Federal subjects in the Black Sea-Caspian area. *Smaller areas along the north Caucasus are the republics: Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia, and Chechnya *Yellow is theSouthern Federal District and below it is theNorth Caucasian Federal District (light grey)
Most of Stavropol Krai experienceshot-summer humid continental climate (except for mountains). Winters are shorter and warmer than in most of Russia but still freezing and snowy: average January temperature is between −2 °C (28 °F) and −6 °C (21 °F). Summers are warm to hot with average July temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F). Extremes range from −35 °C (−31 °F) in winter to 40 °C (104 °F) in summer. Average annual precipitation is 400 to 600 millimetres (16 to 24 in).
The krai was established asNorth Caucasus Krai on October 17, 1924. After undergoing numerous administrative changes, it was renamed Ordzhonikidze Krai (Орджоникидзевский край), afterSergo Ordzhonikidze, in March 1937, and Stavropol Krai on January 12, 1943.
During theSoviet period, the high authority in the region (krai) was shared between three persons: the First Secretary of the Stavropol Krai CPSU Committee (who in reality had the greatest authority), the Chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power).
In 1970–1978,Mikhail Gorbachev, a native of Stavropol Krai, occupied the position of the First Secretary of the Krai's Communist Party Committee. He left the region for Moscow in 1978, when he was promoted to a Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, to become the Party's General Secretary and the nation's leader 7 years later. The region was also native toYuri Andropov, who was also leader of the Soviet Union for a short time.
Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Krai Administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside the electedregional parliament.
The Charter of Stavropol Krai is the fundamental law of the region. TheLegislative Assembly of Stavropol Krai is the province'sregional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The krai administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as a guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with theConstitution of Russia.
Irrigated agriculture is well-developed in the region. As of the beginning of 2001, Stavropol Krai had 3,361 km ofirrigation canals, of which 959 km were lined (i.e., had concrete or stone walls, rather than merely soil walls, to reduce the loss of water).[7]
The 2010 Census counted thirty-three ethnic groups of more than 2,000 persons each combining a total population of 2,786,281, making this federal subject one of the most multiethnic in Russia. The inhabitants identified themselves as belonging to more than 140 different ethnic groups, as shown in the following table:[14]
According to a 2012 survey[15] 46.9% of the population of Stavropol Krai adheres to theRussian Orthodox Church, 7% areunaffiliated genericChristians, 2% areMuslims, 1% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox bodies, and 1% of the population adheres toRodnovery or local native faiths. In addition, 19% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 16% isatheist, and 7.1% follow other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[15]
Piotr Mikhailovich Skarżyński (1744–1805), A Russian Major General. He served in the cavalry units of the Russian army and he commanded the Buzhan Cossacks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1791, he showed heroism during the assault on Ochakov and the defense of the Kinburn fortress. He was awarded theOrder of St. George.[18]
^October 17, 1924 is the date of establishment ofNorth Caucasus Krai, which underwent several renamings and administrative changes before stabilizing in its present borders.
Государственная Дума Ставропольского края. №6-кз 12 октября 1994 г. «Устав (Основной Закон) Ставропольского края», в ред. Закона №132-кз от 2 декабря 2015 г. «О поправках к Уставу (Основному Закону) Ставропольского края». Опубликован: "Ставропольская правда", №198–199, 14 октября 1994 г. (State Duma of Stavropol Krai. #6-kz October 12, 1994Charter (Basic Law) of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Law #132-kz of December 2, 2015On the Amendments to the Charter (Basic Law) of Stavropol Krai. ).
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