| Stephen II | |
|---|---|
| King of Croatia | |
| Reign | 1089–1091 |
| Coronation | 1089 |
| Predecessor | Demetrius Zvonimir |
| Successor | Petar Snačić |
| Died | December 1090 or beginning of 1091 |
| Burial | Church of St. Stephen,Solin |
| Dynasty | Trpimirović |
| Father | Gojslav II |
| Religion | Catholicism |
Stephen II (Croatian:Stjepan II) was the last member of theTrpimirović dynasty and last nativeking of Croatia to rule the entire medievalCroatian Kingdom.[1][2] Stephen's father was Gojslav, the younger brother ofPeter Krešimir IV of Croatia. Stephen was duke of Croatia under Krešimir around 1066.
He was due to succeed Peter Krešimir IV but was sidelined by the people and clergy in 1075 who instead bestowed the title of king onDemetrius Zvonimir, previously aban inSlavonia.
Stephen II was forced to live in the monastery of St Stephen Beneath the Pines (Sv. Stjepan pod borovima) on the peninsula ofSustipan, nearSplit. The formal reason for life in the monastery is an alleged illness, so in his charter from 1078, Stephen writes:
I, Stephen, once glittering Prince of the Croats, devastated by a bad illness, call upon the honorable priests of the Croatian kingdom to find a remedy for my sins. Of their advice I took heed, and let myself be brought to the monastery of St Stephen. Here I was relieved of all my honours and had chosen the grabe, recommending the monastery's leader to mention me in his prayers.
King Demetrius Zvonimir was a member of the junior Svetoslavić branch of the House of Trpimirović (descendants ofSvetoslav Suronja). By the time Demetrius Zvonimir died in 1089, Stephen was old and seriously affected by ill health. Nevertheless, he assumed the throne after being persuaded by the aristocracy and clergy.
Stephen's rule was relatively ineffectual and lasted less than two years. He spent most of this time in the tranquility of the monastery nearSplit, where he stayed before becoming king. Zvonimir's widow, QueenJelena, reportedly plotted the inheritance of the Croatian Crown for her brother, KingLadislaus I of Hungary.
Stephen II died peacefully in December 1090, or at the beginning of 1091, without leaving an heir. War and unrest broke out in Croatia shortly afterward, with the southern nobility electingPetar Snačić as King of Croatia in 1093, immediately entering into conflict with the Hungarian kingLadislaus. The war culminated in theBattle of Gvozd Mountain in 1097 leading to apersonal union of Croatia and Hungary in 1102, ruled byColoman.[3]
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | King of Croatia 1089–1091 | Succeeded by |