| Date | 19–23 October 2015 |
|---|---|
| Venue | London,Manchester |
The2015 Xi Jinping United Kingdom visit, from 19 to 23 October 2015, was the firststate visit ofXi Jinping to theUnited Kingdom. It also was theChinese paramount leader's first visit to the United Kingdom since 2005 and the second Chinese state leader to visit the UK after Chinese PremierLi Keqiang's visit between 16 and 19 June 2014. During the visit, Xi met QueenElizabeth II and Prime MinisterDavid Cameron, and also visitedManchester City F.C.
The vice-director of theChina Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, Feng Zhongping, saidChina–United Kingdom relations were warming rapidly. In March 2015, the United Kingdom joined theAsian Infrastructure Investment Bank. In September,Chancellor of the ExchequerGeorge Osborne visited China. Feng said this visit would bring an improvement in Anglo-Chinese relations.[1]
The increasingly warm relationship has led some political analysts to describe it as a "special relationship". An article byCNN analyst Katie Hunt posits that a key reason for the increase in relations is due in part to Britain's avoidance of raising sensitive political issues such as theChinese claims in the South China Sea, although she noted that issues such as theTibetan independence movement could still cause tensions between the two nations.[2]
On 19 October 2015Xi Jinping and his wife,Peng Liyuan, arrived atHeathrow Airport and stepped off anAir China aircraft. They were greeted on behalf of the Queen byViscount Hood and the UK Foreign SecretaryPhilip Hammond.[3]
On 20 October QueenElizabeth II and theDuke of Edinburgh hosted the ceremony to welcome Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan at theHorse Guards Parade. The British welcomed Xi Jinping with a41-gun salute inGreen Park and a simultaneous 62-gun salute at theTower of London andCity of London (103 guns in total).[4][5][6][7] During this visit, supporters of Xi – primarily Chinese students at British universities – waved flags and banners and carried a dragon spelling out the message "Welcome Big Buddy Xi".[8] Photographs later produced byAmnesty UK showing diplomatic cargo boxes full of flags prior to the visit showed "that the Chinese embassy has been shipping in flags, hats, T-shirts and other pro-China merchandise as diplomatic baggage in order to put on a show of strength and support for the visiting President", according to a spokesperson for Amnesty International.[9][10]
Chinese officials are believed to have wanted their security personnel to carry guns and for anti-Chinese protests to be banned completely. TheMetropolitan Police refused on both accounts,[11] and activists ofFalun Gong and theFree Tibet Campaign convened to demonstrate against China's human rights abuses and to call for the UK government to put human rights on the visit's agenda.[6][12][13] Two Tibetan women were arrested under Section 5 of thePublic Order Act 1986 and had their homes raided under Section 5 of thePublic Order Act 1986 after flying a Tibetan flag near Xi's car, as well as computer equipment seized. Shao Jiang, a survivor of theTiananmen Square massacre who also had her computer seized and home raided by police while in custody, said that the events reminded her of the repression she experienced in China prior to her exile.[14] The Falun Gong followers called for formerGeneral Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party,Jiang Zemin, to be brought to justice for the persecution of its practitioners.[15] Before this visit, the Labour leaderJeremy Corbyn promised to raise human rights issues, but China ambassador to the UKLiu Xiaoming said this visit would focus on partnership and cooperation between the two countries.[16]
Xi and Peng had lunch with the Queen, viewed the Royal Collection's Chinese artefacts, and exchanged gifts with the Royals, giving them two albums of Peng Liyuan's music.[8] In the afternoon, Xi Jinping made a speech at thePalace of Westminster. He focused on historic bi-national ties, law and order, and China's burgeoning economy in this speech. He also citedShakespeare'sThe Tempest, that "what's past is prologue".[17] Later Xi Jinping visitedClarence House, and had tea withPrince Charles andCamilla, Duchess of Cornwall.[18] In the evening, Xi and Peng arrived for a state banquet at the Buckingham Palace, hosted by the Queen. Xi also met with the Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn.[8] After the banquet, Xi and Peng stayed two nights at the palace in the Belgian Suite.[19][20]
On 21 October, Xi met with British Prime MinisterDavid Cameron at10 Downing Street, where they signed business agreements worth 40 billion pounds. The British government announced the UK will extend the standard Chinese visitor visas from six months to two years.[21]Merlin Entertainments signed an agreement with China Media Capital to establish aLegoland in Shanghai.[22] After the meeting, Xi and Cameron signed a cybersecurity pact at the press conference. They also talked about the issue of human rights.[23]
Xi and Cameron attended the UK-China business summit atMansion House, where the focus was on investment, infrastructure and innovation.[21] Later Xi visitedImperial College London,Lancaster House and the London Office ofHuawei, a leading Chinese telecommunications company.[21] In the evening Xi attended the banquet hosted by the Lord Mayor of LondonAlan Yarrow at theCity of London.[21]
Xi and his wife Peng Liyuan bid farewell to the Queen and Prince Philip at Buckingham Palace.[24] Xi then attended the opening ceremony of the annual conference ofConfucius Institutes and Classrooms withPrince Andrew. He and Prince Andrew together unveiled the plaque of the 1000th Confucius Classroom atHautlieu School, which was hosted by Hautlieu School of Jersey and Beijing Bayi High School.[25][26]
Xi also visitedInmarsat with Prince Andrew and Liu Xiaoming.[27] Peng Liyuan visitedRoyal Academy of Music with Prince William and his wifeCatherine, Duchess of Cambridge. Peng also visited the Brussels Musical Instrument Museum.[28][29]
Later, Xi and Cameron held talks atChequers. Cameron was expected to raise concerns over Hong Kong directly with Xi, but there was no mention of this in the statement.[30] Cameron also took Xi to a traditional British pub for beers andfish and chips, the English traditional dish.[31] Xi left London and arrived atManchester at 10 pm.[32]
On 23 October, Xi visited Manchester. He visited the National Graphene Institute of theUniversity of Manchester with Professor Nancy Rothwell, President and Vice-Chancellor of the university, alongsideGeorge Osborne,Lord Jim O’Neill and the Minister for the Northern Powerhouse,James Wharton.[33] Later Xi visitedManchester City F.C., Manchester City Football Academy and its exhibition of football history.[34] He also witnessed former Manchester City defenderSun Jihai being inducted into theEnglish Football Hall of Fame[35] and took aselfie withSergio Agüero.[36]
Before Xi left, he visited theAirport City Manchester project. He announced thatHainan Airlines will launch non-stop flights between Beijing and Manchester.[36]
The British officials said that the China-UK business transactions were highly exaggerated and Britain would continue to tightly regulate the nuclear industry.[37]
As future king, Prince Charles and his wife Camilla were absent from the state banquet. Charles also did not attend a state banquet for Chinese leaderJiang Zemin in 1999. His absence at that time was widely reported in the British media as being due to him being a great supporter of the exiled Tibetan leader, theDalai Lama whom he viewed as being oppressed by the Chinese.[38]
In May 2016, Queen Elizabeth II was filmed making an unguarded remark that the Chinese "were very rude to the ambassador", and that it was "bad luck" for the Metropolitan police commanderLucy D'Orsi that she had to be responsible for security during the state visit.[39]
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