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Station numbering is asign system which assignsstation codes consisting of a few letters and numbers totrain stations. It aims to facilitate navigation for foreign travelers not familiar with the local language[1] by using globally understood characters (Latin letters andArabic numbers). The system is now in use by various railway companies around the world such as inmainland China,Indonesia,Japan,South Korea,Singapore,Taiwan,Thailand, and theUnited States.
Station numbering was first introduced—but to less fanfare—in South Korea, by theSeoul Metropolitan Subway in 1983 as a section ofSeoul Subway Line 2 (Euljiro 1-ga toSeongsu) was opened.[2][3][4][5]
Its first usage in Japan was in theNagasaki Electric Tramway where it was introduced in May 1984.[6] TheTokyo subway system introduced station numbering in 2004. Sports events are usually the turning point for the introduction of station numbering in Japan; theYokohama Municipal Subway introduced station numbering in preparation for the2002 FIFA World Cup and there was a mass adoption of station numbering in the months leading to the2020 Summer Olympics.
The station number often consists of two parts: the line symbol part, which contains the initial part of the line name or number (as seen below) and the station symbol part, which consists of the numerical positioning of the station relative to the railway line and its starting station number (example listed below)
The line symbol part is the part that represents the railway line the station is belonged to. Therefore, all stations on the same railway line shares the same line symbol part.
In some countries, such as South Korea and mainland China, where the railway lines are often named with numbers (e.g.Line 1,Line 15), the number used to name the railway line is used as the line symbol.
In other countries, such as Japan, where the railway lines are often not named with numbers, the line symbol part usually consist of one or two letters, which are often abbreviations of theRomaji notation of the line name, many of them being the initials. However, when there are more than two lines with the same initials in the same region, either of them is often changed in order to avoid duplicated line symbols, even across different company lines (for example, theTokyo MetroMarunouchi Line uses ‘M’M and theToei Mita Line uses ‘I’I, although the name of the two lines both starts with the letterM). Another method to avoid duplicated line symbols is to assign them in an alphabetical order (A to Z) regardless to the abbreviations.
While most of the station numbering systems follow the aforementioned two styles, there is a few exceptions.Shinbundang Line of Korea uses the line symbol of letterD, even though there is no notable reason preventing them from following the two popular styles presented above.Neo Trans, the line's operating company, mentions it is a part of their branding strategy: to emphasise the latestdigital technologies applied to their railway line.[7] Another group of examples of such exceptions is found among minor branch lines operated bySeibu Railway of Japan. One of their railway lines is theSeibu Ikebukuro Line, which has the line symbol ofSI (the alphabet abbreviation of the line name). The Seibu Sayama Line, a branch line that splits off fromSeibu Ikebukuro Line, shares the same line symbol ofSI, even though its own alphabet abbreviation is notSI.
 | The examples and perspective in this sectiondeal primarily with the Seoul Metropolitan Subway and do not represent aworldwide view of the subject. You mayimprove this section, discuss the issue on thetalk page, or create a new section, as appropriate.(May 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
The station symbol part is the part that identifies each station on the scale of one entire railway line. Therefore, there must not be any duplicated station symbols on the same railway line: no more than one station on the same railway line should have the identical station symbol.
In most of the cases, the station symbol is a two digit number. The starting station of a railway line is assigned a number which is often either 00 (e.g.JR Central) or 01 (e.g.Tokyo Metro), and stations along the line are distributed sequentially ascending whole numbers (i.e. If the starting station is assigned the number 01, the first station a person traveling outwards from the starting station would encounter will be assigned the number 02, then the station after this will be assigned 03, and so on). However, some railway lines assign the starting station number other than 00 or 01 to prevent duplicate numbers and potential renumbering in the future. An example of this can be seen on the1 Line inSeattle, Washington, withWestlake station being given the code of "50" and subsequent numbers being based off of Westlake's code. The use of 50 as a base code also prevents stations along the routes being assignedcodes that may be superstitious to populations around stations.[8]
As for any branch sections branching off from the main line (like a ‘Y’ shape track), there are several possible methods to number the stations located on the branch sections.
Likewise, there are several possible methods to number the new stations constructed after the initial opening of the railway line. Written inside each bracket below are the station numbers which would be assigned to the new stations under each method, assuming an imaginary case where, for example, two new stations are added between stations of number 07 and 08.
| Shinkansen | |
|---|---|
 JR East linespassing through Central Tokyo | |
| JR East lines in satellite cities or suburbs | |
 Tokyo Metro | |
 Toei Subway | |
 Yokohama Municipal Subway | |
 Keikyu | |
 Keio | |
 Keisei | |
 Odakyu | |
 Seibu | |
 Sotetsu | |
 Tobu | |
 Tokyu | |
| Other heavy rail lines | |
| Medium-capacity rails | |
| Monorails | |
| Trams and light rails | |
| People movers | |
| Hinterland | |
| Funiculars and aerial lifts | |
 Bus | |
| Public ferries | |
| Major terminals | |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Shinkansen | |
|---|---|
 JR West | |
 Osaka Metro | |
 Kobe Municipal Subway | |
 Kyoto Municipal Subway | |
 Hankyu | |
 Hanshin | |
 Keihan | |
 Nankai | |
 Kintetsu | |
 Shintetsu | |
| Other heavy rail lines | |
| Light metros and monorails | |
| Tram and light rails |
|
| Hinterland | |
| Funiculars andaerial lifts | |
| Public ferries |
|
| Major terminals | |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Shinkansen | |
|---|---|
 JR Central | |
 Nagoya Municipal Subway | |
 Meitetsu | |
 Kintetsu | |
| Minor private railways | |
| Third-sector railways | |
 Bus |
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| Terminals |
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| Miscellaneous |
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| Seoul Metropolitan Area |
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| Busan |
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| Daejeon |
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