State nationalism orstate-led nationalism[1] is a nationalism that equates 'state identity' with 'nation identity' or values state authority. 'State nationalism' is considered a form of 'civic nationalism' and there are similarities between the two, but state nationalism also has to do with illiberal,authoritarian andtotalitarian politics.[2][3][4]
State nationalism is a "top-down" process where the state apparatus creates and promotes a national identity to secure political legitimacy. Unlikeethnic nationalism, which typically emerges as a "bottom-up" movement from shared ancestry, state nationalism relies on the existing legal and political boundaries of the state. Scholars likeAnthony D. Smith categorize this as a feature of "territorial nations," where the state exists before a coherent sense of national belonging is formed. In this model, the state uses institutions—such as public education, military service, and official language policies—to assimilate diverse populations into a single national body.[2][4][5][6][7]
Kokkashugi (国家主義), variously translated as "statism"[16] and "nationalism",[17] "state-nationalism"[18] and "national socialism",[19] was the ruling ideology of theEmpire of Japan, particularly during the first decades of theShōwa era.
InItalian fascism, state nationalist sentiment appears in the sloganBenito Mussolini: "Tutto nello Stato, niente al di fuori dello Stato, nulla contro lo Stato" ("Everything in the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State"); this illustrates the fascist principle of statolatry, where the state is elevated to a spiritual entity that absorbs all aspects of private and national life.[23][24][25]
^Myers, Brian Reynolds (December 28, 2016)."Still the Unloved Republic".Sthele Press. RetrievedJune 26, 2019.... Someone who is asked by a pollster whether he is prouder of the Taehan minguk or of the minjok therefore knows which answer is better, more progressive-sounding. In all likelihood he is not prouder of the republic than of his Koreanness. One should be wary of polls on this issue that were not conducted precisely and clearly.
^Baogang He (8 July 2015).Governing Taiwan and Tibet: Democratic Approaches. Edinburgh University Press. p. 81.
^Hankwon Kim (2022).Cultural and State Nationalism: South Korean and Japanese Relations with China. American University.
^Jonathan Unger (26 September 2016).Chinese Nationalism. Taylor & Francis.
^Hofmann, Reto (2015-07-09).The Fascist Effect: Japan and Italy, 1915–1952. Cornell University Press. p. 157.ISBN978-0-8014-5636-7....the literal translation of kokkashugi is "state socialism." This rendering reflects its proponents' emphasis on the state as an institution to solve economic and social problems. But the adherents of this ideology often translated kokkashugi as "national socialism," and contemporaries often remarked about the parallels with German National Socialism. For example, the title of the journal of this school of thought was kokkashakaishugi, which they translated as "national socialism."
^abThomas R.H. Havens (March 8, 2015).Farm and Nation in Modern Japan: Agrarian Nationalism, 1870-1940. Princeton University Press. p. 319.
^Cengiz Gunes (2020).The Political Representation of Kurds in Turkey: New Actors and Modes of Participation in a Changing Society. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 6.
^Benito Mussolini (1935).The Doctrine of Fascism. Rome: Ardita Publishers. pp. 7–10.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
^Roger Griffin (1991).The Nature of Fascism. Pinter Publishers. pp. 36–39.
^Michael Mann (2004).Fascists. Cambridge University Press. pp. 13–16.
