 | |
| Industry | Maritime transport |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1930 |
| Founder | Henry Mercer |
| Defunct | 1974 |
| Headquarters | New York, New York |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | Cornelius S. Walsh |
| Services | Cargo and Passengers Liners |
States Marine Lines was thepassenger andcargo of theStates Marine Corporation founded by Henry Mercer in 1930 inNew York City. In 1931 Cornelius S. Walsh became an investor and the company Secretary. They started by chartering foreign ships to run the lines intramp trade. Later scheduled cargo services was added to the line. In 1934 States Marine started monthly cargo routes toSouth Africa.[1][2][3][4][5]
In 1937 States Marine charted the SSCarrollton a 1903, 1,732 tons from, acquired by Saginaw Dock and Terminal Company ofCleveland,Ohio. In 1940 States Marine Lines purchased the SSLone Star a 1919, 5,101 tons cargo ship fromMississippi Shipping Company ofNew Orleans and the SSWolverine, 1919, 4,990 tons, cargo ship from Export Steamship Company inNew York City. In 1941 States Marine Lines charted the SSAtlantic Trader, 1918, 2,241 tons, a cargo ship from Saginaw Dock and Terminal Company of Cleveland. In 1941 States Marine Lines charted the SSGreen Mountain, a 1919, 4,988 tons, a cargo ship from Federal Marine Corp. of New York. In 1941 States Marine Lines charted the SSHoosier, 1920, a 5,060 tons cargo ship from Hoosier Marine Corp. of New York. In 1941 States Marine Lines charted the SSKeystone, 1919, a 5,565 tons, cargo ship fromShepard Steamship Company of Boston, MA.[6][7]
On 10 July 1942 SSHoosier was sunk by theU-boatU-376 after departing Archangel, USSR.[8] On March 13, 1943, the SSKeystone sunk by U-172 after her engine failed in convoy UGS-6 from New York to North Africa.
DuringWorld War II the States Marine Lines was active withcharter shipping with theMaritime Commission andWar Shipping Administration. During wartime, the Mississippi Shipping Company operatedVictory ships,Liberty ships, and a fewEmpire ships.[9]
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After World War II there were many low-cost ships for sales, States Marine Lines was now able to own more ships than charter. States Marine Lines continued to charter both U.S. and foreign ships.[6]
In 1947 States Marine Lines sold offAtlantic Trader,Green Mountain,Wolverine,Blue Grass State,Evergreen State,Lone Star State,Peach Tree State. In 1947 States Marine purchased controlling interest in the South African Marine Corp., also called Safmarine.
States Marine Lines served as Merchant Marine Naval shipping company, supplying goods for theKorean War. Ships made trips to and fromKorea. About 75 percent of the personnel taken to Korea for the Korean War came by the Merchant Marine Ships. States Marine Lines transported goods, mail, food and other supplies. About 90 percent of the cargo was moved by Merchant Marine Naval to the Korea War Zone. States Marine Lines made trips between the US and Korea helping American forces engaged againstCommunist aggression inSouth Korea. After the war most ships were put into theNational Defense Reserve Fleet.[10][11][6]
In 1954 States Marine took over management of Bloomfield Steamship Company inHouston, Texas, which was closed in 1969. Bloomfield was founded on post World War II low-cost ships by Ben M. Bloomfield. In 1954Old Dominion State andWolverine State are sold off.[12]
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In 1955 States Marine purchased four 1945, 10,780 tonsType C4-class ships from the Joshua Hendy Corp. SecondHoosier State, SecondKeystone State, Second Wolverine State, and the second Lone Star State. In 1957 States Marine purchased four 1945 Victory ships each former line ship namesCotton State, Magnolia State, Palmetto State, and Volunteer State. States Marine also took on charters for the:Alma Victory, Beloit Victory, Binghampton Victory, Britain Victory, Clovis Victory, Creighton Victory, Iran Victory, Knox Victory Clovis Victory, Rock Springs Victory and Simmons Victory. In 1960 States Marine purchased: 7,868 tons C2 ships:SSBadger State,Bay State, Bayou State, Evergreen State, Blue Grass State, and Buckeye State,, (2), C3, 1943, 7,868 tons. Also Type C3:Copper State,SS Aloha State, and Gopher State,SS Steel Director[6]
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In 1962 States Marine took over management of the first nuclear-powered cargo ship,NSSavannah. Built in 1958 at 13,559 tons, States Marine managed the ship for theU.S. Department of Commerce for one year.[13]
For theVietnam War States Marine operated the charter for theSSGainesville Victory. Also, in 1965 Henry Mercer purchased Cornelius Walsh shares in the company and purchase theWaterman Steamship Corporation. States Marine also supported the Vietnam War with line owned ships and ships charter.[14]
States Marine failed to upgrade tocontainer ships and modernize as other shipping lines did in the 1970s and with the Vietnam War over States Marine closed in 1974, all ships being sold or scrapped due to age.
