 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "State of the Comoros" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(August 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
State of the Comoros | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975–1978 | |||||||||
| Anthem: Ungwana (Comorian) Liberty | |||||||||
.svg) Location of the Comoros (circled) | |||||||||
| Capital | Moroni | ||||||||
| Official languages | French, Comorian, Arabic | ||||||||
| Religion | State atheism | ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Comorian | ||||||||
| Government | UnitaryMaoistone-partysocialistrepublic under anauthoritariandictatorship | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1975 | Ahmed Abdallah | ||||||||
• 1975–1976 | Said Mohamed Jaffar | ||||||||
• 1976–1978 | Ali Soilih | ||||||||
• 1978 | Said Atthoumani | ||||||||
| Vice President | |||||||||
• 1976–1978 | Mohamed Hassanaly | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Establishment of the State of the Comoros | 6 July 1975 | ||||||||
• Disestablishment of the State of the Comoros | 23 May 1978 | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | KM | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Comoros | ||||||||
Socialist Comoros, officially theState of the Comoros, was the Comorian state between 1975 and 1978 under the rule of theDemocratic Rally of the Comorian People. This period began on August 3, 1975, less than a month after Comoros gained independence from France, when Soilih andSaid Mohamed Jaffar, whose adherents were barely armed, hired French mercenaryBob Denard to overthrowAhmed Abdallah. Soilih officially became President of the revolutionary council in January 1976. He acquired extensive powers under the terms of a new constitution[1] and implemented socialist economic policies. This period would formally come to an end when Soilih was ousted and killed in a coup by French mercenaries, which reinstalled the former President Ahmed Abdallah.
On 3 August 1975 the United National Front coalition overthrew the government ofAhmed Abdallah, with the aid of foreignmercenaries[2] led byBob Denard.[3]
Said Mohamed Jaffar favored a conciliatory approach towardsFrance and theMayotte issue. On the occasion of the acceptance of the State of Comoros(État comorien) at theUnited Nations in November 1975 Said Mohamed Jaffar delivered a speech.In January 1976 Jaffar gave up power to radical leftist leaderAli Soilih.
After rising to power in 1976, Soilih embarked on a revolutionary program that was mainly directed against the country's traditional and conservative Muslim society.[4] His vision, based on a mixture ofMaoism andIslamic philosophies, was to develop the Comoros as aneconomically self-sufficient and ideologicallyprogressive modern 20th-century state.[citation needed]
Condemned as wasteful backwards and cumbersome, certain inherited customs of Comorian culture were abolished, like the 'Anda', the traditional "grand marriage",[5] as well as traditionalfunerary ceremonies, which were criticized for being too costly. Soilih advanced the cause of the youth by allowing young people to take more power. In order to reach his goal, he lowered the voting age to fourteen and put teenagers in positions of responsibility. Among the most striking of his reforms were measures designed to gain the favor of the youth, like the legalization ofcannabis and promoting the removal of theveil among the women of Comoros.[6] Most civil servants were dismissed and there was a ban on some Islamic customs.[citation needed] He implemented revolutionary social reforms such as replacing French with Shikomoro, burning down the national archives and nationalizing land.
Soilih created the 'Moissy', a young revolutionary militia trained byTanzanian military advisers.[4] The Moissy was the Comorian answer toMao Zedong'sRed Guards, and its methods were similar to those that had been employed by their Chinese counterpart during theCultural Revolution.[7][8]
Soilih's confrontational policies led to France breaking ties and terminating all aid and technical assistance programs to the Comoros, while traditional leaders of the islands resented the progressive elimination of age-old traditions, under Soilih's rule the Comoros became aPariah state. Growing discontent promoted by the political opposition resulted in four unsuccessful coup attempts against the Soilih regime during its two-and-a-half-year existence.[4]
On 13 May 1978,Bob Denard, once again commissioned by the French intelligence service (SDECE), returned to overthrow Soilih and reinstate Abdallah with the support of the French, Rhodesian and South African governments.[9][10] Soilih wasoverthrown by a force of 50 mercenaries, the majority of them former French paratroopers hired by exiled former leaderAhmed Abdallah and led by French ColonelBob Denard.[11] Abdallah became president ending Soilih's 2 year rule, Soilih's policies were reversed, and the name of the country was changed to "Islamic Federal Republic of the Comoros".[12] On May 29, Soilih was shot and killed; according to the government, he had attempted to escape from house arrest.[13] Soilih died at the age of 41 years old.
Soilih, in addition to implementing radical reforms, established close connections with many of theCold War states which aided revolutionary movements. Among these wereNorth Korea, which established an embassy in the Comoros within a year. On 18 January 1977, the first ambassador So Jinyong presented his credentials to Vice President Mohamed Hassan Ali, and made a visit to President Soilih.[citation needed]
Soilih's Moissy militia and other armed forces received training from the left-wingTanzanian regime ofJulius Nyerere, also received some degree of aid from the North Koreans.[14] On 15 March 1978, the North Korean ambassador presented a gift fromKim Il Sung to President Soilih, in response to which the Comoros expressed its "full support and firm solidarity with the Korean people's struggle" to achieve an independent and peacefulKorean reunification.[15]
10 years later, in 1989, Soilih's older half-brother,Said Mohamed Djohar, overthrew Abdallah's Regime, possibly with the help of Denard. He served as president of the Comoros until 1996.
The effects of the social policies of Ali Soilih'sDictatorship are still apparent throughout the Comoros, particularly onAnjouan.[16][vague]
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
