Stephen Lynch | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 2019 | |
| Ranking Member of theHouse Oversight Committee | |
Acting | |
| In office April 28, 2025 – June 24, 2025 | |
| Preceded by | Gerry Connolly |
| Succeeded by | Robert Garcia |
| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromMassachusetts | |
| Assumed office October 16, 2001 | |
| Preceded by | Joe Moakley |
| Constituency | 9th district (2001–2013) 8th district (2013–present) |
| Member of theMassachusetts Senate from the1st Suffolk district | |
| In office May 1, 1996 – October 16, 2001 | |
| Preceded by | William Bulger |
| Succeeded by | Jack Hart |
| Member of theMassachusetts House of Representatives from the4th Suffolk district | |
| In office January 3, 1995 – May 1, 1996 | |
| Preceded by | Paul J. Gannon |
| Succeeded by | Jack Hart |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Stephen Francis Lynch (1955-03-31)March 31, 1955 (age 70) Boston,Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 1 |
| Education | University of Wisconsin, Madison (attended) Wentworth Institute of Technology (BS) Boston College (JD) Harvard University (MPA) |
| Website | House website Campaign website |
Stephen Francis Lynch[1] (born March 31, 1955) is an American businessman, attorney and politician who has served as amember of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts since 2001. ADemocrat, he representsMassachusetts's 8th congressional district, which includes the southern fourth ofBoston and many of its southern suburbs. Lynch was previously anironworker andlawyer, and served in both chambers of theMassachusetts General Court.
Born and raised inSouth Boston, Lynch is the son of an ironworker. He went into the trade after high school, working in an apprenticeship and later joining his father's union. He became the union's youngest president, at age 30, while attending theWentworth Institute of Technology. He received hisJ.D. fromBoston College Law School in 1991.[1]
In 1994, Lynch was elected to theMassachusetts House of Representatives. During his tenure, his advocacy for South Boston helped propel him to theMassachusetts Senate in 1995, when he won a special election to succeed state senatorWilliam Bulger. Lynchwon a special election to represent the state's9th district in theUnited States House of Representatives in 2001, and has been reelected ever since. His district was redrawn into the 8th district in 2013. He sits on theFinancial Services andOversight and Government Reform Committees. Lynch ran for the Democratic nomination in the2013 special election for the U.S. Senate, losing toEd Markey.
The fourth of six children, Lynch was born on March 31, 1955, in the neighborhood ofSouth Boston. He was raised with his five sisters in theOld Colony Housing Project. His father, Francis Lynch, was an ironworker. His mother, Anne (née Havlin), was a post office worker. Both parents came from fourth-generation South Boston families. He attended St. Augustine Elementary School andSouth Boston High School. During high school vacations he began working in construction alongside his father. After graduating from high school in 1973, Lynch became an apprenticeironworker. For the next six years he worked on high-altitude structural ironwork throughout the country for various companies, includingGeneral Motors andU.S. Steel.[2][3]
In 1977 Lynch was arrested for smokingmarijuana at aWillie Nelson concert at theIllinois State Fair, leading to a $50misdemeanor fine. In 1979 he was arrested for assault and battery of sixIranian students attending an anti-American protest in Boston, a charge that was later dropped.[4] Around this time, he developed "a problem with alcohol", leading him to joinAlcoholics Anonymous. (He reportedly left AA after meeting his future wife several years later, but continued to attend occasional meetings through the 2000s.[5][6])
When a 1979 blizzard forced his project inWisconsin to shut down, he spent the extra time taking courses at theUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison. Shortly thereafter, his father was diagnosed with cancer, and so Lynch returned to Boston.[2] In the early 1980s, he was elected to the executive board of theIron Workers Local 7 union. At age 30, he was elected president of the board, the youngest in the local's history. During this time he spent his nights and weekends attending theWentworth Institute of Technology, from which he graduatedcum laude with abachelor's degree in construction management in 1988.[2]
That year Lynch led a three-week labor strike, refusing to sign a contract with the Associated General Contractors despite pressure from within his union. The union international ultimately signed the contract without Lynch's approval, causing him to file suit against them. He later remarked, "Nothing I ever do will be as volatile as being union president during those times."[2] The incident forced him to miss the first three weeks of classes atBoston College Law School, where he had enrolled. Nevertheless, he graduated with aJ.D. in 1991. After graduating he joined the law office of Gabriel O. Dumont, Jr., representing labor unions and unemployed workers.[2]
Throughout law school and the following years, he often workedpro bono, representing housing project residents atBoston Housing Authority (BHA) hearings.[2] In one high-profile 1994 case, Lynch provided free legal services to 14 teenagers, all white, who were accused of physically attacking a Hispanic teenager and harassing the family of his white girlfriend over a period of six months. Lynch claimed the youths had been "overcharged" and helped some of them avoid criminal charges and eviction by the BHA.[7][8][9]
Lynch was a onetime tax delinquent.[10] In the mid-1980s the city of Boston placed liens on four properties he owned due to several thousand dollars of unpaid property taxes. He owed Massachusetts $2,000 in overdue taxes from 1985 to 1988, and for several years owed theIRS $4,000.[11]
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In early 1994 he phonedPaul J. Gannon, the Democraticstate representative from the4th Suffolk district, to announce a run against him.[2] While both candidates were labor advocates with similar backgrounds, Lynch called himself "the conservative candidate". He criticized Gannon for not supporting the Veterans Council, which had prevented a gay rights group from marching in the local St. Patrick's Day Parade,[12] and said that this issue was the main reason he was entering the race.[13] He described himself as against gay rights and legalized abortion.[13] Lynch's base of supporters in the projects allowed him to win the Democratic primary by 600 votes before he went on win the general election.[2]
As a state representative, Lynch opposed a plan by GovernorBill Weld andNew England Patriots ownerRobert Kraft to construct a $200 millionfootball stadium by the publicly ownedSouth Boston waterfront.[14] He led the opposition to a proposed asphalt plant in South Bay, and sponsored an amendment to a state bond bill that banned its construction.[15]
While in the state House, Lynch advocated an amendment to Massachusetts'shate crimes law that would allow people accused ofhomophobic crimes to use a"gay panic" defense, reducing the penalties for the offense.[16][17]
When President of theMassachusetts SenateWilliam Bulger announced his resignation from his 1st Suffolk seat in late 1995, Lynch filed nomination papers for the special election to replace him. Bulger's son, attorney William M. Bulger, Jr., also ran for the seat, as did another lawyer, Patrick Loftus.[18] The race grew from the grassroots of South Boston, with neighborhood issues such as development, crime, and education ruling the debate. The candidates declared their mutual respect.[19] Lynch won the March 1996 primary, defeating Bulger Jr. and Loftus 56%–35%–9%.[18][20] In April, he defeated Republican Richard William Czubinski 96%–4%, and he was inaugurated on May 1, 1996.[21][22][23] He was reelected unopposed in 1996, 1998, and 2000.[24]
As a state senator, Lynch continued to lead opposition to the proposed football stadium[25] and vocally opposed a proposal to sell the publicly owned Marine Industrial Park.[26] He opposed ahate-crimes bill that would have made racially charged language a felony, and hearkened back to the 1994 racial violence case as an example, arguing that the bill "attacks merely words" and "prosecutes young people who, in my opinion, haven't developed the responsibility and wisdom to measure their words."[7] On the Senate Transportation Committee, Lynch cosponsored a bill in June 1996 to allow certain Boston residents unlimited access to theTed Williams Tunnel.[27] In 1997 he was named Senate Chairman of the Joint Committee on Commerce and Labor.[28] In response to a budget crisis in the state'snursing homes, due primarily toMedicaid shortfalls, Lynch filed an unsuccessful bill in April 2001 to increase Medicaid funding by $200 million.[29] While in the Senate, he enrolled atHarvard University'sJohn F. Kennedy School of Government, from which he graduated with a master's degree in 1999. Massachusetts law prohibits any elected official from holding more than one office. Following his election to Congress, Lynch resigned on October 16, 2001 and was sworn in as a member of Congress on October 23.[30][31][3]
Lynch announced his candidacy for the 9th district seat in 2001, when longtime incumbent U.S. RepresentativeJoe Moakley, stricken withleukemia, decided not to seek a 17th term. This was a departure from Lynch's previous plan to run forlieutenant governor of Massachusetts.[32] Moakley died in May 2001, before his term ended, and Lynch announced a run for the special election to succeed him.[10] The early front-runner in the race was lawyerMax Kennedy, son of U.S. SenatorRobert F. Kennedy, but his withdrawal from the race in June 2001 put Lynch in the lead.[33] The remaining candidates included eight Democrats and two Republicans. All the remaining candidates had similar political positions and according toThe Boston Globe, the candidates "struggled to find areas of conflict" when debating.[34]
Lynch's main opponents in the primary were State SenatorsCheryl Jacques,Brian A. Joyce andMarc R. Pacheco. During the campaign, Lynch faced criticism as his past improprieties were uncovered, including two arrests, defaulting on student loans, and a history of tax delinquency.[10] Gay rights advocates attacked him for "a history of supporting anti-gay legislation."[16] Still, Lynch maintained strong local support going into the primary.[10] As he pulled ahead in polls and fundraising, Jacques and Joyce attacked him suggesting was not supportive of civil rights.[8][9][34]
On September 11, 2001, Lynch won the Democratic primary with 39% of the vote to Jacques's 29%.[35][36] The same day, theSeptember 11 attacks took place, which dampened the ensuing general election race between Lynch and theRepublican nominee, state SenatorJo Ann Sprague. On October 16, he defeated Sprague, 65%-33%.[10][37]
| Year | Office | Party | Primary | General | Result | Swing | Ref. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | P. | Total | % | P. | ||||||||
| 1994 | State House | Democratic | 4,618 | 54.21% | 1st | 9,836 | 100% | 1st | Won | Hold | [38] | ||
| 1996 | State Senate | 8,519 | 55.88% | 1st | 5,657 | 96.24% | 1st | Won | Hold | [39] | |||
| 1996 | 7,591 | 99.99% | 1st | 25,824 | 99.96% | 1st | Won | Hold | [40] | ||||
| 1998 | 10,422 | 100% | 1st | 20,544 | 100% | 1st | Won | Hold | [41] | ||||
| 2000 | 2,648 | 100% | 1st | 28,429 | 99.99% | 1st | Won | Hold | [42] | ||||
| 2001 | U.S. House | 44,905 | 39.44% | 1st | 44,943 | 64.97% | 1st | Won | Hold | [43] | |||
| 2002 | 69,244 | 80.57% | 1st | 168,055 | 99.45% | 1st | Won | Hold | [44] | ||||
| 2004 | 37,035 | 98.83% | 1st | 218,167 | 99.03% | 1st | Won | Hold | [45] | ||||
| 2006 | 75,323 | 77.13% | 1st | 169,420 | 78.06% | 1st | Won | Hold | [46] | ||||
| 2008 | 40,332 | 98.85% | 1st | 242,166 | 98.72% | 1st | Won | Hold | [47] | ||||
| 2010 | 42,527 | 64.71% | 1st | 157,071 | 68.30% | 1st | Won | Hold | [48] | ||||
| 2012 | 29,352 | 98.76% | 1st | 263,999 | 76.12% | 1st | Won | Hold | [49] | ||||
| 2013 | U.S. Senate | 230,335 | 42.44% | 2nd | N/A | Hold | [50] | ||||||
| 2014 | U.S. House | 51,077 | 99.03% | 1st | 200,644 | 98.67% | 1st | Won | Hold | [51] | |||
| 2016 | 27,335 | 97.37% | 1st | 271,019 | 72.41% | 1st | Won | Hold | [52] | ||||
| 2018 | 52,269 | 70.88% | 1st | 259,159 | 98.42% | 1st | Won | Hold | [53] | ||||
| 2020 | 111,542 | 66.40% | 1st | 310,940 | 80.68% | 1st | Won | Hold | [54] | ||||
| 2022 | 73,191 | 99.03% | 1st | 189,987 | 69.70% | 1st | Won | Hold | [55] | ||||
| 2024 | 64,761 | 98.69% | 1st | 265,432 | 70.44% | 1st | Won | Hold | [56] | ||||
| Source:Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts |Election Results | |||||||||||||
Lynch was sworn into the107th Congress on October 23, 2001. The ceremony had been delayed for a weekend, as the2001 anthrax attacks had led to a shutdown of Congressional office buildings. In a press conference after his swearing-in, Lynch remarked on the unlikelihood of his career path, comparing himself toJed Clampett ofThe Beverly Hillbillies.[57] He is a moderate Democrat byMassachusetts standards, but a fairlyliberal one by national standards. He generally votes more moderate on social issues and liberal on economic and environmental issues. "Calling me the least liberal member from Massachusetts is like calling me the slowest Kenyan in the Boston Marathon", he said in 2010. "It's all relative."[58] He is strongly pro-labor and has focused on bringing manufacturing jobs to his district.[59] He is a co-founder and co-chair of the Congressional Labor and Working Families Caucus.[60]
Lynch's words at a rally in early 2025 attracted national attention, as he argued with constituents who called on him to consistently oppose conservative legislation, and challenged them to run to replace him.[61][62][63]
Lynch voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time in the117th Congress, according to aFiveThirtyEight analysis.[64]
Lynch has been a member of theHouse Financial Services Committee since his first term.[73] According toCQ, Lynch supported PresidentGeorge W. Bush's agenda one-third of the time, which was average for Democratic House members.[9] For instance, he supported theHousing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, which addressed thesubprime mortgage crisis, but opposed theEmergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which created theTroubled Asset Relief Program.[74] He supported PresidentBarack Obama's economic agenda, including theAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and theDodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010.[74][75]
Lynch has focused on trade policy as a congressman.[76] In 2002 he voted againstfast track bills that gave the president the authority to negotiate trade deals without amendments by Congress.[9] In 2007 he voted in favor of thePeru–United States Trade Promotion Agreement despite some Democratic opposition.[77]
Lynch advocateshealth care reform but split with his party on Obama's health care reform efforts. He voted in November 2009 to pass theAffordable Health Care for America Act (AHCAA), the House's health care reform bill. This bill was scrapped by Congressional leaders in favor of the Senate's bill, thePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). Despite pressure from Obama and Democratic leaders, Lynch said he would oppose the PPACA until "they put reform back in the health reform bill."[79] He described the Senate bill as a "surrender" to insurance companies, putting too little pressure on them to reduce costs. He explained, "There's a difference between compromise and surrender, right? And this is a complete surrender of all the things that people thought were important to health care reform."[80] When the PPACA came to a House vote in March 2010, he was the only U.S. representative from New England to vote against it.[81]
On social issues, Lynch was considered aconservative tomoderate Democrat in the 2000s.[82] He wasanti-abortion,[82] saying in 2001 "I'm prolife and I'm proud of it",[13] and was criticized by thepro-choice groupNARAL.[83] He sided with conservatives in the 2005Terri Schiavo case, voting for federal court intervention.[84] In more recent years, he has advocated and defended funding for Planned Parenthood. In 2021, Lynch voted for theWomen's Health Protection Act, signifying a significant shift in his position on the issue.[85]
Lynch has mostly sided with Democratic leaders on gay rights issues in recent years, opposing aFederal Marriage Amendment and supporting granting medical benefits to domestic partners of federal employees.[82] He now supportssame-sex marriage.[86] Lynch's 2022 reelection campaign touted his support for theEquality Act; he is also a member of theCongressional LGBTQ+ Equality Caucus.[87]
In September 2016, Lynch announced on WBUR that he would vote for the November 2016 ballot question that sought to expand the number of charter schools in the state.[88]
On January 3, 2021, the beginning of the117th Congress, Lynch became the last remaining incumbent House Democrat to have voted against the Affordable Care Act.[89]
In 2025, Lynch opposed the construction of 70 housing units on the lot of a vacant industrial building in the Dorchester Avenue corridor. Lynch criticized that the proposed building, which was in walking distance of Red Line stops and bus lines, did not include any parking. The developer noted that providing at least 14 parking spaces for the building would increase the cost by $75,000 per housing unit.[90]
During an April 2020House Oversight Committee Hearing that included testimony fromAnthony Fauci, director of theNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Lynch grew angry over federal miscommunications about the availability of coronavirus testing, and said that cases of COVID-19 had doubled in his district just the day before.[91]
In the wake of the September 11 attacks, the Oversight and Government Reform Committee had oversight of airport security and some elements of theWar in Afghanistan.[92] Lynch sat on theVeterans' Affairs Committee for his first term.[73] He has several Veterans's Affairs (VA) hospitals in his district, and sponsored legislation to increase nurse staffing and allow private physician prescriptions to be filled at VA hospitals.[9]
A supporter of American intervention in theMiddle East, Lynch has made 12 trips toIraq and ten toAfghanistan andPakistan.[93] Part of these visits' purpose was to ensure accountability in reconstruction projects.[74] He voted for theIraq War authorization in 2002, against the Democratic House leadership, and later voted to continue funding the war.[74] He supported Obama's drawdown of troops in Iraq throughout 2010 and 2011[93] and Obama's renewal of the War in Afghanistan, the only Massachusetts representative to vote for funding for Obama's Afghanistan initiative.[93] Lynch voted for increased foreign aid toPakistan in 2009, but, along with Oversight ChairmanJohn F. Tierney, pushed for strict oversight of the aid's distribution.[94]
Lynch supports lifting theUnited States' economic sanctions on Cuba. Moakley, his predecessor, was heavily involved inLatin American affairs, and Lynch has made an effort to continue this work. He joined five other congressmen on a 2002 visit toCuba, where they met with PresidentFidel Castro.[9]
Upon the death ofU.S. SenatorTed Kennedy, Massachusetts state law triggered aspecial election to be held in January 2010. On September 4, 2009, a representative for Lynch took out nomination papers in preparation of a special election run.[95] After speaking with his family and citing the short time frame in which to conduct a campaign, Lynch decided not to seek the Democratic nomination for the seat.[96]
Lynch announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate on January 31, 2013, seeking to fill the seat then held byJohn Kerry, who had resigned to becomeU.S. Secretary of State.[97] Lynch's candidacy in the2013 special election had been portrayed as an uphill battle against RepresentativeEd Markey, who had a largerwar chest and several major party endorsements.[98] APolitico profile compared Lynch's "common-man touch" and moderate views to that of RepublicanScott Brown, who won the 2010 special Senate election by connecting with independent voters.[98] Lynch lost to Markey in the April 30 Democratic primary.[99]
Lynch dated Margaret Shaughnessy for 10 years before the two married in 1992. An aide to state SenatorMarian Walsh, Shaughnessy was from another South Boston family, one of seven children, and majored in graphic design at theMassachusetts College of Art and Design. She went to high school with Lynch's sisters, and she and Lynch were members of the South Boston Residents Group.[2][100] As of 2010[update], the Lynches live in South Boston with their daughter and a niece.[3][100][101] For most of his career, Lynch has been listed in the member's roll as "D-South Boston".
He is first cousins with Boston-based restaurateurBarbara Lynch.[102]
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromMassachusetts's 9th congressional district 2001–2013 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromMassachusetts's 8th congressional district 2013–present | Incumbent |
| Preceded by | Ranking Member of theHouse Oversight Committee Acting 2025 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial) | ||
| Preceded by | United States representatives by seniority 35th | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Order of precedence of the United States | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
