Ste. Genevieve Historic District | |
 Felix Vallé State Historic Site, within the historic district | |
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| Location | Ste. Genevieve, Missouri |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 37°58′37″N90°02′55″W / 37.97696°N 90.048672°W /37.97696; -90.048672 |
| Built | 1750 |
| Architectural style | Colonial |
| NRHP reference No. | 66000892 and 02000357 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966, boundary increase April 11, 2002[1] |
| Designated NHLD | October 9, 1960[2] |
TheSte. Genevieve National Historical Park, established in 2020, consists of part or the whole of the area of theSte. Genevieve Historic District, which is ahistoric district encompassing much of the built environment ofSte. Genevieve, Missouri, United States. The city was in the late 18th century the capital ofSpanish Louisiana, and, at its original location a few miles south, capital ofFrench Louisiana as well. A large area of the city, including fields along theMississippi River, is aNational Historic Landmark District designated in 1960, for its historically French architecture and land-use patterns, while a smaller area, encompassing the parts of the city historically important between about 1790 and 1950, was named separately to theNational Register of Historic Places in 2002.[2][3][4][5][6]
Ste. Genevieve is home to one of the highest concentrations of distinctive types of French colonial architecture known aspoteaux en terre, orpost in ground, andPoteaux-sur-sol, or post on sill. Both of these styles involve construction of walls consisting of vertical logs, the former placed directly into the ground, and the latter onto a horizontal sill of wood or stone. Prominent local examples of these architectural styles include theBeauvais-Amoureux House, theFelix Vallé House State Historic Site,La Maison de Guibourd, theDelassus-Kern House, and theLouis Bolduc House (itself listed separately as aNational Historic Landmark). In 2018, theNational Park Service was authorized to establishSte. Genevieve National Historical Park as a unit of the U.S. national park system, following a favourable study by the park service. It joined the park system on October 30, 2020.
Ste. Genevieve was established in the 1750s by French colonists, when the territory west of theMississippi River was part ofFrench Louisiana. It became the principle civic center of the region, and continued to be so when the area passed into Spanish control with theTreaty of Paris in 1763. The original site of Ste. Genevieve, about 3 miles (4.8 km) south of the present city, was severely damaged by major flooding in 1785. After this event, the city was, over the next ten years, relocated to its present site on higher ground. The oldest surviving buildings in the city date to this period, with the church moved from its old site in 1793. The agricultural area just outside the city to the southeast is largely still laid out as it was at that time, following traditional French colonial lines.[7]
Americans began to arrive in Ste. Genevieve after theLouisiana Purchase in 1810, and were followed by immigrant groups as the 19th century progressed. By the mid-19th century German-Americans made up the single largest population group in the city. Late in the 19th century, the manufacture of lime became a major local industry, and in 1904 the city became the western end of a railroad ferry, connecting toKellogg, Illinois.[5]
The importance of Ste. Genevieve's early architecture has long been recognized. In the 1930s a number of its builds were documented by theHistoric American Buildings Survey (HABS), and the Bolduc House was restored in 1956–57. TheNational Park Service conducted a historic site survey of the region in 1960, leading to the designation of one of the firstNational Historic Landmark Districts. A survey by the Park Service in 1980 identified the location of Ste. Genevieve's early settlement on the Mississippi floodplain, which had long been thought to be lost to floodwaters. The state has stepped in to acquire several of the older buildings for preservation and interpretation as historic sites.[7]
The landmark designation as made in 1960 was short on details and exact boundaries. In 1970, the designation was amended to set a boundary, encompassing about 1,200 acres (490 ha), including much of the town and river bottomlands that reflected French colonial land-use methods. Repeated attempts to further update the landmark designation, including an explicit enumeration of contributing and non-contributing properties, have been made (in 1975, 1986, and 2001), but none of these have passed review. As part of the 2001 work, a separate National Register nomination was prepared, approved in 2002 by the Park Service, that focused on the area's broader historical patterns. Its boundaries exclude the outlying agricultural areas. The park service has been developing plans for a potential national historical park based on Ste. Genevieve's history and architecture.[7]
On March 23, 2018, the National Park Service was authorized to establish Ste. Genevieve National Historical Park, when PresidentDonald Trump signed a $1.3 trillion omnibus appropriations bill which contained a single line about the park in its 2,232 pages.[8]
On October 30, 2020, U.S. Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt took the last step necessary to formally establish Ste. Genevieve National Historical Park as the 422nd unit of the National Park System.[9]
In 2020, a new visitors center was announced.[10]
Media related toSte. Genevieve Historic District at Wikimedia Commons| Lists by county |
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| Other lists | ||
Buildings and Structures ofSte. Genevieve, Missouri | ||
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| Historic Buildings |  | |
| Churches | ||
| Highways | ||
National Historical Parks of the United States | ||
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