassis as Formula Opel until 1994, subsequently switching to a Techspeed chassis until 2002, which was the same year the category was retired.

TheStock Car Light second tier was created in 1993, and reformulated in 2008 to become theCopa Vicar. After a merger with Pick-up Racing Brasil, theCopa Chevrolet Montana was established and standardized around theChevrolet Montana model. Pick-up Racing Brasil was a category created in 2001 but only became part of the Stock Car Brasil programme until 2006.

TheStock Car Jr. third tier was created in 2006. It was intended for young and amateur drivers moving from Kart racing. In 2010 the category was replaced with theMini Challenge Brasil. After three seasons it was cancelled.

Manufacturer representation

[edit]
Make7980818283848586878889909192939495969798990001020304050607080910111213141516171819202122232425
United StatesChevroletOpalaCaio HidroplasOpala PrototypeOmegaVectraAstraVectraSonicCruzeTracker
JapanMitsubishiLancer EvolutionEclipse Cross
FrancePeugeot307408
GermanyVolkswagenBora
JapanToyotaCorollaCorolla Cross

Scoring systems

[edit]

Prior 2012

[edit]
Pos123456789101112131415
Race252016141210987654321

2012–2013

[edit]
Position1234567891011121314151617181920
Standard2220181716151413121110987654321
Final Round444036343230282624222018161412108642

2014–2015

[edit]

Points were awarded for each race at an event, to the driver/s of a car that completed at least 75% of the race distance and was running at the completion of the race, up to a maximum of 48 points per event.

Points formatPosition
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th
Dual race1211109876543210
Feature races2420181716151413121110987654321
Sprint races15131211109876543210
Final race484036343230282624222018161412108642
  • Dual Race: Used for the first round with Wildcard drivers.
  • Feature races: Used for the first race of each event and the Stock Car Million race.
  • Sprint races: Used for the second race of each event, with partially reversed (top ten) grid.
  • Final race: Used for the last round of the season with double points.

2016

[edit]

Points are awarded for each race at an event to the driver/s of a car that completed at least 75% of the race distance and was running at the completion of the race, up to a maximum of 60 points per event.

Points formatPosition
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th
Dual race6543210
Feature races3025222019181716151413121110987531
Sprint races15131211109876543210
Final race60504440383634323028262422201816141062
  • Dual Race: Used for the first round with Wildcard drivers.
  • Feature races: Used for the first race of each event and theStock Car Million race.
  • Sprint races: Used for the second race of each event, with partially reversed (top ten) grid.
  • Final race: Used for the last round of the season with double points.

2017

[edit]

Points are awarded for each race at an event to the driver/s of a car that completed at least 75% of the race distance and was running at the completion of the race.

Points formatPosition
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th
Feature races3026232119171513121110987654321
Sprint races201816141210876543210
Million race3025222019181716151413121110987531
Final race605246423834302624222018161412108642
  • Feature races: Used for the first race of each event.
  • Sprint races: Used for the second race of each event, with partially reversed (top ten) grid.
  • Million Race: Used for One Million dollars race.
  • Final race: Used for the last round of the season with double points.

2018

[edit]

Points are awarded for each race at an event to the driver/s of a car that completed at least 75% of the race distance and was running at the completion of the race.

Points formatPosition
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th
Feature races30262219171513119754321
First race/Sprint races201714121086543210
Million race35302521181513119754321
Final race60524438343026221814108642
  • Feature races: Used for the first race of each event.
  • First race/Sprint races: Used the first round with wildcards drivers and for the second race of each event, with partially reversed (top ten) grid .
  • Million Race: Used for One Million dollars race.
  • Final race: Used for the last round of the season with double points.

2019–2023

[edit]

Points are awarded for each race at an event to the driver/s of a car that completed at least 75% of the race distance and was running at the completion of the race.

Points formatPosition
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th
Feature races3026221917151413121110987654321
Sprint races2420181716151413121110987654321
Final race605244383430282624222018161412108642
  • Feature races Used for the first race of each event.
  • Sprint races:The second race of each event, with partially reversed (top ten) grid.
  • Final race: Used for the last round of the season with double points.

Since 2024

[edit]
Points formatPosition
1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th21st22nd23rd24th25th26th27th28th29th30thPole
Sprint Race5550464238363432302826242220181614131211109876543212
Main Race80746964595551474340373431282522191715131211109876543

Speed records

[edit]
Bueno after running on the Bonneville Salt Flats
YearDriverCarLocalSpeed
1991Fábio Sotto MayorChevrolet OpalaRodovia Rio-Santos303 km/h / 188 mph
2010Cacá BuenoChevrolet Vectra JL G-09Bonneville Salt Flats[25]345 km/h / 214 mph

Drivers

[edit]

Notable drivers

[edit]
Ingo Hoffmann, 12-time champion
  • Affonso Giaffone Jr. (1979–1980s) – The winner of the first race in 1979, and the champion of the 1981 season. The father ofAffonso Giaffone, a formerIndyCar Series driver.
  • Paulo Gomes (1979–2003/2007) – The winner of the first season in 1979, also 4-time champion.
  • Chico Serra (1999–2009) – 3-time champion (1999, 2000 and 2001)
  • Ingo Hoffmann (1979–2008) – 12-time champion (1980, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 2002) and the driver with the most series wins overall with 77. He competed from 1979 to 2008.
  • Cacá Bueno (2002–) – 5-time Champion: (2006, 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2012). Runner-up: 2003, 2004 and 2005. He is the son of the sports commentatorGalvão Bueno.
  • Daniel Serra (2007–) – 3-time champion (2017, 2018 and 2019), 2-time24 Hours of Le Mans GTE Pro class winner (2017 and 2019) and son ofChico Serra.

Former Formula One drivers

[edit]
Currently in the series
Formerly in the series

Champions

[edit]

All champions are Brazilian-registered.

SeasonDriverCarTeamTyres
1979Minas GeraisPaulo GomesChevrolet OpalaCoca-Cola Brasil/PolwaxP
1980São Paulo (state)Ingo HoffmannChevrolet OpalaEquipe JohnsonP
1981São Paulo (state) Affonso Giaffone Jr.Chevrolet OpalaGiaffone MotorsportP
1982Goiás Olímpio Alencar JuniorChevrolet OpalaSpinelli RacingP
1983Minas GeraisPaulo GomesChevrolet OpalaCoca-Cola Brasil/PolwaxP
1984Minas GeraisPaulo GomesChevrolet OpalaTeam MetalpóP
1985São Paulo (state)Ingo HoffmannChevrolet OpalaJF-Irmãos GiustinoP
1986Goiás Marcos GraciaChevrolet OpalaHavoline-TexacoP
1987São Paulo (state) Zeca GiaffoneChevrolet OpalaGiaffone MotorsportP
1988São Paulo (state) Fábio Sotto MayorChevrolet OpalaCastrol RacingP
1989São Paulo (state)Ingo HoffmannChevrolet OpalaJF-Teba/CofapP
1990São Paulo (state)Ingo HoffmannChevrolet OpalaCastrol RacingP
1991São Paulo (state)Ingo Hoffmann
Ângelo Giombelli
Chevrolet OpalaCastrol RacingP
1992São Paulo (state)Ingo Hoffmann
Ângelo Giombelli
Chevrolet OpalaCastrol RacingP
1993São Paulo (state)Ingo Hoffmann
Ângelo Giombelli
Chevrolet OpalaCastrol RacingP
1994São Paulo (state)Ingo HoffmannChevrolet OmegaCastrol RacingP
1995Minas GeraisPaulo GomesChevrolet OmegaJF-Freio VargasP
1996São Paulo (state)Ingo HoffmannChevrolet OmegaCastrol-Action PowerP
1997São Paulo (state)Ingo HoffmannChevrolet OmegaCastrol-Action PowerP
1998São Paulo (state)Ingo HoffmannChevrolet OmegaCastrol-Action PowerP
1999São Paulo (state)Chico SerraChevrolet OmegaWB-TexacoP
2000São Paulo (state)Chico SerraChevrolet VectraWB-TexacoP
2001São Paulo (state)Chico SerraChevrolet VectraWB-TexacoP
2002São Paulo (state)Ingo HoffmannChevrolet VectraJF-Filipaper RacingP
2003Paraná (state)David MuffatoChevrolet VectraRepsol-BoettgerP
2004São Paulo (state)Giuliano LosaccoChevrolet AstraItuPetro RCP
2005São Paulo (state)Giuliano LosaccoChevrolet AstraMedley-A.MattheisP
2006Rio de Janeiro (state)Cacá BuenoMitsubishi Lancer EvolutionEurofarma RCP
2007Rio de Janeiro (state)Cacá BuenoMitsubishi Lancer EvolutionEurofarma RCP
2008São Paulo (state)Ricardo MaurícioPeugeot 307Medley-WA MattheisG
2009Rio de Janeiro (state)Cacá BuenoPeugeot 307Red Bull RacingG
2010São Paulo (state)Max WilsonChevrolet VectraEurofarma RCG
2011Rio de Janeiro (state)Cacá BuenoPeugeot 408Red Bull RacingG
2012Rio de Janeiro (state)Cacá BuenoChevrolet SonicRed Bull RacingG
2013São Paulo (state)Ricardo MaurícioChevrolet SonicEurofarma RCP
2014São Paulo (state)Rubens BarrichelloChevrolet SonicFull Time SportsP
2015São Paulo (state)Marcos GomesPeugeot 408Voxx RacingP
2016ParáFelipe FragaPeugeot 408Voxx RacingP
2017São Paulo (state)Daniel SerraChevrolet CruzeEurofarma RCP
2018São Paulo (state)Daniel SerraChevrolet CruzeEurofarma RCP
2019São Paulo (state)Daniel SerraChevrolet CruzeEurofarma RCP
2020São Paulo (state)Ricardo MaurícioChevrolet CruzeEurofarma RCP
2021Paraná (state)Gabriel CasagrandeChevrolet CruzeA.Mattheis VogelP
2022São Paulo (state)Rubens BarrichelloToyota CorollaFull Time SportsP
2023Paraná (state)Gabriel CasagrandeChevrolet CruzeA.Mattheis VogelH
2024Paraná (state)Gabriel CasagrandeChevrolet CruzeA.Mattheis VogelH

Circuits

[edit]
Stock Car tracks in 2025

Stock Car races are held mostly onroad courses, although a race was held on astreet circuit inSalvador for the first time in 2009. Along its history, the championship has exclusively run in Brazilian tracks, with the only other South American countries to hold a race beingUruguay andArgentina. The tracks for the 2025 season are:

Former circuits include:

Fatal accidents

[edit]

There have been five fatal accidents:

Video games

[edit]

The first official video game wasGame Stock Car in 2011, with a followup titleStock Car Extreme launched in 2013. Both were developed byReiza Studios.[31]

In 2014, Both the Peugeot 408 and a non-licensed version of the Chevrolet Sonic called "ADC Presteza" were present in the Category A Touring Cars class ofGrid Autosport[32][33]..

Automobilista, released in 2016 and developed byReiza Studios using therFactorengine, featured the full 2015 and 2017 car grids and circuits.[34] Automobilista 2, released in 2020 using theProject CARS engine, adding the 2019 and 2020 cars and circuits.[35][36]

Racing simulatoriRacing has included the Stock Car Pro Series cars in the game since 2022.[37]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The last race in the full course of Interlagos was held in 1989.
  2. ^The last race in the full course of Jacarepaguá was held in 2005.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Morais, Lucas (5 November 2020)."Você conhece a Stock Car Brasil?".Brasil123. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  2. ^Magalhães, Alan (7 December 2022)."Stock Car é homenageada onde tudo começou | Mobilidade Estadão | Stock Car".Mobilidade Estadão. Retrieved27 April 2025.
  3. ^"Copa Nextel com grid máximo de 38 carros".www.f1mania.net (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 December 2006. Retrieved27 April 2025.
  4. ^ab"Caixa é a patrocinadora master da Stock Car".Promoview - Insights sobre Brand Experience e Live Marketing (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 February 2010. Retrieved27 April 2025.
  5. ^COBREQ (23 October 2024)."¡Stock Car en Uruguay! ¡Prepárate para un momento histórico! Por primera vez, se disputará una etapa de Stock Car en un …".Peça Mentor (in Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish). Retrieved28 April 2025.
  6. ^"Stock Car: Enzo Elias brilha no Uruguai e vence pela primeira vez".motorsport.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). 26 October 2024. Retrieved28 April 2025.
  7. ^"Stock Car volta a correr na Argentina, onde só campeões subiram no topo do pódio".ge (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 October 2024. Retrieved28 April 2025.
  8. ^Caramez, João (4 October 2024)."Stock Car terá etapas internacionais com provas na Argentina e Uruguai".GAZ - Notícias de Santa Cruz do Sul e Região (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved28 April 2025.
  9. ^Cerveira, Ana Paula (11 January 2022)."Remodelada, Stock Series vira estágio obrigatório para acesso à Stock Car".Grande Prêmio (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved16 January 2023.
  10. ^"Goodyear leva internautas para etapa da Stock Car".Exame (in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 May 2012. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  11. ^"Goodyear oferece alta tecnologia à Stock Car para maior desempenho em pistas molhadas".Presskit (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved16 January 2023.
  12. ^"Peugeot 408 vai estrear na Stock Car - Revista iCarros".iCarros (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved16 January 2023.
  13. ^Max, Júlio (22 February 2011)."Peugeot 408 ganha carroceria para a Stock Car". Retrieved16 January 2023.
  14. ^"Sonic Sedan é o novo carro de competição da Chevrolet na Stock Car".AUTOO (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 March 2012. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  15. ^"Pirelli fornecerá pneus para a Stock Car a partir de 2013".GZH (in Brazilian Portuguese). 20 December 2012. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  16. ^"Novo Chevrolet Cruze estreia no Brasil com a Stock Car".autoesporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved16 January 2023.
  17. ^"Peugeot abandona a Stock Car".ISTOÉ DINHEIRO (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 February 2017. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  18. ^"O primeiro teste com os novos Corolla e Cruze da Stock Car 2020".motorsport.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved16 January 2023.
  19. ^"Novo Toyota Corolla da Stock Car surge invocado e com V8 de até 550 cv".Quatro Rodas (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved16 January 2023.
  20. ^"Stock Car anuncia fim de parceria com Pirelli".motorsport.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved16 January 2023.
  21. ^"Stock Car: Hankook Tire é a nova fornecedora de pneus".motorsport.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved16 January 2023.
  22. ^"Stock Car com cara nova em 2025: categoria terá carros SUV na pista" (in Portuguese).Grupo Globo. 15 December 2023.
  23. ^"Corrida de SUV? Stock Car aposta em Tracker e Corolla Cross para 2025" (in Portuguese).Forbes Brazil. 21 January 2024.
  24. ^"Mitsubishi retorna à Stock Car após 16 anos com seu SUV" (in Portuguese). Motorshow. 19 April 2024.
  25. ^Cacá Bueno estabelece novo recorde de velocidade da Stock Car: 345 km/h
  26. ^abc"Morte de Rafael é a quarta na Stock Car" (in Portuguese). Globo Esporte. 9 December 2007. Retrieved11 December 2007.
  27. ^"Acidente mata Rafael Sperafico durante prova em Interlagos" (in Portuguese). Folha de S.Paulo. 9 December 2007. Retrieved11 December 2007.
  28. ^"Piloto da Stock Car Light morre em acidente em São Paulo" (in Portuguese). UOL Esporte. 9 December 2007. Retrieved11 December 2007.
  29. ^"Rafael Sperafico loses his life". F1-Live.com. 10 December 2007. Retrieved11 December 2007.
  30. ^Honorio, Rafael (3 April 2011)."Após acidente, Gustavo Sondermann tem morte cerebral confirmada".globoesporte.globo.com (in Portuguese).Organizações Globo. Retrieved4 April 2011.
  31. ^"Stock Car Extreme on Steam".store.steampowered.com. Retrieved7 October 2021.
  32. ^Watton, Neil (3 June 2014)."GRID: Autosport full car listing revealed".TheXboxHub. Retrieved4 November 2023.
  33. ^Groenendijk, Ferry (26 June 2014)."GRID Autosport Car List".Video Games Blogger. Retrieved4 November 2023.
  34. ^"IGCD.net: Vehicles/Cars list for Automobilista".www.igcd.net. Retrieved7 October 2021.
  35. ^"IGCD.net: Vehicles/Cars list for Automobilista 2".www.igcd.net. Retrieved7 October 2021.
  36. ^"The Automobilista 2 Track List".OnlineRaceDriver. 3 March 2020. Retrieved7 October 2021.
  37. ^"Brazil's Stock Car Pro Series Cars Coming to iRacing in 2022". 13 October 2021.

External links

[edit]
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